对外资源型投资项目投资风险的模糊综合评价

在对对外资源型投资项目风险管理内涵界定及其风险管理基本程序的介绍基础上．分析了对外资源型投资项目不同阶段所面临的主要风险因素,运用模糊综合评价方法建立了对外资源型投资项目的风险评价模型框架,并给出了评判测度依据,从而为对外投资决策提供定量的科学依据。     

分离路面上的汽车制动性能仿真研究

利用虚拟样机软件ADAMS/CAR,建立了整车模型和分离路面模型,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立了ABS的控制模型。在此基础上对带有ABS的车辆进行了联合仿真,分析其在分离路面上的制动性能,最后与不带ABS车辆的制动性能进行了对比。联合仿真结果表明:带ABS的车辆在制动效果、行驶方向稳定性上具有明显优势,同时也说明了ABS联合仿真具有较高的可行性与有效性,可为ABS的研究提供一定依据。     

上市公司股权分置改革研究

股权分置是在我国经济体制转轨过程中形成的特殊问题,随着我国资本市场的迅速发展,开始越来越强烈地影响证券市场预期的稳定和价格发现功能,使公司治理缺乏共同的利益基础,严重影响了我国证券市场的效率,成为完善资本市场基础制度的重大障碍。在股权分置改革过程中我们必须考虑到影响股权分置改革的一些因素,然后要构建一个稳定的市场环境,降低交易费用,提高制度安排的效率。     

未来的国际格局:融合与分裂并存

一、国家融合与分裂的历史轨迹上个世纪90年代初两极格局解体后,人们普遍预测将很快出现多极化局面。然而,国际格局的发展变化有其自身的内在规律,是不以人们的意志为转移的。一个特别值得关注的趋势,那就是在多种因素的作用下,“强国融合与弱国分裂”的趋势可能     

甲基乙烯基酮内氢断裂C-O键四分体快速检测

通过对甲基乙烯基酮内氢断裂C-O键四分体快速检测,分析其多样性的POMs和POSSs的分子簇单元结构,形成了哑铃型杂化分子,弄清分子拓扑形状与超分子组装结构的关系,为制备新型纳米材料奠定基础。采用周期图法与小波分析组合法对内氢断裂C-O键四分体的氧化性能进行特征分析和计算,把C-O键四分体的氧化特征随机信号进行离散化线性组合标,考察甲基乙烯基酮的内氢断裂结构晶体分子的结合能、电子转移等性质,对势能函数取其幅值的平方,得到甲基乙烯基酮的内氢断裂结构的氧化性能特征分析结果。实验得出,该方法有效检测了甲基乙烯基酮内氢断裂C-O键四分体结构,通过共价键与有机分子结合,检测方法稳定可靠。     

A New Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Split Service for Minimizing Fleet Cost by Simulated Annealing

We address a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) in which the demand of a node can be split on several vehicles celled split services by assuming heterogeneous fixed fleet. The objective is to minimize the fleet cost and total distance traveled. The fleet cost is dependent on the number of vehicles used and the total unused capacity. In most practical cases, especially in urban transportation, several vehicles transiting on a demand point occurs. Thus, the split services can aid to minimize the number of used vehicles by maximizing the capacity utilization. This paper presents a mix-integer linear model of a CVRP with split services and heterogeneous fleet. This model is then solved by using a simulated annealing (SA) method. Our analysis suggests that the proposed model enables users to establish routes to serve all given customers using the minimum number of vehicles and maximum capacity. Our proposed method can also find very good solutions in a reasonable amount of time. To illustrate these solutions further, a number of test problems in small and large sizes are solved and computational results are reported in the paper.     

Functional genes controlling rice's grain-filling

CAS scientists with the Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (IPPE) under the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences have recently identified a functional gene capable of controlling the grain-filling process of rice.     

十大趋势之四:基因沉默

20世纪90年代，一项被称做RNAi的实验室研究工具偶然出现，当时一组生物学家欲将产生紫色素的基因转入开紫花的矮牵牛花中，希望得到更加紫的花，可是事与愿违，这些紫色素基因非但没有加深紫色，反而使花瓣呈现出白色。     

The HLA genes and their diverse polymorphism

Advanced DNA level studies based on HLA class II sequence analysis have revealed considerable diversity in HLA among Asian Indians. High resolution typing of specific alleles such as DR2 and DR4 in the HLA class II region by PCR-SSP or SSOP hybridization and their associated DR-DQ haplotypes have helped to detect unique haplotypes and novel alleles which have subsequently been confirmed by sequencing. Incidentally, remarkable stability has been maintained in several other DRB1 alleles viz. DR1, DR7, DR9 and DR10. The ARMS-PCR technology has been found to be particularly useful for typing HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-Cw alleles. These technologies are far superior over serological methods. Our studies have shown remarkable heterogeneity of common HLA-A and B alleles in Asian Indians. Molecular subtyping of HLA-A2 revealed that subtype A^*0211 is found only in Indian population and may be the result of selection pressure in this population. Investigations into polymorphism in the HLA-B27 gene revealed that subtypes common both to the western caucasians and orientals occur in the Indian population. It is apparent that the population of the Indian subcontinent, placed as it is between the Caucasoids and Negroids on one hand and Australoids and Mongoloids on the other, provides a rich source of many HLA haplotypes. While the most frequent Caucasian haplotypes occur with a reasonable frequency in Asian Indians, those found predominantly in other ethnic groups (e.g., australian Aborigines and populations of Oceania, China and Japan) are also detected. Knowledge on this is most important for donor selection during organ and bone marrow transplantation and for designing MHC targeted vaccines in specific diseases.     

基于博弈论的合诉与分诉对专利侵权纠纷和解的影响研究

目前,代表性国家形成合诉与分诉两种诉讼制度,不同的制度对专利侵权纠纷和解的影响并不相同,因此,分别构建合诉与分诉制度下专利权人和潜在侵权人之间专利诉讼的两回合博弈模型,通过逆向归纳法,从成本-收益角度对博弈模型进行求解及分析。结果表明：潜在侵权人和解率与和解金额负相关,与专利权人胜诉后的期望收益正相关;专利权人撤诉率与和解金额以及潜在侵权人和解费用负相关,与潜在侵权人诉讼费用正相关。与此同时,在分诉博弈模型中,潜在侵权人和解率还与专利权人赔偿诉讼费用负相关,专利权人撤诉率与潜在侵权人在侵权裁判后的市场损失正相关。因此,中国应提高专利侵权损害赔偿金额、适时借鉴分诉制度,企业也应当加大创新研发投入。     

知识基因自由组合规律

 为了揭示知识创新规律,依据仿生学原理,采用仿生学演绎与实证研究两种方法,以生物基因自由组合规律为原型,类比提出了知识基因自由组合规律,又经实际案例验证,该规律揭示了知识创新规律,并据此建立了知识创新路线图。知识基因自由组合规律,是指两对知识基因在杂合状态时,保持其独立性,互不融合,配子形成时,同一对知识基因各自独立分离,不同对知识基因自由组合。该研究结果突破了现有成果,是破解知识创新规律的新观点,是基于仿生学发现的重要基础理论,适用于知识创新相关研究领域。     

Watching the race to find the breast cancer genes

This article focuses on a crucial development in genetic research that occurred in the 1990s: the identification of the first two of the genes responsible for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2). Issues addressed touch on the evolution of the subfield, its potential impact on cancer treatment, and industry involvement. The article follows the activities of the various research groups competing in the race to identify the genes and depicts the frequent conflicts between them. Data are derived chiefly from a bibliometric database. The results show a diversity of research practices. Industrial researchers interacted within far more tightly knit networks than their counterparts working in public organizations. The patenting and commercial exploitation of results led to fierce battles, with one group capturing most of the benefits.     

银行债权对经理层的监督效应研究——对股权分置改革以来广东上市公司的实证分析

在对经典理论和现实背景概括分析的基础上,把银行信贷从企业负债中独立出来,以市场化程度较高地区的企业——广东上市公司为样本,以2005年中国上市公司股权分置改革的时间为时间节点,明确研究银行债权对经理层的监督效应及其变化轨迹.研究证明,由于中国现实背景和改革的复杂性,银行债权对经理层的监督效应既有符合经典理论,即符合市场化规律的一面,又有不符合经典理论,即不符合完全的市场化规律的一面;近年来银行债权的经理层监督效应的改进程度并不十分明显,尤其是民营公司和短期贷款.这说明,股权分置改革带来的效果仍然十分有限,改革仍然任重道远,尤其是资本市场与企业(特别是民营企业)的规范化与信用建设问题,成为亟待解决的问题,必须进一步推进包括完善银行债权监督在内的相关改革.     

：unctional genes controlling rice＇s grain.filling

CAS scientists with the Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology （IPPE） underthe Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences have recently identified a functional gene capable of controlling the grain-filling process of rice.     

General picture revealed about origin of new genes in fruit flies

Gene, the very basic unit of heredity in a living organism, has long heldthe limelight in modern biological studies. One fundamental truth revealed by scientists is the origination of new genes is a driving force behind evolutionary innovation in all organisms. However, except a few case studies, they are not very clear how the novel genes have been created in Nature. Now, with the help of molecular biology, scholars strive to understand the mechanisms underlying their origination.