Technological collaboration in product innovation: The role of market competition and sectoral technological intensity

Drawing on the strategic alliances and innovation literature, this study proposes that the impact of technological collaboration on product innovation is contingent on market competition and sectoral technology characteristics. Specifically, it argues that the generally observed positive effect of technological collaboration on product innovation may be diluted in highly competitive markets, and the interactive effect of technological collaboration and market competition on product innovation will be further moderated by sectoral technological intensity. Data on the product innovation and technological collaboration of 944 Chinese firms across five manufacturing sectors provide robust support for the contingent effects of technological collaboration on product innovation.     

The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress,challenges and key themes

The emergence of novel and powerful digital technologies, digital platforms and digital infrastructures has transformed innovation and entrepreneurship in significant ways. Beyond simply opening new opportunities for innovators and entrepreneurs, digital technologies have broader implications for value creation and value capture. Research aimed at understanding the digital transformation of the economy needs to incorporate multiple and cross-levels of analysis, embrace ideas and concepts from multiple fields/disciplines, and explicitly acknowledge the role of digital technologies in transforming organizations and social relationships. To help realize this research agenda, we identify three key themes related to digitization—openness, affordances, and generativity—and, outline broad research issues relating to each. We suggest that such themes that are innate to digital technologies could serve as a common conceptual platform that allows for connections between issues at different levels as well as the integration of ideas from different disciplines/areas. We then summarize the contributions of the 11 papers presented in this Special Issue relating them to one or more of these themes and outlining their implications for future research.     

基于B-SECI模型的颠覆性创新过程解构：知识创造视角

知识创造是创新主体不断吸收与转化知识,并将不同领域的显性知识和隐性知识进行有效利用的过程。从知识创造视角出发,构建了契合颠覆性创新特征的SECI改进模型(B-SECI),根据知识转移流动和创造演化等维度对颠覆性创新的发展特征与演化过程进行解构,旨在更能精准把握颠覆性创新演化的内在机理。研究发现,颠覆性创新主要包含隐性知识与显性知识,遵循社会化、外显化、组合化和内隐化等过程,并在具体形式上经历了创意社会化、方案外显化、技术雏形化以及最终的产品商业化阶段。     

科技服务业与制造业正逆知识转移下知识融合的协同创新研究

通过知识转移和知识融合实现创新价值共享已成为科技服务业与制造业协同发展的新途径。以知识转移理论与协同创新理论为基础,基于系统动力学视角构建了两业协同创新的动力学模型,利用Vensim DSS软件仿真,分析了随着知识融合的不断推进,两业协同创新的实现路径以及两业知识势能、知识创新率和知识转移率的变化态势,并就融合创新因子和政策因子,即制造企业知识需求、知识吸收能力、政府激励机制、财政投入、人才建设共五个因子,对两业创新率进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,两业知识势能呈指数增长,知识创新率及知识转移率不断增加,融合创新因子和政策因子对两业创新率存在显著正向影响,研究结果可以为两业协同创新发展提供决策支持。     

合作创新网络结构演化特征的复杂网络分析

"大科学"时代,创新网络结构逐渐成为创新能力的关键决定因素,其演化特征的测度与评价也成为科技创新能力评价研究的新方向。本文利用国家知识产权局专利数据库,选择我国信息通信技术(ICT)产业为研究对象,以广泛用来研究合作创新的代理指标——专利联合申请为切入点,借助复杂网络分析方法,研究我国ICT领域产学研合作创新网络形成的动力学机制和结构演化特征。结果表明:我国ICT领域产学研合作创新网络的规模呈增大趋势,复杂网络特征显著,具有明显的小世界性和无标度特征。本文的发现对改善我国ICT产业产学研合作的管理与政策发展以适应这一复杂网络的结构特征与演化趋势提供了有益的启示。     

破解数字化重构的商业模式创新：战略柔性的力量

数字经济时代基于数字化创新的商业模式,已然取代传统的商业模式,成为企业获取并保持竞争优势的主要动力。而随着产业数字化趋势越发明显,企业如何实现数字化以及在数字化背景下如何创新商业模式与企业战略,影响其在市场上能否获得先发优势。因此,本研究旨在探讨数字化“大势所趋”下,企业如何实现数字商业模式创新以及影响企业绩效的具体路径。本研究以长三角地区的463家企业为研究样本,对理论模型进行层级回归分析,研究发现：数字化正向影响商业模式创新;战略柔性中介商业模式创新对企业绩效的影响;数字化显著调节商业模式创新与战略柔性之间的关系,也显著调节商业模式创新经由战略柔性影响企业绩效的间接效应,表现为企业的数字化程度越高,商业模式创新通过战略柔性影响企业绩效的作用就越强。研究结果表明,数字化背景下企业在进行商业模式创新的过程中,要加强战略柔性,以更好地适应动态环境,提升企业绩效。     

A General framework for studying the evolution of the digital innovation ecosystem: The case of big data

This paper presents a general framework for studying the digital innovation ecosystem. The notion of complex networks offers a conceptual lens to analyze the emergence and evolution of a digital innovation ecosystem. The framework uses digital data and evolutionary community detection analysis for the empirical inquiry of the digital innovation landscape. The proposed framework is applied to the big data ecosystem. Data from Twitter, for a three year period, is processed and analyzed. This study reveals a large number of elements that are diverse in form and capacity, including organizations, concepts (e.g., #analytics, #iot), technologies (e.g., #hadoop), applications (e.g., #healthcare), infrastructures (e.g., #cloud), regulations, professional meetings and associations, tools, and knowledge. These elements and their communities have evolved in the big data ecosystem. The findings highlight the evolution of digital innovation by two mechanisms, variation and selective retention, which are nonlinear and often unpredictable. Implications are presented and potential ways to improve the proposed framework are discussed. The study aims to make both conceptual and methodological contributions to digital innovation research.     

“双碳”目标下制造业数字绿色创新发展评价研究 ：以京津冀为例

评判制造业数字绿色创新发展效果是实现双碳目标和促进数字经济发展的关键机制。本文依据五大发展理念，设立了绿色发展、创新驱动、数字经济、高效竞争、风险控制5个维度层，构建了制造业数字绿色创新发展评价指标体系。基于区域资源禀赋，本文运用FAHP-熵权模型分别对不同地区设立组合权重，综合评价京津冀制造业数字绿色创新发展效果。结果表明：（1）污染排放和数字基础设施是影响京津冀制造业数字绿色创新发展的核心因素；供应链风控、创新影响和数字互联网载体、创新贡献和信用风控分别是影响北京、天津、河北的核心因素。（2）近十年京津冀制造业数字绿色创新发展五个方面占比呈现协调融合态势，优劣顺序是北京、天津、河北。数字经济呈现逐步扩大趋势，发展态势良好；与河北和北京在风险控制方面相比，天津则应重点关注高效竞争方面。（3）近十年京津冀制造业数字绿色创新发展态势良好。河北综合水平增速最快；北京综合水平虽仍在稳步上升，但与河北相比，增速较慢；天津制综合水平不容乐观。     

创新价值链视角下的中国5G技术发展政策工具选择——基于中央政府政策文本的分析

政策工具是连接政策目标与结果之间的桥梁,也是政策制定与执行的关键环节,开展公共政策工具选择的研究具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。基于创新价值链视角,建构“政策工具-创新价值链”二维分析框架,采用内容量化分析方法,对2018-2021年上半年中央政府出台的5G技术发展政策进行文本编码。结果发现：供给面政策工具被政府频繁使用,政府较多使用环境面政策工具,需求面政策工具使用的次数最少;5G技术研发环节和产业化环节选取的政策工具集中于供给面政策工具这一类别,商业化环节使用的政策工具主要是需求面政策工具和环境面政策工具两大类别。从政策目标、工具属性及其实施环境三个影响因素解释和归纳中央政府关于5G技术发展政策工具选择的缘由,认为政策目标是政策工具选择的首要前提;政策工具的特性影响政策工具优化配置;政策工具的选择与实施环境紧密相关。     

Business services as actors of knowledge transformation: the role of KIBS in regional and national innovation systems

Over the last years, there has been a significant increase in the attention paid to the activities of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). KIBS produce and diffuse knowledge, which is crucial for innovation processes. The paper gives an overview of the role and function of KIBS in innovation systems and their knowledge production, transformation and diffusion activities. Focusing on innovation interactions between manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and KIBS, the empirical analyses grasps KIBS position in five regional contexts. The analysis leads to the conclusion that innovation activities link SMEs and KIBS through the process of knowledge generation and diffusion.     

河南职院创新创业优化战略及创新机制研究

首先对创新创业人才涵义进行科学分析,进而剖析河南职业院校学生创新创业困境的共性因素,其次创建新型复合实用人才培养模式,提出政府企业社会三位一体创业支持体系和适应社会发展人才培养模式评价机制,最后对我省创新创业职业教育的战略发展进行思考。     

数字经济时代商业模式创新与盈余管理

本文探究了数字经济时代企业商业模式创新能否以及如何影响盈余管理。研究发现,商业模式创新显著提高了企业盈余管理程度,这主要与商业模式创新提高了企业的融资需求有关。同时,不同商业模式创新类型对不同盈余管理的影响存在差异：定位创新、盈利模式创新和现金流结构创新会显著影响应计盈余管理;而业务系统创新则会显著影响真实盈余管理。从治理视角进一步分析发现,相较而言,商业模式创新对盈余管理的影响在分析师跟踪少和媒体关注度低的样本中更为显著。上述研究在一定程度上揭示了商业模式创新对盈余管理影响的内在机制,从信息披露治理角度为推动商业模式创新实践提供了重要的经验证据。     

逆向国际化企业多维跨界搜索与创新绩效的关系研究：效果推理的调节作用

虽然跨界搜索对逆向国际化企业创新的作用备受关注,但相关研究却忽视了整合知识网络空间与知识源利用的多维跨界搜索对创新绩效的影响,且尚未揭示企业跨界搜索的复杂决策情境。文章探讨了逆向国际化企业多维跨界搜索对创新绩效的非线性影响,以及效果推理对上述关系的调节作用,并以212个样本进行实证检验。结果表明：（1）国内/全球聚焦搜索与全球多源搜索对创新绩效有倒U型影响,而国内多源搜索对创新绩效的影响为正;（2）效果推理增强国内/全球多源搜索与创新绩效之间的关系,却减弱国内/全球聚焦搜索与创新绩效的曲线关系。     

Containing the Not-Invented-Here Syndrome in external knowledge absorption and open innovation: The role of indirect countermeasures

This paper builds new theory and provides supporting evidence to contain the Not-Invented-Here Syndrome (NIHS) – a persistent decision-making error arising from an attitude-based bias against external knowledge. Conceptually, we draw on the 4i framework of organizational learning to develop a novel process perspective on NIHS. This allows us not only to unpack how and where NIHS impedes organizational learning, but also to identify the key requirements for effective NIHS countermeasures. Importantly, countermeasures fall into two categories: those that seek to change the negative attitude directly (direct NIHS countermeasures) and those that seek to attenuate the behavioral impact of negative attitudes without addressing the attitudes as such (indirect NIHS countermeasures). While the evidence base on direct NIHS countermeasures has grown over the last decade, indirect NIHS countermeasures have received little research attention. To address this gap, we adopt a mixed methods research design composed of two complementary empirical studies – the first qualitative and the second quantitative. Study 1 explores the prevalence of distinct NIHS countermeasures in collaborative R&D practice. Based on 32 interviews and three focus group meetings with R&D employees, we find that a broad array of primarily direct NIHS countermeasures is employed in R&D practice. Study 2 addresses the scarcity of scholarly and managerial insights on indirect NIHS countermeasures by testing the effectiveness of perspective taking as a debiasing technique to contain negative attitudes at the level of the individual. Based on quantitative survey data from 565 global R&D projects, it provides empirical evidence not only for the prevalence and negative effects of NIHS on project success as mediated by external knowledge absorption, but also for the effectiveness of perspective taking as an exemplary indirect NIHS countermeasure.     

高校杰出学者知识创新绩效的影响因素研究

    利用机器学习发现影响学者知识创新绩效的复杂非线性特征组合,能提升学者绩效和促进资源优化配置。以2016—2018年国家自然科学基金委公布的1409位国家杰出青年科学基金项目和优秀青年科学基金项目获得者为研究对象,运用学者获得项目前在web of science 刊载的14 819篇论文构建学者科研合著网络(个体网) 927个。考虑知识创新绩效的滞后性,采用学者获得项目后发表的20 824篇论文及其91 968篇被引论文,结合中国科学院文献情报中心发布的期刊分区表等多源异构数据,使用K-Means聚类将学者进行群组划分,得到特征均衡型、环境驱动型和合作创造型三类学者群组,运用决策树CART算法挖掘不同类型学者知识创新绩效的潜在决策规则。研究结果表明：(1) 知识创造具有普适性,它是促使不同类型杰出学者达成高知识创新绩效的关键因素;(2) 杰出学者应根据内外部综合条件配置科研合作关系资源,尽量避免封闭式发展路径与合著者过多导致的“规模不经济”;(3) 在不同类型学者群组中,存在影响知识创新绩效的不同特征组合,为杰出学者达成高绩效目标提供个性化发展策略。     

Foundations of technology development,innovation and competitiveness in the globalised knowledge economy

With the growth of high‐technology industries and knowledge intensive services, the pursuit of industrial competitiveness has progressed from a broad concern with the processes of industrialisation to a more focused analysis of the factors explaining cross‐national variation in the level of participation in knowledge industries. From an examination of cross‐national data, the paper develops the proposition that particular elements of the domestic science, technology and industry infrastructure—such as the stock of knowledge and competence in the economy, the capacity for learning and generation of new ideas and the capacity to commercialise new ideas—vary cross‐nationally and are related to the level of participation of a nation in knowledge intensive activities. Existing understandings of the role of the state in promoting industrial competitiveness might be expanded to incorporate an analysis of the contribution of the state through the building of competencies in science, technology and industry.     

从共享到原创:自主性技术创新中的知识演化

从知识论角度看,企业的自主性技术创新是在原有知识基础上的知识创造活动。伴随着新产品、新工艺的出现,技术创新中所需要的各类知识也经历了一个从难言到明言,在流动中实现企业组织的共享,在共享中对知识加以整合,从而生成原创性知识的演化过程。     

Social innovation and employment in the digital age: The case of the connect employment shuttles in Spain

The digital revolution has shaped the modern world in unprecedented ways. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of digital technologies. As the health crisis’ effect rippled through economic, political, and social structures worldwide, it also accelerated the adoption of digital tools to pool expertise, ideas, and capacities for generating solutions to the pandemic’s short- and long-term implications. One of the areas where major challenges have arisen is employment.In the whole panorama of digital social innovation in Spain, we find an experience that can be described as outstanding and that links employment and digitalization. However, despite being highly successful, there is hardly any academic literature on this experience. The Connect Employment Shuttles will be the subject of specific in-depth analysis in this article. This is a socially innovative program that has been developed since 2020 in collaboration with the Santa María la Real Foundation. The Connect Employment Shuttles are an existing model specialization, the Employment Shuttles, but applied in the field of digitalization. In this article, we present the origin of the Employment Shuttles and the differences between them and other labor market integration initiatives, their constituent elements, and the social impact they exert.The research question of our study is whether this innovative mechanism combining employment and digitalization is valid and reliable. The answer is particularly relevant for private and public entities interested in implementing effective measures against unemployment, especially in vulnerable groups. The main contribution of this study is the systematized presentation of the experience of the Connect Employment Shuttles and its results so far, being the major limitation is the scarcity and dispersion of information sources.     

More is not always better: Effects of collaboration breadth and depth on radical and incremental innovation performance at the project level

This study investigates the effect of project-level collaboration breadth (i.e., the number of collaboration partner types) and collaboration depth (i.e., the intensity of the interactions with these partners) on the incremental and radical innovation performance of innovation projects. The econometric analyses, based on a Community Innovation Study sample of 218 innovation projects conducted in German manufacturing companies, reveal inverted U-shaped relationships between collaboration breadth and radical innovation performance and between collaboration depth and incremental innovation performance. These curvilinear effects speak to the high sensitivity of innovation projects to the extent of collaborative activity, which implies that practitioners should exert caution in managing collaborative innovation projects. This study contributes to the understanding of project-level open innovation and to the overall understanding of the performance effects of innovation collaboration, which, following recent assertions in the literature, could be flawed by analyses conducted at the organizational level.     

Understanding the formation mechanism of high-quality knowledge in social question and answer communities: A knowledge co-creation perspective

The social question and answer (Q&A) community provides people with an effective tool to obtain high-quality information. From the perspective of reciprocal determinism and value co-creation, this study aims to investigate the formation mechanism of high-quality knowledge in the community. We develop a model to investigate how cognitive factors and community technological factors influence users’ knowledge co-creation behavior, thereby influencing knowledge quality in the community. A survey of 382 knowledge contributors in a social Q&A community shows that knowledge self-efficacy, topic richness, personalized recommendation, and social interactivity have a positive impact on users' knowledge sharing and integration behavior, which subsequently affect the community’s knowledge quality. Moreover, users' ratings moderate the influence of knowledge sharing on knowledge quality. This research demonstrates the synergistic effect of people and technology in knowledge co-creation, thus advances literature about value co-creation and content quality in online communities.