关于西南三个区域文化传承类型与教育法制保障的思考

通过对土家族、黔东南苗、侗族、安顺屯堡人三个地区文化传承的差异研究,认为家庭教育和社会教育是民族文化传承的重要途径。提出在高校入学考试中用加试民族文化课的加分来代替降分、通过经济杠杆使民族学校从形式到内容名实相符、利用上位法强化民族习惯法,进而传承民族文化。

Abstract：

A study was made on differences in cultural inheritance of the Tujia people,the Miao and Dong people in Southeast Guizhou Province and Tunbao people in Anshun.It is believed that family education and social education are important means to inherit ethnic culture.Suggestions are put forward that in university entrance examination,test on ethnic culture should be given and the score of it be added instead of lowering scores for ethnic students;economic lever be used to make ethnic schools live up to the name;and higher-level law be applied to strengthen ethnic customs so as to inherit ethnic culture.     

通识教育中的少数民族传统文化教育

高等教育中的通识教育理念及其模式已成为近几年研究的热点问题。少数民族传统文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分,在通识教育中融入少数民族传统文化,既是社会需求对通识教育培养目标所提出的要求,也是民族传统文化传承必不可少的途径之一。探索通识教育中的多元传统文化教育,不仅是高校教育教学改革必须思考的问题,更是维护社会稳定、和谐发展的必要前提。

Abstract：

In higher education,the concept and model of general education has become the concern in recent researches.Traditional culture of ethnic minorities is an important part of the Chinese traditional culture.To integrate traditional culture of ethnic minorities in general education is both the social requirement for the training goal of general education and also one of the indispensable ways to inherit ethnic traditional culture.Exploring education of multi-cultures in general education is not only an issue to be considered in education and teaching reform of higher learning institutions,but also a perquisite for safeguarding social stability and harmonious development.     

西南民族智力资源可持续发展的教育文化战略

智力资源与民族生存的自然人文生态环境密切相关。西南地区多元文化共存的局面,造成了民族智力资源的差异性和特定的适应性。智力资源是民族创新力和适应性生存的基础,教育文化应把民族智力资源的可持续发展作为根本战略。为了实现这一目标,需要在民族教育文化理论建构、民族传统文化传承与发展、多元文化教师教育、民族文化进入课程等方面进行更为深入的研究。

Abstract：

Intelligence resource is closely related with natural,humanistic and biological environments for the survival of different ethnic groups.The coexistence of diverse cultures in the Southwest region results in different ethnic intelligence resources and their adaptability.Intelligence resources form the basis of innovation and adaptability for survival,so,the sustainable development of intelligence resources of ethnic groups should be taken as the basic strategy for education and culture.To realize this goal,further studies should be made in aspects of theory construction of education and culture for ethnic groups,inheritance and development of ethnic traditional cultures,education for teachers of multi-cultures and integration of ethnic cultures into courses.     

英文文摘

Abstract： School moral culture construction is the core of school culture construction; the school＇s intensive development calls for moral culture construction. At present, there is generally a lack of moral guidance in schools; the holistic construction of moral culture is neglected; and the means of moral education is monotonic, which leads to poor moral atmosphere at schools. There exist immoral phenomena. To explore the inevitable orientation of school moral culture construction and to solve the problems in moral culture construction, it is necessary to cultivate both the teacher and the student＇s consciousness of moral culture through multi-channels, returning to life moral education, constructing moral community, and implementing moral culture construction in the open fields.     

Perception of Nonverbal Communication Influenced by Culture

The concept of perception influenced by culture is pretty important in the study of intercultural communication.The perceptions of language and nonverbal language formed under various cultures intimate with each other during communication.This paper aims to explore the relationship between perception and culture in nonverbal communication through the study of eye language and body odor,and promote the communication among people of different culture as well.     

Implementation of network-based higher education for the Chinese deaf people under the background of the Internet

Now there are 17.7 million deaf people in China, but only four universities can provide them with higher education, which is far from enough. The implementation of network-based higher education for the deaf under the background of the Internet is an effective mean and objective needs for China＇s to carry out of the special higher education. This paper discusses the present situation of higher education for the deaf in China and the advantages of network-based higher education for the deaf. It relates the functions and also existing problems of current network-based higher education during the process of implementation. In order to solve the problems and further promote the development of Chinese higher education for the deaf people, this paper comes up with the planning of achieving the higher education for the deaf through the internet. The implementation of this project will definitely play a positive promoting effect on the integration and sharing of the higher education resource for Chinese deaf people nationwide.     

Special education in Turkey

The quality and the prevalence of education are the major indicators of the development of a society. It is a kind of human right to every person living in the society to be educated in a sufficient way. The education of the disabled people, a social reality in Turkey, is not sufficiently carried out. This paper aims at the education of the disabled people in Turkey. In order to mention about the education of the disabled people, this paper also mentions about the general characteristics of the disabled. The service of special education has not reached all the disabled, and the disabled and their families are not aware of the importance of the education. Only 90 thousand out of over one million disabled children receive the education. Disabled children continue their training in five groups： the sight impaired, the hearing impaired, the orthopedic impaired, the mentally impaired and children with long-term illness. Raising awareness is very important for all of the Turkish people. So a social education is necessary in order to deal with this problem.     

Inclusive education： Proclamations or reality （primary school teachers＇ view）

This paper deals with 2 focal points of inclusive education, which is the integral segment of the current education reform in the Bosnia and Herzegovina： its position in various proclamations and in primary school teachers＇ reality, i.e., legislative aspects vs. everyday situation in primary schools. The survey research was carried out through the 5-level Liken scale, on the sample of 105 primary school teachers working in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton （specific for its education reform implementation）. The aim was to examine the attitudes of the direct implementators of the education reform and the inclusive education （2003-2009）--primary school teachers, with particular reference to： teachers＇ acquaintance with inclusive education requirements; their involvement in its designing, planning and organization; relevant professional education; school preparedness for inclusive education; level of partnership with relevant subjects; and evaluation of the inclusive education implementation. The results obtained have indicated exactly the lack of the mentioned as the main issues of the implementation of inclusive education within compulsory primary schools in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. Therefore, this paper gives a kind of guidelines for the improvement of the inclusive education, derived directly from the teachers＇ everyday experiences, problems, proposals, notes and suggestions.     

Helping Chinese Overcome Stereotypes about American Culture

This research paper,from the perspective of cross-cultural communication,intends to analyze the cultural misconceptions Chinese have about North American culture.Inspired by the data the author collected through the semester-long project with three subjects from different background,the topic of helping Chinese people overcome stereotypes about American culture stands out to claim the practical value in terms of enhancing Chinese people’s cultural awareness and ability to distinguish cultural perspectives and recognize the complexity of cross-cultural communication.Also,recommendations like to know yourself,to develop cross-cultural communication competence are provided for overcoming the formation of stereotypes and to decrease possible cultural incidents since people of both cultures are increasingly interacting with each other in various aspects in the situation of globalization.     

A new juncture in indigenous language education The impact of the experience of Maori education

If Taiwan＇s indigenous people are not able to save their own languages, they will lose their ways of thinking, cultural heritage, and the relation to the rest of the universe that distinguishes them as indigenous peoples. Taiwan is a multi-ethnic country. Although the majority of the population is comprised of Han speakers, there is also a significant indigenous Austronesian-speaking population. The multiple cultural manifestations of the indigenous people of Taiwan enrich the overall culture of Taiwan＇s society. Under the influences of globalization and colonial governance, indigenous peoples are facing the disappearance of their traditional languages and cultures. Therefore, Taiwan needs to carefully handle the topic of the development of its people＇s cultures; otherwise, it is not difficult to see the outcome of cultural assimilation due to encroachment by mainstream cultural dominance. Education is the best method of helping protect and revitalize non-dominant cultures and their languages; by the same token, it is also the most effective means of cultural assimilation. What course should indigenous education take？ From the development of local culture subject to current stage of dialects subject, indigenous languages are still highly subject to the nightmare of extinction. Thus, in this paper, the author analyzes the development status of Maori education in New Zealand, with the aim of providing Taiwan＇s education authorities with different viewpoints for consideration so that appropriate educational methods may be applied for the development of indigenous people, and also appeal to Taiwan＇s indigenous people to take on the challenge of ridding themselves of the rigid modes of thought caused by colonial education, and, from the bottom-up, contribute their efforts for the sake of revitalizing the languages and cultures of their people.     

土家族非物质文化遗产保护与传承的历程考察

土家族非物质文化遗产的保护与传承经历了一个漫长曲折的过程,大致可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段是20世纪50年代～60年代,是为配合土家族民族成分确认和利用民族民间文化为人民服务等工作,是土家族非物质文化遗产调查、搜集、整理和传播的开启时期;第二阶段是20世纪80年代～90年代,主要是为恢复土家族民族成分和编写“十部中国民族民间文艺集成志书”等工作进行的,是土家族非物质文化遗产深入挖掘、抢救、保护、传承时期;第三阶段是世纪之交的时候,是为配合中国民间文化遗产抢救工程和中国民族民间文化保护工程而进行的,是土家族非物质文化遗产全面普查、抢救、整理、保护传承时期。每个阶段的挖掘、抢救和传承工作都有自身的特点,对保护和传承土家族文化产生了重要影响。     

非物质文化遗产的社区教育传承路径探究

非物质文化遗产是民族优秀传统文化的结晶,传承非物质文化遗产离不开教育的社会教化功能。社区教育作为一种面向全体社区成员的、灵活的教育活动,为传承非物质文化遗产提供了广泛的民众基础和社会空间。随着社区教育与非物质文化遗产的内涵不断丰富,社区教育与非物质文化遗产都具有鲜明的社区性且主体相同,但社区教育在传承非物质文化遗产的实践中存在政策支持不力、教育形式单一和参与积极性低等困境。基于此,应认识社区教育的重要性,完善非物质文化遗产传承课程;利用社区教育的多样性,丰富非物质文化遗产传承形式;调动社区成员的积极性,培养非物质文化遗产传承接班人。     

当代土家族摆手舞创作提升路径研究

土家族摆手舞承载着丰富的民族文化内涵,是研究土家族文化的重要切入点,应该得到传承和弘扬。然而,当代土家族摆手舞创作过程中存在着对土家族文化了解不充分、舞蹈语言概念提炼不准确、创作思维缺乏等问题。通过田野调查与文献分析发现,只有深入生活,充分了解和挖掘土家族的历史文化传统,提取动作的核心要素,遵循摆手舞的美学特征,才能创作出独具特色和活力的民族舞蹈,从而推动土家族摆手舞艺术的传承与发展。     

乡村振兴视域下非遗传承的逻辑必然、实践困境与纾解策略——以京族独弦琴为例

2011年,京族独弦琴艺术被正式列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。从历史维度考察,独弦琴内蕴强化民族认同、追求美好生活的价值功能;从现实语境考量,独弦琴非遗驱动乡村振兴,保护与传承独弦琴非物质文化遗产尤为重要。由于渔猎农耕文化的逐步消解与城镇化进程的强烈冲击,京族独弦琴非遗传承面临主体困境、模式困境、载体困境、价值困境、发展困境等一系列生存危机。为此,要从传承主体突破,加强传承意识,完善保障机制;从传承模式突破,优化传承模式,进行多元化传承;从传承载体突破,保护传承载体,扩大宣传力度;从产业发展突破,塑造整体品牌,促进文化再生产;从文化认同突破,加强民族文化教育培训,提升文化自觉。     

探索高校非物质文化遗产传承教育的新思路--以闽南木偶艺术遗产为例

高校非物质文化遗产传承教育,是闽南木偶艺术保护与传承的一条重要途径。应在地方高校大力开发和建构其教育课程,把木偶艺术文化融入高校的公共课程和艺术专业体系。探索高校与企业联合办学模式,培养喜爱木偶艺术的观赏者和专业人才,将促使闽南木偶艺术更好地在教育中保护,在保护中传承。     

湘西土家族非物质文化遗产保护的问题与对策

湘西土家族非物质文化遗产是国家级非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分,它是了解与认识湘西土家族文化的重要窗口。保护与开发被现代文明边缘化、濒危化的土家族非物质文化遗产是我们必须承担的任务,我们应当树立理性的遗产保护与传承观念,对土家族非物质文化遗产进行绩效化的管理,并作好非物质文化遗产传承人的保护工作,加大非物质文化遗产保护的资金投入,建立完善的非物质文化遗产法律保障机制,最终达到保护与开发湘西土家族文化的目的。     

从生态角度看界首彩陶的传承发展

近年来,无论是学者、普通民众、还是传承人,在工作中都常用"原生态"来形容非物质文化遗产。因此田野考察也就成了我们研究非遗文化的重要途径之一。也同样因为人们对原生态的过度重视而导致在非遗的传承中固步自封,难以突破。以界首彩陶为例,从原生态与衍生态的角度进行探析对如何才能真正实现非遗文化的有效传承具有借鉴意义。     

基于乡村成人学校教育的非遗传承实践探索

成人学校是乡村的基层教育文化枢纽。针对乡村非遗传承存在的脱域化、碎片化、衰败化现状,提出乡村成校做好非遗传承实践有三大路径:一是挖掘非遗存量,充实非遗乡土特色;二是整合非遗资源,打造全域学习生态;三是活化非遗的现代功能,升华非遗的社会效益。在此过程中,以宁波市鄞州区咸祥成校为例,介绍了学校作为区域非遗传承教育基地,通过建设非遗展厅、成立非遗大师工作室、培育非遗学习共同体、丰富非遗进社区等举措,将非遗技艺创作与教育普及无缝对接,实现了非遗传承与乡村产业兴旺、生态宜居、治理有效、乡风文明、生活富裕的多维统一。     

非物质文化遗产的教育传承责任探究--以“坡芽歌书”为例

非物质文化遗产的保护和传承是世界各国共同面临的问题。云南富宁壮族地区的"坡芽歌书"属于最具"活化石"特点的非遗文化种类。现实中,各种外力的驱使模糊了传承的目的和方向,本土教育积极跟进但取向迷茫。由于内生机制不健全,过分依赖外部力量,导致美好的传承意愿与实际的教育效果之间存在反差。第一,在教育目的上,未能处理好传统文化与现代育人之间的矛盾;第二,在教育内容设计上,学生经验与课程内容明显脱节;第三,在教育过程中存在着工具化和指标化的取向;第四,学校教育环境已然脱离了本真的族群生活。个案从一个侧面反映出本土文化与现代教育之间潜在的典型冲突。借助教育哲学和社会学的理论厘清非遗教育在人与文化间的角色,以及非遗教育与现代化的关系,是更好地担当非遗文化教育传承责任的理性出路。