Critical Heat Flut in Forced Convective Boiling with a Wall Jet

The critical heat flux (CHF) in the forced convective boiling with a wall jet has been investigated.The experiments of CHF with a wall jet “have been performed over a wide range of ρ1/ ρg=6.6-1603 and △Tsub=0-60K. The mechanism on CHF is discussed and a CHF model based on heat balance in sublayer can provide a good clue for analyzing and deriving CHF. Finally, a generalized correlation is presented, which can predict CHF for saturated and subeooled conditions.     

Base Stress of the Opened Bottom Cylinder Structures

The base stress of the opened bottom cylinder structure differs greatly from that of the structure with a closed bottom. By investigating the inner soil pressure on the cylinder wall and the base stress of the cylinder base, which were obtained from the model experiments, the interactions among the filler inside the cylinder, subsoil and cylinder are analyzed. The adjusting mechanism of frictional resistance between the inner filler and the wall of the cylinder during the overturning of the cylinder is discussed. Based on the experimental study, a method for calculating the base stress of the opened bottom cylinder structure is proposed. Meanwhile, the formulas for calculating the effective anti-overturning ratio of the opened bottom cylinder are derived.     

Weld Characteristics and NC Bending Formability of QSTE340 Welded Tube

The mechanical characteristics of the weld joint were investigated by tensile test, microstructure test, and microhardness test. The welded tube NC bending tests were carried out to evaluate the weld on the formability of the QSTE340 welded tube. The results show that the wall thinning degree, cross-sectional deformation and springback angle increase significantly as the weld line is located on the outside of the bend compared with that located on the middle and inside, and the welded tubes produce nearly identical performance as the weld line is located on the middle and inside. The wall thickening degree decreases much as the weld line is located on the inside of the bend. So the welded tube can acquire good bending formability as the weld line is located in the region away from the outside of the bend.     

Effect of Shock Wave on Fabricated Anti-Blast Wall and Distribution Law Around the Wall Under Near Surface Explosion

The loads of shock wave effect on fabricated anti-blast wall and distribution law around the wall were investigated by using near surface explosion test method and FEM. The pressure-time histories and variety law on the foreside and backside of the anti-blast wall were adopted in the tests of variety of different explosion distances and dynamites, as well as in the comparison between the test and numeri-cal calculation. The test results show that the loads of shock wave effect on the anti-blast wall were es-sen-tially consistent with calculation results using criterion under surface explosion when explosion dis-tances exceed 2 m, the distribution of overpressure behind wall was gained according to variety law based on small-large-small. It is also demonstrated that the peak overpressure behind wall had com-monly appeared in wall height by 1.5—2.5 multiples, and the peak overpressures of protective building behind wall could be reduced effectively by using the fabricated anti-blast wall.     

Simulating confined swirling gas-solid two phase jet

A k-ε-kp multi-fluid model was used to simulate confined swirling gas-solid two phase jet comprised of particle-laden flow from a center tube and a swirling air stream entering the test section from the coaxial annular. After considering the drag force between the two phases and gravity, a series of numerical simulations of the two-phase flow of 30μm, 45μm, 60μm diameter particles were performed on a x×r＝50×50 mesh grid respectively. The results showed that the k-ε-kp multi-fluid model can be applied to predict moderate swirling multi-phase flow. When the particle diameter is large, the collision of the particles with the wall will influence the prediction accuracy. The bigger the diameter of the particles, the stronger the collision with the wall, and the more obvious the difference between measured and calculated results.     

Experimental investigation on mixing enhancement mechanism of turbulent jet flow with tabbed nozzle

Flow visualization and hot-wire measurement techniques were combined to investigate the influence of the size and number of tabs on jet flow field and vortex structure generation mechanism. Streamwise vortices generated by the tabs of different sizes and numbers were ob- served from the flow visualization images. Combined with flow visualization, hot-wire measurement gave a quantitative insight of the effect of various tabbed jet flows. Instantaneous two-component velocity signals （longitudinal and transverse velocity components） at different cross sections along radius direction and streamwise direction with different tabbed jet nozzles were measured using hot-wire anemometer. Average flow field parameters of tabbed jet flow such as mean velocity, turbulence intensity, vorticity were analyzed and the effects of tabs with different sizes and numbers were compared with that of circular no-tab jet flow. It is revealed that the generation of a series of counter-rotating quasi-streamwise vortices, azimuthal vortices and double-row azi-muthal vortex are the reasons for mixing enhancement of tabbed turbulent jet flow.     

墙上的咖啡

I sat with my friend in a well-known coffee shop in a 1)neighboring town of Venice,Italy,the city of lights and water. As we enjoyed our coffee,a man entered and sat at an empty table beside us.He called the waiter over and placed his order,saying,"Two cups of coffee,one of them there on the wall." We heard this order with interest and 2)observed that he was served one cup of coffee but he paid for two.When he left,the waiter put a piece of paper on the wall,saying,"A Cup of Coffee." While we were still there,two other men entered and ordered three cups of coffee,two on the table and one on the wall.They had two cups of coffee but paid for three and left.This time also,the waiter did the same:He put a piece of paper on the wall,saying,"A Cup of Coffee."     

Wavy film flow along periodic wall under monochromatic-frequency flowrate perturbation

Surface wave dynamics of falling film on the surface of periodic rectangular wall under monochromatic-frequency flowrate forcing disturbances is studied via numerical simulation. Waveforms formed on the periodic rectangular wall are different from those on the flat plate. At low frequency, the perturbation introduced at the inlet first undergoes a steady flow region and then develops into solitary waves. When the frequency becomes higher, solitary waves disappear. Film deformations in the steady flow region and characteristics of solitary waves are studied as the film travels down. There are circulations at the depression of periodic wall which are dependent on the local film characteristics and geometry of the corrugation. Moreover, the flow rate and geometry of the corrugations can also affect the evolvement of the monochromatic perturbation.     

Influences of Randomly Distributed Wall THickness of Beverage Can on Its Strength and Stiffness

This paper describes the research undertaken on the strength and stiffness of fluctuation on the wall thickness of steel beverage cans using the Monte-Carlo stochastic finite element method.Sample distributions were firestly assumed and then proven using the data observations of the wall thickness.the APDL language was then applied,and the stresses and displacements of the can were calculated by using the ANSYS software.It is concluded that the structureal reliability of a steel-making beverage can be estimated accurately.     

Reaction thrust of water jet for conical nozzles

Clear knowledge on the reaction thrust of water jet is valuable for better design of water jet propulsion system. In
this paper, theoretical, numerical and experimental studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the nozzle geometry
as well as the inlet conditions on the reaction thrust of water jet. Comparison analyses reveal that the reaction thrust has a
direct proportional relationship with the product of the inlet pressure, the square of flow rate and two-thirds power exponent
of the input power. The results also indicate that the diameter of the cylinder column for the conical nozzle has great influence
on the reaction thrust characteristics. In addition, the best values of the half cone angle and the cylinder column length exist
to make the reaction thrust reach its maximum under the same inlet conditions．     

Heat Transfer of an Array of Round Impinging Jets with One-Sided Exhaust of the Spent Air

ＨｅａｔＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒｏｆａｎＡｒａｙｏｆＲｏｕｎｄＩｍｐｉｎｇｉｎｇＪｅｔｓｗｉｔｈＯｎｅＳｉｄｅｄＥｘｈａｕｓｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｐｅｎｔＡｉｒＳｏｎｇＹｉｊｕｎ（宋益军）ＣｈｅｎＹｏｎｇｙｕａｎ（程永元）ＣａｉＳｏｎｇ（蔡崧）（Ｔｈｅｒｍｏｅｎｅ...     

Numerical investigation on thermal properties of micro-pin-fin cooler

Micro-pin-fin cooler mounted on the power chip enables the heat removal to meet modern microsystem requirement. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proven as a potential material for micro-coolers due to the superior thermal conductivity, good mechanical property and so forth, and there appear various applications of CNTs in the micro-cooler technology. In the present paper, an analysis of the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the micro-pin-fin heat sink was conducted, where air was used as the cooling medium and an impinging jet was introduced to enhance the heat transfer. Three-dimension computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out for micro-pin-fin coolers with various parameters, including the pin-fin size and pattern as well as the jet velocity and nozzle diameter. The flow field and thermal properties of the micro-pin-fin heat sink were obtained, and the heat removal efficiency was evaluated.     

聚能射流数值模拟中的几项关键技术

聚能射流形成的数值模拟,涉及到大变形、高应变率以及材料的破坏,传统的拉格朗日或欧拉方法在解决该问题均有很大的局限性,先后发展了网格重分、ALE、SPH等方法,以及界面处理技术,各有所长,但尚未完全解决,而在实际工作中,切合实际的药型罩介质本构关系则是聚能射流数值模拟的关键,高效并行计算与可视化则是聚能射流数值模拟的必由之路,并阐述了聚能射流数值模拟的发展趋势．     

空调风机内部复杂旋涡流动现象研究

为了解不同空调风机的内流机制,采用数值分析和PIV实验研究相结合的方法对空调用贯流风机和轴流风机内部复杂的旋涡流动现象进行了研究。结果表明:空调壁挂机用贯流风机内部偏心涡沿轴向具有明显的三维分布特性,偏心涡径向位置沿轴向几乎没有变化,其周向位置沿轴向不断改变。贯流风机偏心涡卷吸区域随负载提高而增强。高负载时,偏心涡更加靠近叶轮中心和蜗壳方向。空调室外机用开式斜流风轮的叶尖涡产生于距叶片前缘1/4区域,靠近吸力面。叶尖涡随风轮转速的提高而增强,并沿着与风轮旋向相反的方向朝下游发展。     

Dynamic modeling of micro- and nano-sized particles impinging on the substrate during suspension plasma spraying

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) can be utilized to manufacture finely structured coatings. In this process, liquid suspended with micro- or nano-sized solid particles is injected into a plasma jet. It involves droplet injection, solvent evaporation, and discharge, acceleration, heating, and melting of the solid particles. The high-speed and high-temperature particles finally impact on the substrate wall, to form a thin layer coating. In this study, a comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the dynamic behaviors of the suspension droplets and the solid particles, as well as the interactions between them and the plasma gas. The plasma gas was treated as compressible, multi-component, turbulent jet flow, using Navier-Stokes equations solved by the Eulerian method. The droplets and solid particles were treated as discrete Lagrangian entities, being tracked through the spray process. The drag force, Saffman lift force, and Brownian force were taken into account for the aerodynamic drag force, aerodynamic lift force, and random fluctuation force imposed on the particles. Spatial distributions of the micro- and nano-sized particles are given in this paper and their motion histories were observed. The key parameters of spray distribution, including particle size and axial spray distance, were also analyzed. The critical size of particle that follows well with the plasma jet was deduced for the specified operating conditions. Results show that in the downstream, the substrate influences the flow field structure and the particle characteristics. The appropriate spray distances were obtained for different micro- and nano-sized particles.     

微小尺度孔径受限冲击射流的强化换热实验研究

为研究微小孔径气体受限冲击射流的换热特性,采用电阻丝加热方形酚醛树脂薄板作为模拟发热芯片的换热表面,沿对角线均匀布置热电偶以采集表面温度分布。以3mm孔径的圆形单孔及1mm孔径两种不同排列的圆形多孔喷射板对发热面进行中低Re数的射流冲击换热实验．通过改变风数及高度孔径比等参数得到了批数的径向分布及驻点区的换热特性,为射流冲击换热在封装芯片冷却上的应用提供了实验基础。     

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady-State Flowsin Bubble Column Reactors

Thebubblecolumnreactor (BCR) ,withbatchfeedandcontinuousgasaerated ,hasobtainedwideapplica tionsinbiochemicalengineering ,chemicalengineeringandwastewatertreatment ,etc .OneimportantfeatureofBCRisthattheconversionandtheyieldofthereactioncanbehighlyincreasedundertheunsteady stateopera tion .Sincethemassandtheheattransferpropertiesinaprocessmainlydependontheflowbehavior ,itisstronglydesirabletoinvestigatetheunsteady stateflowstructurebeforethedesignandscale upofBCRwithhighreactiveconversionsa…     

Experimental investigation of vortex-ring cavitation

Vortex-ring cavitation occurs when the pressure inside a torus-shaped core of a vortex ring falls below the vapor pressure of the ambient liquid. By generating a vapor bubble in a rigid tube, a toroidal cavity can be produced outside the tube. The pulsation and propagation behaviors of vortex-ring cavitation are studied using a high-speed video camera and a hydrophone. The experimental results show that the cavity continues to oscillate with a period that depends heavily on the maximal cross-section radius of the cavity and circulation of the vortex flow, under the influence of the surrounding vortex flow field. It is also shown that the cross-radial oscillation of the toroidal cavity can be measured both by a high-speed camera and hydrophone. Moreover, three different methods for estimating the circulation are compared to propose an accurate model of toroidal cavity oscillation. The phenomenon of a toroidal cavity impinging on a fixed wall is also investigated.     

Large eddy simulation of a particle-laden turbulent plane jet

Gas-solid two-phase turbulent plane jet is applied to many natural situations and in engineering systems. To predict the particle dispersion in the gas jet is of great importance in industrial applications and in the designing of engineering systems. A large eddy simulation of the two-phase plane jet was conducted to investigate the particle dispersion patterns. The particles with Stokes numbers equal to 0.0028, 0.3, 2.5, 28 (corresponding to particle diameter 1 μm, 10μm, 30μm, 100μm, respectively) inRe=11 300 gas flow were studied. The simulation results of gas phase motion agreed well with previous experimental results. And the simulation results of the solid particles motion showed that particles with different Stokes number have different spatial dispersion; and that particles with intermediate Stokes number have the largest dispersion ratio. Project (No. G19990222) supported by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research of China     

凝胶推进剂流动雾化特性实验系统的改进及应用

针对凝胶推进剂流变与雾化特性实验研究中出现的流量衰减、撞击式喷注单元加工超差大等问题,对实验系统进行了改进设计。推进剂供应采用油压缸活塞,设计了多功能三维调节机构。实验结果表明,改进后流量供应平稳,调节机构满足精度要求,模拟实验系统成功用于新型凝胶推进剂流变和雾化特性研究。