15个籼稻杂交组合不同生育时期光合能力研究

对15个水稻组合剑叶在齐穗期和成熟期的光合作用以及茎鞘物质的输出率和转换率进行了研究,结果表明,15个组合中冈46 A/绵恢725和绵5A/辐恢838的特殊配合力最好,冈46 A/科恢746和绵香5A/明恢63的特殊配合力相对较差。     

玉米新组合茎腐病抗性鉴定的分析

本试验对56个玉米新组合采用田间人工接种玉米茎腐病菌(腐霉菌)的方法进行了抗性鉴定。结果表明,B-26和BJ1-58抗性最好,达到R(抗)水平,发病率分别为5.3%和10%;有19个组合达中抗(MR)水平,发病率在15%～30%之间。     

宜宾地区裸子植物的研究

本文根据调查结果,报道宜宾地区裸子植物的种类及其生态环境,分科检索特征,并讨论其中具有开发利用价值的属种及其用途。可供宜宾地区大林业开发试验、教学和科研之参考。     

赤霉素对杂交水稻生育后期氮代谢的调控作用

杂交水稻(Oryza sativa subsp indica)农艺性状优良,表现了强大的增产优势。杂交水稻的氮代谢与其农艺性状密切相关,然而关于杂交水稻的氮代谢及氮代谢调控的研究较少。赤霉素对植物有着广泛影响,在杂交水稻生育后期用适当浓度的赤霉酸(GA_3)溶液处理,对其同化物的积累和转运及活性氧清除剂的活力等方面都有明显的促进作用(曾富华、罗泽民,1991、1993)。本试验以硝酸还原酶活力(NRA)、谷—丙转氨酶活力(GPTA)等作指标,选用威优35(V35,后健组合)和威优49(V49,早衰组合)为材料,大田小区裁     

金23不育系两季繁殖技术研究

杂交稻不育系提纯复壮、繁殖技术的好坏是确保杂交水稻大面积高产、稳产、优质的关键。而对优良新组合同田早晚两季繁殖的合理安排及技术研究,又是迅速普及推广化良组合的重要环节。     

玉米新组合对茎腐病抗性及产量损失研究

采用人工接种法研究了30个玉米新组合对茎腐病菌的抗病性及其产量损失。结果表明,30个新组合中高抗和抗病的各1个,中抗的3个,其它均为感病和高感。高抗组合接种后30天缓慢发病,抗病组合发病较慢,高感组合发病迅速。中抗以上的组合产量平均损失20.4%,感病和高感组合产量平均损失28.6%。表明茎腐病对玉米产量性状有一定程度的影响,其中未接种和接种玉米的穗长、行粒数、穗重、穗粒重之间呈显著差异。     

水牛IGF1基因多态性与其生长性状、血清浓度以及IGF1和IGF1R基因表达的相关性研究（英文）

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor1,IGF1)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与埃及水牛生长性状的关联性。创新点:发现IGF1基因多态性对埃及水牛的生长性状、血液生化指标和基因表达有显著影响,并为埃及水牛的选育提供重要的分子遗传标记。方法:以200头埃及水牛为试验对象,对其IGF1基因的多态性进行检测,并分析其与生长性状、血液生理生化指标和基因表达的相关性。结论:在水牛IGF1基因多态性分析中,发现两个新的SNP位点(G64A和G280A)分别分布在外显子1和外显子4的非编码区。不同基因型的统计分析表明,G64A和G280A位点的GG基因型水牛个体分别在3~6月龄和6~9月龄的体重(BW)和平均日增重(ADG)均显著高于其他基因型(P0.05)。这两个SNPs位点的组合基因型产生了三种单倍体GG/GG、AG/AG和AA/AA。在3~12月龄的水牛个体中,单倍体基因型与BW和ADG存在显著关联(P0.0001)。纯合的GG/GG单倍体基因型水牛生长性能优于其他水牛。两个SNP位点与半腱肌中IGF1和IGF1R的mRNA水平以及IGF1血清浓度水平相关。此外,GG/GG单倍体水牛表现出较高的mRNA和血清浓度水平。综上所述,这两种SNP位点G64A和G280A可作为埃及水牛生长性状选育的重要分子遗传标记。     

高产水稻氮、磷、钾肥力效应模型及施肥配方的研究

依据氮、磷、钾3因素4水平15个处理组合田间试验测得的实验数据,建立了以水稻产量为目标性状的N,P,K肥力效应回归模型,模拟仿真因素取值频率分析得出：水稻产量9750～11250kg/hm^2的施肥量,在施有机底肥4.5万kg/hm^2的基础上,施纯N 86.12～93.87kg/hm^2,P2O553.92～66.08kg/hm^2,K2O 54.20～65.80kg/hm^2,并通过高产水稻产量结构的数学模拟得出不同高产水平的结构指标值。     

孕穗期干旱胁迫对水稻部分性状及产量的影响

以8个杂交籼稻品种(组合)为材料,在防雨棚内进行盆栽试验,研究了孕穗期干旱胁迫对水稻部分性状及产量的影响。结果表明:孕穗期干旱胁迫使水稻株高、穗长、一次分枝数、有效穗数、穗实粒数、生物产量、经济产量下降,生育期延长;其中新两优6号、新两优香4号、新两优6380、两优0293经济产量分别位于第一至第四位,产量分别为83.11、82.88、79.08、78.02g/盆,且较正常水分灌溉减产幅度仅为4.3%、5.0%、5.2%、10.3%。因此,新两优6号、新两优香4号、新两优6380、两优0293四个品种适宜在沿淮缺水地区推广种植。     

秧龄、播量、密度和氮肥运筹对"新两优6号"产量的影响

采用四因素三水平正交试验研究了秧龄、播量、密度和氮肥运筹对杂交中稻"新两优6号"产量的影响.结果表明:秧龄、播量、密度和氮肥运筹对水稻产量均有一定程度的影响,对产量影响程度依次为栽插密度 (B)＞秧龄 (D) ＞氮肥运筹 (A) ＞播种量 (C).本试验四因子的最优组合为A2B1C3D2,产量为15208.50kg /hm2.     

ISSR markers based on GA and AG repeats reveal genetic relationship among rice varieties tolerant to drought, flood, or salinity

Drought,flood,salinity,or a combination of these limits rice production.Several rice varieties are well known for their tolerance to specific abiotic stresses.We determined genetic relationship among 12 rice varieties including 9 tolerant to drought,flood,or salinity using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.Based on all markers,the nine tolerant varieties formed one cluster distinct from the cluster of three control varieties.The salt-tolerant varieties were closest to two flood-tolerant varieties,and together they were distinct from the drought-tolerant varieties.(GA)8 YG was the most informative primer,showing the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) and resolving power (Rp).The drought-,flood-,and salt-tolerant varieties grouped in three distinct clusters within the group of tolerant varieties,when (GA)8 YG was used.Sabita was the only exception.The two aus varieties,Nagina22 and FR13A,were separated and grouped with the drought-and flood-tolerant varieties,respectively,but they were together in dendrograms based on other primers.The results show that ISSR markers associated with (GA)8 YG delineated the three groups of stress-tolerant varieties from each other and can be used to identify genes/new alleles associated with the three abiotic stresses in rice germplasm.     

Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

INTRODUCTIONAlthoughriceisanaturallyself-pollinatedcrop,strongheterosisisobservedintheirF1hybrids.HeterosisorhybridvigorismanifestedasimprovedperformanceforF1hybridsgeneratedbycrossingtwoinbredparents.Heterosiscanbedefinedquan-titativelyasanupwarddeviationofthemid-parent,basedonthemeanvaluesofthetwoparents(JohnsonandHutchinson,1993).Heterosismaybepositiveornegative.Dependinguponbreedingob-jectives,bothpositiveandnegativeheterosisareusefulforcropimprovement.Ingeneral,positiveheterosisisd…     

Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height, days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering, panicle length, flag leaf length, days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill, grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents. Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R, 27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F2 progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties.     

猕猴桃果实采后呼吸作用的研究

本试验以中华猕猴桃通山5号、武植3号和美味猕猴桃海沃德果实为试材,探讨了猕猴桃果实采后呼吸作用的变化。结果表明:通山5号、武植3号和海沃德果实采后都有明显的呼吸高峰,且不同品种、不同成熟度的果实呼吸强度有明显差异,呼吸高峰出现时期亦不同。采收时果实成熟度越高,呼吸强度越大,呼吸高峰亦越早。以研究结果看,猕猴桃属明显呼吸跃变果实。     

不同烤烟品种叶片组织结构的比较研究

研究结果表明：不同的烤烟品种叶片组织结构不同，K358、云烟85与K326的叶片厚度、栅厚／海厚、栅厚／叶厚、海绵组织厚度和栅栏组织厚度基本上居于前三位，且较为接近；云烟201、云烟87、RG17、NC82居中，红大，DL01、DL02基本上位于倒数三位，厚度相差较大．NC82、DL01、云烟85、红大叶片组织结构厚度极差较小，云烟87、RG17、云烟201次之、K358、DL02、K326极差较大；综合分析得出：云烟85、RG17、云烟201、云烟87、NC82与K326品种的叶片组织结构较为接近或更好，红大、K358、DL01、DL02稍差．     

“AHO＋多肽保”组合剂诱导不同烤烟品种抗TMV的效果

对不同烤烟品种施用＂AHO＋多肽保＂组合防控剂,比较＂AHO＋多肽保＂组合防控剂诱导不同烤烟品种抗TMV效果的差异.结果显示：＂AHO＋多肽保＂组合剂诱导不同品种抗TMV的效果差异有统计学意义;对红大的诱导效果最好,云87次之,再次是K326,对云97和KRK26的诱导效果最差.相关性分析结果显示：不同品种移栽前发病率和苗期带毒率呈显著正相关;不同品种大田移栽后病情指数与苗期带毒率也呈显著正相关.     

Assessment of genetic diversity by simple sequence repeat markers among forty elite varieties in the germplasm for malting barley breeding

The genetic diversity and relationship among 40 elite barley varieties were analyzed based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping data. The amplified fragments from SSR primers were highly polymorphic in the barley accessions investigated. A total of 85 alleles were detected at 35 SSR loci, and allelic variations existed at 29 SSR loci. The allele number per locus ranged from 1 to 5 with an average of 2.4 alleles per locus detected from the 40 barley accessions. A cluster analysis based on the genetic similarity coefficients was conducted and the 40 varieties were classified into two groups. Seven malting barley varieties from China fell into the same subgroup. It was found that the genetic diversity within the Chinese malting barley varieties was narrower than that in other barley germplasm sources, suggesting the importance and feasibility of introducing elite genotypes from different origins for malting barley breeding in China.     

Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height. days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering, panicle length, flag leaf length. days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill, grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents. Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R, 27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F₂ progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties. Project supported by the Foundation of Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology, People's Republic of Bangladesh     

红掌新品种组培快繁技术研究

本试验完成了红掌新品种A1、A2、A3的组培扩繁技术路线的研究。实验发现，不同品种（基因型），叶片状态，培养基中NH4NO3浓度与叶外植体愈伤组织的诱导和芽的分化有关。在改良MS培养基中，NH4NO，400mg／L结合BA1mg／L，2，4-D0．1mg／L有利于愈伤组织形成和芽分化；以BA0．5mg／L有利于芽的增殖和继代培养；在无激素1／2MS培养基上诱导生根，生根率达100％。本技术路线已进入种苗商品化生产阶段，可以解决红掌新品种推广的种苗来源问题。     

不同品种香菇菌棒蛋白质与多糖含量的比较研究

碱浸提法提取S604、S606、931、中7、808、808对照、868、135、908、9015、939等11种香菇菌棒中的蛋白质和多糖,结果表明：135和908的蛋白质含量显著高于其他9个品种,9015的多糖含量显著高于其他10个品种。