Using targeted active-learning exercises and diagnostic question clusters to improve students' understanding of carbon cycling in ecosystems

In this study, we used targeted active-learning activities to help students improve their ways of reasoning about carbon flow in ecosystems. The results of a validated ecology conceptual inventory (diagnostic question clusters [DQCs]) provided us with information about students' understanding of and reasoning about transformation of inorganic and organic carbon-containing compounds in biological systems. These results helped us identify specific active-learning exercises that would be responsive to students' existing knowledge. The effects of the active-learning interventions were then examined through analysis of students' pre- and postinstruction responses on the DQCs. The biology and non-biology majors participating in this study attended a range of institutions and the instructors varied in their use of active learning; one lecture-only comparison class was included. Changes in pre- to postinstruction scores on the DQCs showed that an instructor's teaching method had a highly significant effect on student reasoning following course instruction, especially for questions pertaining to cellular-level, carbon-transforming processes. We conclude that using targeted in-class activities had a beneficial effect on student learning regardless of major or class size, and argue that using diagnostic questions to identify effective learning activities is a valuable strategy for promoting learning, as gains from lecture-only classes were minimal.     

问题教学及其设计原则初探

在开放教育的教学模式探索中，问题教学作为一种教育观念，一种适合远程教育的教法，一种适合学生自主学习的学法，一种资源展示的方式，不仅具有实用性和可操作性，而且，只要认真遵循问题设计的原则，一定会产生良好的教育效益。     

Exploring the relationship between physics-related epistemological beliefs and physics understanding

Three studies are reported that investigated the relationship between secondary school students’ physics-related epistemological beliefs and physics conceptual understanding. Study 1 involved the development of a Greek Epistemological Beliefs Evaluation Instrument for Physics (GEBEP) which was administered to 394 students (10th graders). Study 2 investigated the hypothesis that physics epistemological sophistication as measured by the GEBEP is a good predictor of physics understanding. The participants were selected from the 394 students who participated in Study 1. More specifically we selected the 10% (38) students with the highest scores in the GEBEP (high epistemological sophistication group, HES) and the 10% (38) students with the lowest GEBEP scores (low epistemological sophistication group, LES) and measured their understanding of Newton’s three laws using the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation instrument (FMCE) developed by Thornton and Sokoloff (1998). The results showed that the HES group had significantly higher scores in the FMCE than the LES group. Regression analysis showed that beliefs regarding the Construction and Stability of physics knowledge and the Structure of physics knowledge were good predictors of physics understanding. Study 3 re-examined the same hypothesis on a new independent sample of students. The results based on the entire sample, showed again that beliefs regarding the Construction and Stability of physics knowledge predicted physics understanding. Overall, the results suggest that sophisticated physics-related epistemological beliefs are necessary but not sufficient for physics understanding and point to the importance of taking them into consideration in physics education.     

在科学抽象中构建光合作用概念

本文阐述了“科学抽象”思维方式的含义及过程,例析了高中生物学“光合作用”概念的科学抽象过程.     

对高校体育专业学生篮球裁判员培养问题的探讨

本文通过文献资料及调查、观察和访问等方法,认为高校体育专业学生篮球裁判员培养及提高应注意:(1)兴趣的培养。(2)重点选材与重点培养。(3)规则理论学习与临场实践相结合。(4)加强基本功训练。(5)课上学与课后学相结合。(6)加强心理素质的训练。(7)加强英语学习。     

利用问题储蓄罐开发课程资源

课程资源是课程设计与实施不可缺少的基本要素.开发和利用课程资源,对于转变学生的学习方式,对于教师创造性地实施新课程等具有非常重要的意义.近几年,笔者在所任教的班级通过设置问题储蓄罐(即用旧纸盒做成储蓄罐,放学生提出的问题),在生物学课程资源的开发与利用方面进行了积极的探索和实践.     

医学本科生创新平台的构建与实践

现阶段医学本科教育中高等教育大众化与医学人才质量要求精英化的矛盾突出,存在医学教育模式陈旧、医学生科研能力训练缺失及医学教育缺乏与人文社会科学的有机结合等诸多弊端。成都医学院构建了开放、共享、规范、导师化的创新实践平台,对于解决大众化教育背景下兼顾医学人才培养质量的问题、提高以创新素制为核心的综合素质、深化医学生的专业与自我认识、形成良好人格与稳定心理以及培养终身学习的能力具有显著的成效。     

河南省大学生体质状况的动态分析

运用检测法、数理统计法,以2009年河南省大学生体质调研的身体形态、机能和素质测试统计数据为依据,与历年的结果进行对比分析,揭示河南省大学生体质的发展状况,旨在为提高大学生的体质健康水平提供科学依据.     

Exploring anatomy and physiology using iPad applications

This study examined the use of iPads with anatomy applications (apps) in the laboratory sections of the largest undergraduate course at the university, Anatomy and Physiology, serving more than 300 students. The majority of these students were nursing, exercise science/physical education and biology majors. With a student survey (student opinion) and student practicum grades as metrics, this study determined whether the introduction of this novel mobile technology improved student grades and aided the students in learning the course material. The results indicated that students’ grades improved with the introduction of the iPads, and 78% of the students reported that the iPads facilitated their ability to learn the course material. There was a positive association between frequency of app use and standardized mastery of the course material, as students who used the apps more frequently scored higher and indicated that they felt as though they had learned the material more comprehensively. Owning or having an iPad at home did not have a significant effect on the learning of the material. The general consensus by students was that iPad anatomy apps should be used frequently to better develop student understanding of the course material. Anat Sci Educ 11: 336–345. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

虚拟实验室在本科生物实验教学中的作用

就本科生物实验教学引入虚拟仿真实验技术的必要性进行了论述,介绍了四川大学生物科学实验教学中心已经建立的虚拟实验室进行生物实验教学的情况,提出借助教育部开展国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心建设工作的契机,建设更适合该中心本科生物创新实验教学发展的高水平虚拟实验室的工作设想。     

教师更应该关注学生什么

邻居的儿子亮亮是一名小学五年级的学生,他的上课时间和我们一样,都是八点钟,但是,每天早上我上班时,几乎很少看到亮亮,因为他已经提前上学走了。     

案例在大学生心理健康教育中的作用

案例也称个案或实例,是指对一个包含有实际问题或疑难情景的典型的真实事件的描述。它是案例教学中的核心内容和主线索,在案例教学中起关键性作用。案例在大学生心理健康教育中具有支架功能、内化功能和迁移功能。     

Nonlanguage factors affecting undergraduates' judgments of nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants

In response to dramatic changes in the demographics of graduate education, considerable effort is being deveoted to training teaching assistants who are nonnative speakers of English (NNSTAs). Three studies extend earlier research that showed the potency of nonlanguage factors such as ethnicity in affecting undergraduates' reactions to NNSTAs. Study 1 examined effects of instructor ethnicity, even when the instructor's language was completely standard. Study 2 identified predictors of teacher ratings and listening comprehension from among several attitudinal and background variables. Study 3 was a pilot intervention effort in which undergraduates served as teaching coaches for NNSTAs. This intervention, however, exerted no detectable effect on undergraduates' attitudes. Taken together, these findings warrant that intercultural sensitization for undergraduates must complement skills training for NNSTAs, but that this sensitization will not accrue from any superficial intervention program.     

本科生毕业论文抄袭问题的治理及效果比较

为提高本科人才培养质量,解决本科毕业论文中的抄袭问题,结合高校本科毕业论文管理工作实际,归纳、指出造成本科毕业论文抄袭问题的主要原因是教学资源不足、教学管理不完善、本科论文定位不合理、学生学术训练相对匮乏、学术问题监管不够得力、教师的学术不端行为等因素,针对以上因素制定实施了相应的治理措施,并通过中国知网大学生论文抄袭检测系统对本科毕业论文进行了检索比对,从抽检结果看,本科毕业论文抄袭问题的治理效果非常显著,毕业论文抄袭现象大幅减少。     

用微型化学实验来探究氯气的性质

氯气的性质是高中化学中极其重要和有意义的部分,由于氯气的毒性众所周知,所以在讲授氯气性质的教学过程中通常以教师的演示实验为主。     

本科生创新能力培养体系的探索与实践

结合桂林电子科技大学的建设实践,针对课程设置、各类实习实训、课程设计及毕业设计(论文)、创新性实验项目、学科竞赛等校园创新活动环节对本科生创新能力培养体系进行了详细阐述,并介绍了各环节对学生实践能力和创新能力培养的实施效果.     

Students understanding and participation using ULearn: dynamics case

In this paper, ULearn (University of Surrey learning on-line) and e-learning techniques are used to enhance the students’ understanding and participation in Dynamics modules for an undergraduate programme in the School of Engineering, University of Surrey. The Dynamics modules are taught at Levels 2 and 3 and contain several mechanisms and vibrating systems. The modules consist of several chapters, each of which has its own folder, or content file, in ULearn. In addition to the discussion board and chat room, on-line simulations have been made available and integrated within ULearn. In order to evaluate students’ understanding and encourage the student participation in ULearn, timed on-line assessments, in the form of multiple-choice quizzes, have been designed. The feedback of the students has indicated that the use of ULearn was of great help to improve their understanding of the Dynamics modules.     

整体思想在高中物理解题中的应用

整体思想作为物理思想的一个方面,对学生解决物理问题能力的培养有着重要的意义,为了培养学生思考问题时,不是拘泥于问题的局部特征,而是着眼干问题的整体结构,全方位分析问题的思想,提高分析问题、解决问题的能力,本文以整体思想为指导,分别从研究对象、物理过程处理以及运动的效果三个方面阐述了整体观点在高中物理解题中的应用。     

团体训练对提高大学生职业决策自我效能的有效性研究

团体训练是心理健康辅导的一种重要方式,本研究选择34名大学生为被试(实验组和对照组各17人),对实验组的被试进行了为期7周的团体训练实验,以检验团体训练对提高大学生职业决策自我效能的有效性。结果表明,实验组被试的前后测得分之间存在显著性差异,对照组的前后测得分之间无显著差异;实验组和对照组的前测无显著差异,后测存在差异显著;实验组被试的职业决策自我效能在3个月后仍能维持较高水平,表明团体训练是提高大学生职业决策自我效能的有效方法。     

新时期职务犯罪问题探讨

职务犯罪是和人类社会的文明进程背道而驰的行为,其危害巨大,但却屡治不绝.在中国新的历史时期,其根源是多方面的;其特点也具有多样性;其危害十分明显.应从完善党和国家领导制度,深化行政体制改革;加强道德教育、强化思想建设;建立法制、强化司法的惩治功能;形成全方位的监督网络体系等方面,遏制职务犯罪,扫清国家民族走向富强的障碍.