西南民族智力资源可持续发展的教育文化战略

智力资源与民族生存的自然人文生态环境密切相关。西南地区多元文化共存的局面,造成了民族智力资源的差异性和特定的适应性。智力资源是民族创新力和适应性生存的基础,教育文化应把民族智力资源的可持续发展作为根本战略。为了实现这一目标,需要在民族教育文化理论建构、民族传统文化传承与发展、多元文化教师教育、民族文化进入课程等方面进行更为深入的研究。

Abstract：

Intelligence resource is closely related with natural,humanistic and biological environments for the survival of different ethnic groups.The coexistence of diverse cultures in the Southwest region results in different ethnic intelligence resources and their adaptability.Intelligence resources form the basis of innovation and adaptability for survival,so,the sustainable development of intelligence resources of ethnic groups should be taken as the basic strategy for education and culture.To realize this goal,further studies should be made in aspects of theory construction of education and culture for ethnic groups,inheritance and development of ethnic traditional cultures,education for teachers of multi-cultures and integration of ethnic cultures into courses.     

中国少数民族教育中“尊重”一词的内涵解析

在少数民族教育中,尊重的需要是受教育者的高层次需要,是是否能够完成自我实现的基础,也是少数民族教育设计和实施中所要考虑的重要因素。尊重是动态的发展过程,是对多元文化和谐发展主观认同的积极行动。通过对＂尊重＂的内涵的深入分析,更加深刻地认识到坚持＂平等、多元＂的少数民族教育发展观的重要意义。

Abstract：

In education for ethnic minorities,the need for respect is the high-level need of education receivers.It is the basis of accomplishing the need for self-realization and the important factor to be taken into consideration in designing and implementing ethnic education.Respect is a dynamic development process and an active identification of harmonious development of multi-cultures.Through analysis of the connotation of ＂respect＂,we can deepen our understanding of the significance of adhering to the development concept of ＂equality and diversity＂in ethnic education.     

新中国60年民族教育观的变迁与创新

新中国成立60年来,党和国家对民族教育的认识日益深化。在民族教育价值论方面,党和政府不仅重视民族教育对于实现民族平等、增进民族团结和维护国家统一的意义,而且强调了其对于民族地区经济社会发展的价值,将其视为促进民族地区政治、经济、文化、社会和谐发展的基础性工程;在民族教育方法论方面,强调民族教育的改革与发展要实事求是,从民族和民族地区实际出发,因民族、因地区制宜;在民族教育发展战略思路方面,强调要加大对民族教育的投入与扶持力度、实施＂低重心＂的发展战略、大力发展民族师范教育培育合格民族师资、加强对民族教育的组织领导。新中国建立以来民族教育观念的创新与更新,为新中国民族教育的发展提供了认识基础。

Abstract：

In sixty years after the founding of New China,the Party and the state have deepened understanding of ethnic education.In value theory of ethnic education,our party and the state not only attach importance to significance of ethnic education in realizing ethnic equality,enhancing national unity and protecting national integrity,but also lay stress on its value in economic and social development of ethnic regions and regard it as the basic project of promoting harmonious development in politics,economy,culture and society of ethnic regions.In methodology of ethnic education,stress is laid in carrying out reform and development according to reality of ethnic groups and ethnic regions.In development strategy of ethnic education,the emphasis is put on increasing input and support for ethnic education,implementing development strategy of＂low barycentre＂,developing ethnic normal education to cultivate qualified ethnic teachers,and strengthening leadership for ethnic education.Since the founding of New China,innovation and change in ethnic education concept have provided basic understanding for the development of ethnic education in China.     

民族认同：民族基础教育课程知识选择的逻辑起点

民族认同是民族基础教育课程知识选择的逻辑起点。这是由民族认同的主体与民族基础教育课程知识选择主体的同一性、民族认同的客体与民族基础教育课程知识选择客体的共通性、民族认同的目的与民族基础教育课程知识选择目的的一致性、民族认同的依据与民族基础教育课程知识选择依据的等同性所决定的。

Abstract：

Ethnic identity is a logical starting point of selecting course knowledge in ethnic elementary education.It is decided by identical subjects,universal objects,the same goals and equal bases of both ethnic identity and the selection of course knowledge in ethnic elementary education.     

通识教育中的少数民族传统文化教育

高等教育中的通识教育理念及其模式已成为近几年研究的热点问题。少数民族传统文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分,在通识教育中融入少数民族传统文化,既是社会需求对通识教育培养目标所提出的要求,也是民族传统文化传承必不可少的途径之一。探索通识教育中的多元传统文化教育,不仅是高校教育教学改革必须思考的问题,更是维护社会稳定、和谐发展的必要前提。

Abstract：

In higher education,the concept and model of general education has become the concern in recent researches.Traditional culture of ethnic minorities is an important part of the Chinese traditional culture.To integrate traditional culture of ethnic minorities in general education is both the social requirement for the training goal of general education and also one of the indispensable ways to inherit ethnic traditional culture.Exploring education of multi-cultures in general education is not only an issue to be considered in education and teaching reform of higher learning institutions,but also a perquisite for safeguarding social stability and harmonious development.     

我国民族高等教育应加强民族团结教育的探讨

民族团结是我国繁荣发展的重要保证。加强和创新民族团结教育,是新时期民族高等教育的重要使命,也是构建和谐校园和和谐社会的必然要求。

Abstract：

National unity is an important safeguard for prosperous development of China.To enhance and make innovation in education of national unity is not only an important mission of ethnic higher education in the new era but also a prerequisite to building a harmonious society and harmonious campus.     

西方关于青少年族群认同研究的现状和进展

族群认同是少数民族青少年心理发展的重要内容,它和青少年的自尊、社会适应、心理调适、社会行为均有显著的相关。国外在社会认同理论和发展理论的指导框架下,对青少年的族群认同进行了大量的研究。本文对国外青少年族群认同的研究进行了综述,内容涉及西方青少年族群认同研究的理论背景、族群认同的定义和操作化、族群认同的测量等,以期对我国青少年族群认同的研究提供借鉴。

Abstract：

Ethnic identity is an important part of adolescents development for minority ethnic groups,it is significant related to the self-esteem,social-adjustment,social behaviors and so on.Under the guidance of the Social Identity Theory and the Development Theory,there have been a lot of research on this topic among adolescents in western countries.This article gives a overall review on this area,the content contains the background of the theory perspectives,the conceptualization and measurement of the ethnic identity,and suggestions for future study are discussed.     

全语言教育理念对我国少数民族学前双语教育的启示

针对我国少数民族学前双语教育存在的主要问题,在全语言教育理念的指导下,必须正确认识和处理好学前双语教育与学前教育、语言教育与教育语言、汉语与母语、口语与书面语、语言输入与语言输出、正式的语言教育与非正式的语言教育等关系。

Abstract：

To solve the main problems in pre-school bilingual education for ethnic minorities under the guidance of whole language concept,we should properly understand and handle the relations between pre-school bilingual education and pre-school education,language education and educational language,Chinese and ethnic mother tongue,spoken language and written language,language input and language output as well as formal language education and informal language education.     

关于西南三个区域文化传承类型与教育法制保障的思考

通过对土家族、黔东南苗、侗族、安顺屯堡人三个地区文化传承的差异研究,认为家庭教育和社会教育是民族文化传承的重要途径。提出在高校入学考试中用加试民族文化课的加分来代替降分、通过经济杠杆使民族学校从形式到内容名实相符、利用上位法强化民族习惯法,进而传承民族文化。

Abstract：

A study was made on differences in cultural inheritance of the Tujia people,the Miao and Dong people in Southeast Guizhou Province and Tunbao people in Anshun.It is believed that family education and social education are important means to inherit ethnic culture.Suggestions are put forward that in university entrance examination,test on ethnic culture should be given and the score of it be added instead of lowering scores for ethnic students;economic lever be used to make ethnic schools live up to the name;and higher-level law be applied to strengthen ethnic customs so as to inherit ethnic culture.     

构建民族地区双语和谐社会的思考

为了构建民族地区双语和谐社会,语言规划、语言教育政策的制定应本着兼顾少数民族的眼前需要和长远利益的原则,既要考虑语言的工具性及其社会文化功能特点,也不能忽略语言的情感因素和认同功能,鼓励并保障母语与通用语并行使用,支持少数民族地区不同教学模式的学校并存;协调少数民族传统文化与现代经济社会发展的关系,兼顾少数民族精神和物质两方面的需求;有效协调民族认同和国家认同的关系。

Abstract：

In order to build a harmonious society of bilingualism in ethnic regions,language planning and policy for language education should be made in accordance with both immediate need and long term interest of ethnic minorities.In other words,we should take into consideration of the tool function and social and cultural functions of language on one hand;and on the other hand,we should not neglect emotional factor and identity function of language.Efforts should be made to encourage and guarantee the application of both mother tongue and national common language,support coexistence of schools using different teaching models in ethnic regions,integrate traditional culture of ethnic minorities into economic development of modern society,balance spiritual and material needs of ethnic minorities and effectively coordinate relations between ethnic identity and national identity.     

少数民族职业教育的问题构成及对策分析

本文对中国少数民族职业教育的现状、问题进行了分析。其中发现,这些问题的构成与国家整体教育相比既表现了共性的一面又显示出其个性的一面,既有外延的又有内涵的问题。概括地说,表现在共性方面：外延如社会转型所带来的教育适应问题,内涵如教育整体结构失衡问题;表现在个性方面：外延如民族产业结构转型对人力与技术提出了新的要求,内涵如民族职业教育专业落后、形式单一,等等。针对这些问题,本文进行了一定的分析和探讨。

Abstract：

This paper analyzes and discusses the present situation and problems of vocational education for ethnic minorities in China.It shows that the formation of the problems display similarities as well as differences both externally and internally compared with education of the whole country.Generally speaking,the similarities include external ones like educational adaptation to social transition and internal ones like imbalance of integral structure of education.As for differences,the external one is the new requirement for manpower and technology as a result of ethnic industry transition and the internal ones are backward specialty and monotonous form of ethnic vocational education.     

我国高考招生中少数民族考生优惠政策的新思考

在高考招生中对少数民族考生实行的优惠政策是基于历史和现实的社会条件,为尊重民族差异、体现民族平等和教育公平原则而实施的,对于提高我国少数民族教育水平起到了很好的促进作用。但在政策实施过程中也出现了一些问题。反思问题症结之所在,本文提出的对策为：应采取国家统筹与个人自愿相结合的原则招收少数民族考生;应采取入口不限、出口把关、诊断学习、经费包干的策略;应在综合性大学设置民族院系等。

Abstract：

Preferential policy for ethnic minority students in college entrance examination has been implemented on the basis of historical and present social conditions for the purpose of respecting national differences and realizing national equity and fair education.It plays an important role in promoting the level of ethnic education in China.However,there are some problems in the process of implementing the policy.After reflections on the problems,this paper puts forward some countermeasures： in enrolling ethnic minority students,we should take into consideration of both the overall planning of the State and students＇ personal choice,adopt the strategies of open-door enrollment,strict graduation,learning diagnosis and taking responsibility for one＇s own surpluses or deficits,and establish schools or departments of ethnic minority studies in comprehensive universities.     

Modelling of ultrasonic motor with dead-zone based on Hammerstein model structure

The ultrasonic motor （USM） possesses heavy nonlinearities which vary with driving conditions and load-dependent characteristics such as the dead-zone. In this paper, an identification method for the rotary travelling-wave type ultrasonic motor （RTWUSM） with dead-zone is proposed based on a modified Hammerstein model structure. The driving voltage contributing effect on the nonlinearities of the RTWUSM was transformed to the change of dynamic parameters against the driving voltage. The dead-zone of the RTWUSM is identified based upon the above transformation. Experiment results showed good agreement between the output of the proposed model and actual measured output.     

我国民族教育经济研究的回顾与反思

随着经济社会的发展和西部大开发的深化,教育经济研究视野逐步向民族地区拓展并呈现出研究地位渐升、范围渐宽、成果渐多的趋势。民族教育经济研究成果为民族地区教育事业改革和发展作出了重大理论贡献。但其研究还存在前瞻性研究不足、忽视民族地区特殊性和民族性、专门研究人才缺乏和方法缺失等问题。构建完整的研究体系,设立依托中心培养专门研究人才,关注民族教育、文化和经济的联动共生将是民族教育经济研究努力的方向。

Abstract：

With the development of economic society and the further development of the West,studies on educational economy have gradually developed in ethnic regions with higher level,wider range and more achievements,which have made a great theoretical contribution to the reform and development of education in ethnic regions.However,some problems still exist in the research such as lacking foresight,neglecting special and ethnic characteristics of ethnic regions,and lacking research specialists and methods.Efforts should be made in building a research system,setting up centers to train professional talents,and attaching importance to interaction among ethnic education,culture and economy.     

Abstract：

Moral evaluation based on dialogue is the inevitable result of the generation of the dialogue paradigm of moral education in the pluralistic society and the application of the fourth generation of evaluation theory in the educational field. Moral education based on dialogue is a kind of evaluation that is based on educational dialogue. In addition to the general equality and openness for dialogue, the main feature is its educational nature whose main expression is its inner authority. The educational nature makes it possible to achieve the moral education evaluation function based on dialogue. The achievement of moral education evaluation based on dialogue requires us to innovate our evaluation concept fundamentally, constructing the teacher-student relationship that is based on inclusive dialogue, adopting interactive and dialogue-type evaluation, and making a distinction of the three different types of moral education evaluation based on dialogue.     

苗族文字进学校教育体系的百年发展史简述

文字是一个民族走向文明的重要标志,而对文字的使用并纳入学校教育体系则是一个民族在其发展历程中步入社会进步的阶梯。本文以苗族文字从创制到进入学校教育体系的历史脉络为背景,说明民族文字在当今少数民族地区教育发展中的重要性。

Abstract：

Written language is an important symbol of civilization of an ethnic group.Application of written language and integrating it into school education is a step into social progress in the development of an ethnic group.This paper discusses the history of the Miao written language from its creation to its integration into school education system in order to illustrate the importance of ethnic written language in the current edu-cational development of ethnic regions.     

From inclusion to access： Paradigm shifts in special education

From the Salamanca Statement in 1994 to the Dakar Framework in 2000, UNESCO （United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization） has spearheaded an international movement for acceptance, equity and access in the education of students with disabilities. Inclusion, mandated in Salamanca, is considered the first step. Today, the focus is upon the identification and implementation of educational models that ensure access. This article discusses paradigm shifts taking place in special education in schools of the United States that respond to the ideals set forth in these statements： cultural competency, universal design for learning and collaborative models of assessment and instruction. Practices discussed here can provide guidance for educators worldwide as they strive toward the goals of Salamanca and Dakar.     

土家族非物质文化教育传承立法的基本原则

为了更好地发挥教育在土家族非物质文化传承中的作用,就有必要通过教育传承立法来提供制度保障。而土家族非物质文化教育传承立法至少应遵循以下基本原则：传承人教育、学校教育与社会教育相结合原则;专业教育与普及教育相结合原则;教育传承内容的可选择性与濒危土家族非物质文化优先教育传承相结合原则;原真性与可解读性相结合原则。

Abstract：

In order to give a full play to education in inheriting intangible culture of Tujia people,it is necessary to provide a system guarantee through legislation of inheritance through education.Legislation of inheritance of intangible culture of Tujia people in education should adhere to the following basic principles： 1） combining education for inheritors and school education with social education;2） integrating specialty education into general education;3） combining content selection with giving priority to inheritance of endangered Tujia intangible culture through education;and 4） combining authenticity with interpretability.     

嘉绒藏族婚俗中宗教活动的教育功能

在少数民族地区家庭、社会、宗教场所都是不可忽视的教育力量,尤其是婚礼作为嘉绒藏族人生礼仪的重要部分,透过其中宗教活动的分析才能获得藏文化传承的意义和显著价值,才有可能在其本土文化基础上构建更有生命力的教育形式。

Abstract：

In ethnic minority regions,the influence of family,society and religious site on education can never be neglected.Wedding is an important rite in the life of Gyalrong Tibetans.Analysis of religious activities in weddings,we can understand the significance and value of inheriting Tibetan culture and construct more vital forms of education on the basis of its local culture.     

多元文化视野下民族地区高等师范院校音乐教育中的文化选择

为在高等师范音乐教育中实现民族音乐传承的目的,本文通过文献、结构分析和逻辑分析等方法,认为民族地区高师音乐教育应体现文化多元性。然而目前高师音乐教育存在一元与多元的悖论,因此民族地区高师音乐教育要实现从欧洲一元音乐文化体系向民族音乐的多元文化教育体系转变,要重点把握音乐教育活动的基本要素,其中音乐教育者是基础,音乐教育内容是重要环节,音乐受教育者是关键。

Abstract：

Music education in teachers’colleges of ethnic regions is multi-cultural in nature.But there are contradictions between single culture and multi-cultures.In order to develop music education system from single culture to multi-cultures,basic elements in music education activities should be taken into consideration.Among them music educators form the basis,content of music education is an important part and music learners are the key factors.