家蚕孵抗菌物质的诱导

不同强度的超声波和热冲击处理越年蚕卵后，将其孵化后的蚁蚕匀浆、离心、取上清液经抑菌试验发现，当超声波强度在３００ｍＡ以上，处理时间为５ｍｉｎ时，能效地诱导抗菌物质的产生；     

超声波的应用初探

超声波用途非常广泛.文章提出把超声波用于水稻种子处理.实验证明:处理水稻种子增加了水稻产量;处理粉煤灰提高了水泥强度.     

中碳铬锰钛铸钢衬板及其亚温淬火

介绍了中碳铬锰钛耐磨铸钢经淬火或亚温淬火处理后，强度、韧性及耐磨性方面的变化以及以较硬矿石的装机磨损试验情况，其使用寿命为高锰钢的两倍以上。     

原油含水率对超声降粘的影响

根据实验研究了超声波照射对原油的降粘作用。比较了在不同含水率吓，经超声处理后原油粘度的变化情况。得出了当含水率为50％时，经超声处理后，原油可以形成水包油乳状液，其粘度能大幅度降低，但乳状液不稳定。在原油中掺入表面活性剂后，形成的乳状液稳定性增强，但其粘度有所增大。     

新一代生物材料：合成蛛丝

超声波武器是受到医学界的超声波治疗术的启发而研制的。象光线透过放大镜后能聚于一个焦点一样，超声波也能集中于一点，射在人体内某一微小部位上。眼科医生利用它来治疗眼内的瘤．或缓解可导致青光眼的高眼压。强度高的超声波射击一次，就能把肾结石击碎．使病人不必接受痛苦的外科手术。     

银耳多糖提取工艺的研究

目的:充分发挥银耳的价值,使其利用率更高。方法:采用机械粉碎法,再结合超声波,将胞壁破坏,然后利用传统的热水浸提法将银耳的胞壁多糖以及胞内多糖全部提取出来。结果:银耳干品的复水速度随着温度的升高而加快,而一旦复水速度达到顶峰后,它的重量又会随着时间的不断延长而慢慢降低。结论:将银耳的子实体复水后,经机械粉碎与超声波处理后,再用热水浸提取法,能够非常明显地提高提取效率,浸提的时间也大大减少了。     

冲击压实技术在大齐公路路基压实中的应用

本文通过在大齐公路旧路帮宽施工中，采用冲击压实技术降低路基土方的工后沉降，增强路基的强度和稳定性。证明冲击压实技术在路基施工中能够广泛应用。     

TC4合金激光冲击强化后残余应力实验研究

利用高功率脉冲激光对TC4合金表面进行冲击处理,用X-350A型X射线应力仪测定了其激光冲击处理后的残余应力分布,并分析了残余应力的分布特性。试验结果表明,激光冲击处理后的材料内部显微结构得到了改善,有利于提高其机械性能,为控制激光冲击过程中的残余应力分布提供了实验基础。     

五花八门的超声波新产品

超声波是指频率高于20000Hz的声波：超声波的频率处于人耳听域上限以上，不能为人耳所察觉。它能在气体、液体和固体媒质中传播。气体对超声被具有较高的吸收性，声能衰减很大。超声波具有较好的方向性、穿透性和反射性．超声波在媒质中传播时还能引起媒质分子间的剧烈摩擦和热量耗损，从而产生各种超声波效应，如超声渡热效应、化学效应、声电效应、声光效应、生物效应和空化效应等。因此，超声波已广泛应用在焊接、清洗、除尘、粉碎、以及医疗等各个领域。     

读者来信

我很想了解一下热声加工和跟日式太阳万能器的生产技术。 山东 李复堂 答:热声加工技术是一项综合了最新气动力、热物理和固体物理成就的新技术。它可直接改变金属和合金的结构和物理力学性能。它通过一定声频的强声场热处理方式达到提高材料的强度、塑性、冲击塑性和硬度,优于传统的热处理方法。可增加材料的耐磨、耐寒和耐腐蚀特性。该项技术适合于中间和最终产品,适合于处理结构钢、工具钢和其它类型的钢,以及硬质合金和有色金属。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.