数字化转型何以影响枢纽企业创新绩效？——基于模块化视角的实证研究

如何揭开数字化转型提升枢纽企业创新绩效的面纱,既是创新战略研究的前沿课题,也是管理实践的难题。基于模块化理论,提出数字化转型影响创新生态系统枢纽企业创新绩效的杠杆机制（模块化产品架构）和协同机制（模块化组织架构）,以“战略—结构—绩效”的研究范式,构建数字化转型作用于企业创新绩效的链式中介模型,通过跨层次的模块化架构演进动态分析,提出模块化架构与治理机制协同的双重演化路径。研究表明：（1）数字化转型对枢纽企业创新绩效有显著促进作用;（2）模块化产品架构与模块化组织架构分别在数字化转型与企业创新绩效的正向影响中起部分中介作用,且在上述影响中起链式中介作用。（3）模块化产品架构及其镜像的模块化组织架构的演进,是现阶段枢纽企业应对数字化转型的重要结构支撑。微观上揭示数字化转型的黑箱机制是对以往研究的丰富与补充,并启示企业的数字化管理实践。     

基层科研组织在社会治理中的作用——中国北方七县荒漠化防治的实证研究

 基层科研组织是当代社会组织结构的重要组成部分,在社会治理中扮演着重要角色。基于对西北七县的实证考察,研究探讨了基层科研组织在中国北方荒漠化防治中的作用。研究发现：（1）被调查者对基层科研组织的了解虽然有限,但对其作用的评价却很高,二者存在倒U型相关关系;（2）基层科研组织在荒漠化防治中的功能多样化,但主要集中在政策建议和科研活动等方面;（3）基层科研组织的组织间结构安排机制多样化,但垂直控制关系明显;（4）基层科研组织的地方性组织优势突出,但由于资金支持不足和自身组织结构等问题,其发展受到限制;（5）要改进基层科研组织在荒漠化防治中的参与功能,首先要改革其组织机构,并加大对其的资金支持等;（6）影响基层科研组织作用评价的因素和途径多种多样,需进一步研究。这些发现不仅为进一步探讨基层科研组织在荒漠化治理中的作用奠定了基础,而且为探讨其它类型的科研组织在社会治理中的作用提供了理论基础和实证参考。     

基于组态分析的数字平台生态系统内部治理因素及效果研究

    数字化浪潮推动了企业组织变革和商业模式创新,平台型企业作为其中最典型的组织形态纷纷涌现。以平台核心企业为主导的生态系统在快速发展的同时,由于生态成员种类及其衍生出的业务越来越复杂多样,如何对平台生态系统进行有效的内部治理成为学者和业界共同关注的焦点。本研究采用质性和量化相结合的方法,通过对不同领域的12家平台组织进行深入案例研究及半结构化问卷访谈,运用扎根理论并结合已有文献提炼出影响平台生态系统内部治理的前因变量,并进一步运用fsQCA定性分析技术对这些影响因素进行条件组态分析。研究发现：（1）平台技术投资、生态系统开放度、平台控制机制、平台领导力、成员间竞合程度是影响平台生态系统内部治理的主要前因变量;（2）单一变量对平台内部治理效果解释力弱,不同条件耦合形成的交易驱动型、服务驱动型、内容驱动型、创新驱动型平台生态系统治理模式四种组态均能实现高效治理;（3）非高效平台生态系统治理包括全面滞后型和管理无序型两种组态,在缺乏技术投资及控制机制两个核心条件的情况下,平台内部治理效果受到明显抑制。本文的研究发现对揭示不同情境下数字平台生态系统的高效治理路径具有重要的理论与实践意义。     

Comparison of crowdsourcing platforms from social-psychological and motivational perspectives

The increasing need to compete in innovation and the prevalence of IT in social and economic interactions have led to greater globalization in innovation sourcing, particularly through online crowdsourcing platforms. Crowdsourcing platform participation, a phenomenon inadequately covered, is an instance of providing an innovative solution or idea intertwined with personal and social factors that interact to result in a behavior. A better understanding of the impact of social factors and participants’ hedonic, utilitarian, and social motivations can guide the design and management of these crowdsourcing platforms to foster sustained engagement. This study considered the competitive and social nature of these platforms and analyzed participation intentions from a novel standpoint—a combination of motivational and socio-cognitive perspectives and their relationships within two different types of crowdsourcing platforms: Atizo’s third-party-hosted community and Nokia’s brand-hosted IdeasProject community. A comparison of these two types of crowdsourcing platforms for the same activity of ideation at an individual level revealed differences in behavior determinants based on the platform host type, domain specificity, and mechanisms supporting different motives and social factors.     

Novel mechanisms of scalability of financial services in an emerging market context: Insights from Indonesian Fintech Ecosystem

Global Fintech phenomenon is driven by new technological innovations that attempt to unbundle and deconstruct conventional business models in the financial services sector. Existing research on platforms focus on platform leadership, governance, generativity and modularity, as well as their impact on agility and innovation. However, there are limited empirical studies, to explore the role of platform operators in providing scalable financial service delivery to a broader population. This study aims to enhance the understanding of an emerging Fintech landscape in Indonesia which is characterized by heterogeneous, dynamic and evolving network of organizations and the innovative mechanisms by which the scalability of financial services could be enhanced. Our study suggests that the mechanisms of platformization, decentralization, localization and democratization by Fintech platform operators positively impact the scalability of financial service delivery. This study has significant implications for policy makers especially in emerging markets who are seeking to scale, facilitate and govern the Fintech revolution, and for Fintech practitioners in the design of technology-enabled delivery of financial services.     

国际河流流域组织发展历程及对中国的启示

国际河流的合作治理已经成为中国推进周边外交的重要抓手,诸多学者都强调了中国应重视研究制定与相关国家和地区的水资源协同开发框架,建立健全跨地区水资源合作机制。但是,在如何设计流域组织的问题上中国缺乏相应的成熟经验。因此,中国在不断推进总结本国实践经验的同时,需要了解国际上国际河流流域组织建设的成功经验以及失败教训。基于此,本文以TFDD收录的国际河流流域组织数据库为研究对象,对其发展历史、现状等基本问题进行阐述。结果表明,国际河流流域组织的发展历史根据组织职能转变与治理机制完善两个角度大致可以划分为萌芽、雏形与完善3个阶段;国际河流流域组织在组织职能、组织类别、结构特征、治理机制4个方面呈现差异化的表现。同时,本文对中国国际河流流域组织情况进行了梳理,并参考国际经验,认为中国国际河流流域组织的设计和选择应基于国家战略规划并充分尊重东北、西北和西南片区的地区差异;同时健全中国流域组织日常管理与应急管理能力应从组织结构以及治理机制入手;但是建立健全国际河流流域组织并非一蹴而就,需要与中国国际河流流域合作开发的发展阶段相适应,不仅要学习西方国际河流流域组织建设的先进经验,也要注重吸取众多欠发达国家的失败经验,并探索能促进流域区域经济发展的治理机制。     

Knowledge governance in a Japanese project-based organization

Knowledge processes (knowledge creation, retention, and sharing) are influenced by organizational structure, and governance and coordination mechanisms. While project-based organizational structures facilitate knowledge creation; they can hinder knowledge retention and sharing without adequate governance mechanisms. Drawing from the knowledge management and knowledge governance literatures, this paper proposes knowledge governance mechanisms – consensus-based hierarchy, shared human resource practices, and performance measures and output control – that promote knowledge processes in project-based organizations (PBOs). The functioning of knowledge governance is described in a Japanese PBO, Maekawa Manufacturing Ltd. Although the case indicates that both soft and hard dimensions of knowledge governance support knowledge processes, soft dimensions are prioritized in this particular organization. Some implications and suggestions for further research are given.     

Towards sustainable collaborative networks for smart cities co-governance

This paper addresses the concept of collaborative governance in the context of smart cities, with a focus on supporting and recommending performing organizational structures for sustainable collaborative networks (SCN). It highlights that governing a smart city is about promoting an effective environment of collaboration in the government and implying adaptive policy-making to construct new, internal and external human collaborations. Considering the smart governance as a collaborative network of government agencies and external stakeholders including citizens and a socio-technical system, we conduct in this paper an ethnographic mixed method by combining a qualitative method that studies actors’ collaboration and engagement in co-governance with a quantitative method that is based on graph theory to provide numerical analyses of organizational structures. While the qualitative method aims to discover organizational “smart factors” that affect the performance of SCN structures or configurations, the quantitative method aims to find “smart indicators” and metrics to evaluate these organizational factors. The result of this mixed method is an analytical recommender framework of the relevant SCN organizational structures in terms of robustness, flexibility and efficiency.     

You can’t use this app for that: Exploring off-label use through an investigation of Tinder

Abstract

This article reconceptualizes the pharmacological term “off-label use” in the context of platforms and apps. It combines literature on technological appropriation with research on platforms’ sociotechnical arrangements to understand off-label use as platform appropriation. This conceptual work is applied to an investigation of Tinder, involving analysis of the platform, media articles, and interviews. Findings show that off-label use, such as marketing and campaigning, appropriates Tinder’s infrastructure and sociocultural meanings. Tinder also responds to disruptive off-label uses with changes in governance and infrastructure. This analysis shows how off-label use can locate user agency while uncovering shifting relations among users and platforms.     

Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework

An integrative framework is proposed to advance management research on technological platforms, bridging two theoretical perspectives: economics, which sees platforms as double-sided markets, and engineering design, which sees platforms as technological architectures. While the economic perspective informs our understanding of platform competition, the engineering design perspective informs our view of platform innovation. The article argues that platforms can be usefully conceptualized as evolving organizations or meta-organizations that: (1) federate and coordinate constitutive agents who can innovate and compete; (2) create value by generating and harnessing economies of scope in supply or/and in demand; and (3) entail a modular technological architecture composed of a core and a periphery. In support of this conceptualization, a classification system is presented, indicating that technological platforms appear in a variety of organizational forms: within firms, across supply chains, and across industry innovation ecosystems. As an illustration, the framework is then applied to derive a simple model highlighting patterns of interaction between platform innovation and competition, yielding hypotheses that could be tested empirically by future scholars.     

IT engagement as a blessing and a curse? Examining its antecedents and outcomes in organizations

Information technology (IT) engagement is defined as a need to spend more time using IT. Practice-based examples show that IT engagement can have adverse effects in organizations. Although users can potentially get more work done through IT engagement, observations show that the users might jeopardize their well-being and hamper their work performance. We aimed to investigate this complexity in the research on IT engagement by examining its potential antecedents and outcomes in organizations. Considering the potentially mixed outcomes, we developed a model to examine the effects of IT engagement on personal productivity and strain. We also aimed to explain the antecedents of IT engagement by drawing on the collective expectations for IT use. In particular, we examined the extent to which normative pressure on IT use drives users’ information load and IT engagement. Finally, we sought to understand whether users’ attempts to avert dependency on IT use reduced their IT engagement. Several hypotheses were developed and tested with survey data of 1091 organizational IT users. The findings help explain the role of normative pressure as a key driver of IT engagement and validate the positive and negative outcomes of IT engagement in organizations.     

Knowledge transfer: an information theory perspective

Personalization and codification are two dominant knowledge transfer (KT) mechanisms found in organizations and organizational networks. This paper proposes a theoretical model of KT that explains organizations’ choice of KT mechanisms in terms of the tacitness of knowledge being shared and the corresponding information content. Shannon’s entropy, an information theoretical concept, has been used to define the constructs of tacitness and information content and explain their influence on the choice of the corresponding KT mechanisms. Contributions of the paper include (a) use of information content as a predictor of the choice of KT mechanisms, (b) development of an expression for tacitness, and an intuitive explanation of the tacit-explicit continuum, (c) characterization of product variety in terms of information content, and (d) development of a KT theoretical model that can be operationalized for predicting the choice of KT mechanisms in real-life situations.     

企业产品平台独立性差异及影响机理——一个对比案例研究

摘要：产品平台对于复杂工业企业取得竞争优势的重要性已经成为学者们的共识,但现有研究对于产品平台独立性差异及导致差异的机理并未做深入探讨。本文采用双案例比较研究方法,选择两家在产品平台独立性上存在较大差异的企业--大连机车与一汽轿车--进行对比分析,探讨影响企业产品技术平台独立性的主要因素及机理关系。研究发现：（1）产品－市场结构、技术战略、资源协奏模式是影响产品平台独立性差异的主要因素;（2）在产品-市场结构、技术战略的影响下,平台独立性差异企业会表现出不同的资源协奏模式--多元协奏与单一拼接。（3）产品-市场结构、技术战略与资源协奏模式之间存在密切的互动关系：产品-市场结构影响下的技术战略,及技术战略影响下的资源协奏模式最终影响平台独立性。本研究明确了不同企业在产品平台独立性方面产生差异的原因并提出了相关机理,补充了关于产品平台独立性的相关研究。     

开放视角下企业的知识治理和隐性知识共享

    隐性知识为企业技术创新及可持续发展提供了支撑,共享、整合和利用企业内外部隐性知识的研究得到学者们的广泛关注,但现有文献对如何促进组织间隐性知识共享的关注甚少。本文选取中国东部地区的186家知识密集型企业为调查对象,探讨开放情境下核心企业的知识治理与组织间隐性知识共享的关系。研究发现：知识治理对组织间隐性知识共享具有正向影响,组织开放度在市场型和层级型知识治理对组织间隐性知识共享的影响中均具有显著的调节作用,但在社会型知识治理对组织间知识共享影响中的调节作用不显著。该研究可为企业在创新网络中获得基于知识治理的创新和竞争优势提供借鉴。     

模块化嵌入的一流企业产学研用协同创新演化：理论建构与案例探索

首先分析了模块化对于一流企业技术创新的影响，构建了基于平台模块化的产学研用协同创新系统模型。在此基础上，结合典型案例探讨了其在模块化嵌入下的产学研用协同创新实践和演化轨迹；其次，围绕“用户协同-资源协同-组织协同”三个维度，归纳对比了产品模块化、组织模块化和平台模块化下案例企业的产学研用协同创新效应。研究发现：产品模块化、组织模块化可以被赋予调节产学研用协同创新的功能，而平台模块化既有利于推动企业与大学、科研机构从“面对面”转向“背靠背”的合作创新，也能通过开放企业平台资源来激发合作伙伴的创新潜能。     

Effect of penitence on social media trust and privacy concerns: The case of Facebook

Abuse of information entrusted to organizations can result in a variety of privacy violations and trust concerns for consumers. In the event of violations, a social media brand or organization renders an apology – a form of social account – to alleviate users’ concerns and maintain user membership and engagement with the platform. To explore the link between apology offered by a social media brand or organization and the users’ trust dynamics in the brand’s services, we study how organizational integrity can contribute to reducing individuals’ privacy concerns whiles increasing or repairing their trust. Drawing on organizational behavioral integrity literature, our proposed research model suggests that the persuasiveness of an apology following a data breach affects users’ trust or spillover trust through their perceptions of the degree of alignment between the words in the apology and the actions of the violating entity. Based on a survey of Facebook users, our findings show that persuasiveness of an apology has a significant impact on users’ perceptions of the alignment between the social media brand’s (i.e. Facebook) words and subsequent actions. These perceptions impact social media brand trust (i.e. users’ trust in Facebook and allied services such as Instagram). We also find that, post data breach incidence, while integrity of the social media organization partially mediates the relationship between persuasive apology and users’ trust, it fully mediates the relationship between the persuasive apology and the privacy concerns expressed by the users. However, users’ privacy concerns do not contribute much to the repair of trust needed to maintain their membership.     

Managing individual research productivity in academic organizations: A review of the evidence and a path forward

The management of research productivity is central to university governance and drives a broad range of decisions, including those on hiring, promotion and funding allocation. Policymakers and academic leaders responsible for improving their institutions’ research performance need an evidence-based understanding of the organizational factors that can be managed in pursuit of better publication outcomes. Our paper reviews the empirical evidence on the drivers of research productivity that can be actively managed by organizations and policymakers. Such drivers include organizational structures, research culture, features of task environment for academic work, and resource allocation. To advance the state of science in research productivity literature, we then analyze assumptions and highlight mechanisms that need to be explored in order to improve theoretical and methodological state of the field. We suggest directions for future research with the aim to create a deeper and more cohesive body of knowledge on how organizations, funding bodies, and government agencies can influence scientific performance at the individual level. To advance the practice of research management, we offer a rigorous synthesis of existing empirical evidence that can help academic leaders in supporting and developing faculty research productivity within their institutions.     

How social media live streams affect online buyers: A uses and gratifications perspective

Social media live streams (SMLSs) are becoming mainstream e-commerce platforms, especially for direct selling, offering online retailers (e-tailers) immense consumer interaction and engagement levels. Despite their growing prevalence, e-tailers face difficulties capitalising on this platform to enhance retail operations. This paper explores how SMLSs affect consumers' purchase intentions by exploring their motivations for participating in e-commerce SMLSs. To this end, we used the uses and gratifications (U&G) theory to explain how using SMLSs to satisfy consumers' needs could lead to high or low purchase intentions. It was done by collecting cross-sectional data from 795 consumers who have participated in e-commerce SMLSs. The data were analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Our findings revealed that people use SMLSs to satisfy their need for value, social identification, and the medium's attributes. Based on these findings, we show six configurations that lead to high or low purchase intentions and make corresponding theoretical propositions. Thus, our study contributes to the research and practice of using SMLSs for online shopping.     

Citizens as planners: Harnessing information and values from the bottom-up

In this paper, we focus on understanding the critical role of everyday citizen in planning and policy-related issues in their city enabled by the newly emerging technological platforms such as mobile-based application and internet-based participatory platforms. The interest and capability of citizens to use and benefit from such online platforms that facilitate urban planning has grown in recent times, which makes it important to study the nature of these platforms and civic engagement that is facilitated through them. We study three such platforms and provide policy recommendations to urban planners based on our analyses of the platforms.     

面向我国重点产业的技术创新服务平台构建研究

从我国重点产业发展的需求出发,论述了构建产业技术创新服务平台的必要性,在总结了前人的研究成果,并充分借鉴发达国家和我国发达地区创新平台构建的经验基础上,结合我国重点产业发展的客观实际,通过官产学研相结合构建了符合我国国情、具有可操作性的产业技术创新服务平台的理论模型;分析了通过平台的构建,集成创新资源联合攻关,实现资源对外开放和高效服务,以支撑企业自主创新和产业技术进步。