美善相乐的心灵感悟与诗意体验:理学诗境探论

理学的内圣境界是敬畏与洒落的统一,理学诗歌是内圣境界的诗意体验.理学诗歌的意境以"有"的境界为主,又充分吸纳了佛道庄禅"无"的智慧,从而诗意地展现了理学家有无合一的人生境界.理学诗境的主调是"诗可以乐",表现的是理学家津津乐道的孔颜之乐.     

践行义理,不忧即乐——论明代理学中的苦乐观

“孔颜之乐”是宋明理学中的核心问题之一,对这一问题的讨论集中体现了宋明理学家们的苦乐观。明代理学虽然是对宋代程朱理学的继承,但是在对“乐”的看法上又有所差异。与宋代程朱苦乐观相同,明代理学家们如曹端、薛瑄和胡居仁等也用“天理”来诠释“乐,”也认为“乐”是心中“纯粹天理”境界,但是由于他们比较注重人生实践,对于宋代理学家们要求“格”那无穷无尽的“天理”感到既不切实,又有脱离人生的感觉,于是明代的理学家们大都把“理”诠释为“当然”之则。故而他们心中之“乐”主要是与所当然之“理”合而为一境界中所体会到的无忧与心安。     

范仲淹与"孔颜之乐"

以史料为据,说明"孔颜之乐"在宋代儒学复兴的过程中成为理学家津津乐道的话题,也成为他们的高尚精神追求。传统认为周敦颐在宋明理学中最早提出"孔颜乐处",经过研究论证了范仲淹较周敦颐更早关注、追求"孔颜之乐",并以此激励后生,为北宋儒学复兴培养了一批人材。     

北宋理学家程颢唱和诗中的人文内涵

北宋理学家程颢毕生致力于丰富与传承理学事业的同时,还写下了一些颇有可读性的诗歌,尤其是后期的一些唱和诗,将吟孔颜之乐、塑圣者形象、表经世之心、寄恬淡意趣的人文内涵不着痕迹地融入诗中,别具风貌,自成一家。     

“孔颜乐处”的内圣意境

"孔颜乐处"是宋明理学的一个重大课题,宋明理学家将"志伊尹之所志,学颜渊之所学"作为其道德的追求.孔颜所追求的"乐"是精神人格的自我体验,其内圣境界强调的是主体自我修养,认为在道德价值之上还有更高的"道",表达出在世俗得失、毁誉、是非的超脱中对自由、自在、自得、自乐的向往.     

颜子所乐何事？——对于理学境界论的一个哲学阐释

周敦颐作为理学开创者,对二程最重要的启示是“孔颜之乐”。“孔颜之乐”涉及儒家的境界论问题,主要讨论的是,人的生命存在如何由有限而达到无限。在这个问题上,周敦颐以“道德有于身”进行了初步回答,二程则继续深化,提出颜子之所乐,在于经验世界与价值世界合一而产生的精神快乐。此外,抛开历史记录,论文以犹太哲学家马丁布伯的“我与你”理论,对“颜子所乐何事”提供另一种思路的哲学阐释。     

论儒家对"乐"有无之境的阐述

不同于道家对乐的出世问的超脱的描述,儒家的孔颜之乐则更强调它的人间性--"有"的一面,这种人间之俗乐对抗超脱的出世之乐是儒家对当时世人求佛老玄虚之乐的一种修正:既要求得乐的境界,又不需要出世修行,遁迹山林,即使在伦理关系中奉行社会义务的同时同样可以寻乐.     

中国文化传统中幸福追求的四种模式

本文系统地概括了中国文化传统中追求幸福的四种模式:儒家以德祈福,追求孔颜之乐的幸福模式;道家以道致福,追求至乐的幸福模式;禅家以空求福,追求平常心之乐的幸福模式;民间大众以寿统福,追求生活美满之乐的幸福模式。梳理出这些传统的幸福模式,可以为当下国人寻求幸福提供帮助。     

名人谈养生

养生十乐:清代著名画家高桐轩长寿之道归纳为十乐,即“耕耘之乐、扫帚之乐、教子之乐、知足之乐、安居之乐、畅谈之乐、漫游之乐、沐浴之乐、安卧之乐、曝背之乐”。     

道德理性主义:转变中的儒家人文精神——从孔子、宋儒到梁漱溟

对人之生命境界的道德设计和理想追求,是儒家人文传统的真精神所在。这一真精神,从孔子提出“孔颜之乐”、宋儒探讨“孔颜之乐所乐何事”到近代梁漱溟倡导“人生真乐”和“理性至上”,有着一以贯之的体现。其主题就在开掘人之道德生命的价值,由哲学上探讨道德理想和现实人生间的双向转化环节,以求构建真、善、美统一的人生价值型态,自觉地贯穿着     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.