职业性别刻板印象对高职生学业投入的影响作用

本文采用职业性别刻板印象问卷、专业认同问卷、学业投入问卷对1319名高职学生进行调研,探究职业性别刻板印象对高职学生学业投入的影响作用。研究结果显示高职生的职业性别刻板印象、专业认同、学业投入程度均处于中等偏高的水平,且男性显著高于女性,其中专业认同在职业性别刻板印象与学业投入间起中介作用,且不同性别学生群体间中介效应存在显著差异,证实了性别的调节作用。     

中小学生职业期望中的性别刻板印象及教育应对

中小学生的职业期待中存在明显的性别刻板印象.笔者对性别刻板印象予以分析,并就学校教育应如何帮助学生消除这些性别刻板印象提出了建议.     

中小学生职业期望中的性别刻板印象及教育应对

中小学生的职业期待中存在明显的性别刻板印象。笔者对性别刻板印象予以分析,并就学校教育应如何帮助学生消除这些性别刻板印象提出了建议。     

高校学生管理中的性别刻板印象问题

性别刻板印象在一定程度上反应了男女性别角色的不平等性,同时使这种不平等性固化和合理化。文章通过分析性别刻板印象的内涵以及学生管理工作中性别刻板印象的表现、影响及矫正途径,试图为提高学生管理工作的有效性及教育平等提供一点思考。     

高中生英语-性别刻板印象的研究

为了探寻高中生群体中是否存在英语-性别刻板印象,本文分别采用刘暄(2007)编制的青少年性别刻板印象量表和英语-性别SEB问卷,以四川省绵阳市西平中学高一的150名学生为研究对象,测量其刻板印象和英语-性别刻板印象。研究结果显示:(1)高中生群体中存在着显著的性别刻板印象;(2)高中生对女生有显著的英语-性别刻板印象,即认为女生的英语较好,但是对男生的英语-性别刻板印象不显著,即不认为男性的英语能力偏低。     

小学生“数学性别—刻板印象”研究

数学—性别刻板印象指人们脑海中以为的女生数学成绩不如男生的观点。为了解小学生是否存在数学—性别刻板印象,以及小学生对其外显和内隐态度是否一致,并指导教师数学教学活动的开展,随机抽取集美区东边小学150名学生作为被试者,使用Schmader2004年编制的自陈量表测量小学生外显数学—性别刻板印象,借助E-prime实验软件设计程序,采用GNAT范式测量小学生内隐数学-性别刻板印象。研究结果发现:(1)小学生总体存在外显和内隐数学—性别刻板印象。(2)四年级和六年级学生的外显数学—性别刻板印象存在显著差异。(3)不同性别的小学生外显数学—性别刻板印象不存在显著差异。(4)不同性别和年段的小学生内隐数学—性别刻板印象不存在显著差异。数学—性别刻板印象很容易影响学生学习数学。教师在教学过程中,自身应平等对待每位学生,端正每位学生对待数学学科的态度,正确引导学生对待数学学科的学习。尤其是对女生,数学教师要淡化性别角色意识,努力提高女生的数学学习兴趣和动机。     

学校教育对小学生性别刻板印象发展的影响与塑造

性别刻板印象是被广泛认同的适合于男性女性行为特点的信念。过早或过多地接受性别刻板印象会使儿童将活动及行为限制于与传统性别化角色相符的范围内,造成性别化偏向,阻碍潜力挖掘和全面发展。本文以国外性别教室研究为起点,着重分析学校教育中教师引导、观察学习两大因素对小学生性别刻板印象发展的影响,从如何减少性别刻板印象消极制约学生全面发展的角度提出建立无性别刻板化课堂、培养无性别刻板化学生的若干措施,以期为我国学校教育提供非智力因素教学的新视角。     

性别刻板印象对学生语言表达能力的影响

目前,在学生语言学习和语言表达能力方面,家长和教师有非常明显的性别刻板印象。教师的性别刻板印象对学生的消极影响很大,不仅影响到对学生语言表达能力的学业评价。而且还对学生的性别意识产生不可低估的干扰和影响。男生尤其可能会成为性别刻板印象的受害者。     

性别刻板印象对学校教育的影响及对策研究

从性别刻板印象的概念入手,从性别刻板印象的影响因素开始,分析了学校教育中性别刻板印象的现象及其影响,并针对这些现象及其影响提出了突破学校教育中性别刻板印象的策略。最后,性别刻板印象对学校教育的启示呼之即出。     

教育领域中性别刻板印象研究的成果分析

自20世纪70年代以来性别刻板印象问题已经成为教育领域中的热点研究问题之一.综观国内外的研究成果,主要集中在以下几个方面:儿童青少年性别刻板印象的发展及表现;性别刻板印象对儿童青少年发展影响;性别刻板印象的影响因素;教育者的性别刻板印象及其对儿童的影响;性别刻板印象的去除等.     

Predicting stereotype endorsement and academic motivation in women in science programs: A longitudinal model

This study proposed and tested a model based on stereotype threat theory. The hypothesis is that women who are exposed to a low percentage of women in a science program are more likely to endorse the gender stereotype that science is a male domain, which will in turn undermine their autonomous academic motivation. A total of 167 women university students enrolled in science programs participated in an 18-month longitudinal study. Results partially support our model. Although the low percentage of females in science programs was related to endorsement of the gender stereotype, there was no effect of prior stereotype endorsement on subsequent autonomous academic motivation.     

Gender Stereotyping and Affective Attitudes Towards Science in Chinese Secondary School Students

This study explores explicit and implicit gender‐science stereotypes and affective attitudes towards science in a sample of Chinese secondary school students. The results showed that (1) gender‐science stereotyping was more and more apparent as the specialization of science subjects progresses through secondary school, becoming stronger from the 10th grade; girls were more inclined to stereotype than boys while this gender difference decreased with increasing grade; (2) girls tend to have an implicit science‐unpleasant/humanities‐pleasant association from the 8th grade, while boys showed a negative implicit attitude towards science up to the 11th grade. In self‐report, girls preferred humanities to science, while boys preferred science to humanities; (3) implicit affective attitude was closely related to implicit stereotype. In particular, implicit affective attitude has a stronger predictive power on stereotype than the other way around, the result of which may have more significance for girls.     

对当代大学生性别文化现状的分析与思考

性别文化是一个社会文化内涵的重要组成部分,目前大学生的性别文化发展情况是已经具有了平等意识、主体意识,但是,仍然带有一定的局限性、模糊性和刻板印象。因此,我们要引导大学生树立先进、和谐的性别文化观。     

How gender stereotypes of students and significant others are related to motivational and affective outcomes in mathematics at the end of secondary school

We examined associations between the explicit mathematics-related gender stereotypes of students, parents, teachers, and classmates and students’ motivational-affective outcomes in mathematics (self-concept, interest, anxiety) at the end of Grade 9. Based on representative data from the German Trends in Student Achievement 2018 study (N = 30,019), results of latent multilevel mixture models show that boys’ and girls’ explicit beliefs in the stereotype favoring their own gender in-group (i.e., boys’/girls’ belief that boys/girls do better at mathematics) were related to higher levels of self-concept and interest and to lower anxiety. Parents’ gender stereotypes showed an incremental association with all three outcomes for girls but only with mathematics self-concept for boys. Gender stereotypes of teachers were not related to students’ outcomes. However, classmates’ stereotypes favoring girls or boys in mathematics were negatively associated with outcomes of the positively stereotyped group. Thus, a male student in a classroom with classmates who share the traditional stereotype that boys do better at mathematics than girls would hold a lower self-concept and interest and higher anxiety level after controlling for the beneficial individual association of himself having the same belief and his motivational and affective outcomes. Similarly, a girl’s motivational-affective outcomes would be more favorable in the same environment characterized by the shared traditional stereotype of mathematics as a male domain after controlling for the negative individual association. Shared stereotypes in the classroom could thus trigger social comparison processes to which students are more susceptible than to stereotypes of their teachers.     

Stereotype threat and gender differences in chemistry

Stereotype threat theory (STT) offers one explanation for achievement differences in math and science for both women and minority students. Specifically, STT posits that the perceived risk of confirming a negative stereotype about an individual’s identity group acts as a psychological burden that negatively impacts performance. This study examined the impact of stereotype threat (ST) on gender differences in chemistry achievement, self-efficacy, and test-anxiety using a four-group, quasi-experimental design. 153 introductory-level college chemistry students were randomly assigned to one of four ST conditions including an explicit ST condition, an implicit ST condition, a reverse ST condition, and a nullified condition. Results indicated that there were no gender differences by ST condition; however, overall, the men had higher self-efficacy and lower test-anxiety than the women. An analysis of open-ended questions asking students about their intent to major in chemistry, beliefs regarding barriers to their achievement on the chemistry test, and gender differences in opportunities and mental capacity to achieve in chemistry provided insight into the quantitative results. Implications of our findings for future research on ST are discussed.     

Women students in engineering in Mexico: exploring responses to gender differences

The percentage of women students in engineering in Mexico is still low compared to the percentage of women enrolled in higher education institutions in the country, which has achieved parity with male enrollment. It is thus important to understand how gender can shape the experiences of female college students in engineering programs, which was the focus of this study. Findings for this study are presented in two sections. We first describe how female students have an extra burden dealing with the possibility that their performance might confirm the stereotype of female inferiority in math and science and that they may be judged according to that stereotype. Secondly, we describe the challenges faced by female students in engineering colleges in Mexico, namely, a demanding academic curriculum, and competitive and individualistic environment. This study illustrates how successful female students negotiated the gendered expectations in engineering in Mexican engineering programs, and how they use resistance strategies like academic success to become accepted in the male-dominated engineering environment.     

女性学教学法初探

阐述了通过探索女性学教学法,帮助女大学生消除性别角色刻板观念,逐步培养体现性别公平的现代性别意识。女性学课程的开设在培养和提高女大学生综合素质方面起着重要作用,具有其他课程无法取代的功能。     

The independent contributions of gender stereotypes and gender identification in predicting primary school pupils’ expectancies of success in STEM fields

On the basis of the expectancy‐value theory of achievement, this paper aims to examine the relative contributions of gender‐stereotype endorsement and gender identification on expectancies for success in STEM fields. In a sample of 880 Croatian primary school pupils of approximately 12 years of age, stereotyped beliefs about gender‐appropriateness of STEM‐related professions (stereotype endorsement) and self‐perception as a typical representative of one's gender (gender identification) were first assessed. Participants also reported their expectations for success in each of the STEM‐related professions previously used for establishing stereotype endorsement. Stereotype endorsement and gender identification separately interacted with gender to predict expectancies for success in STEM‐related professions. Higher levels of stereotype endorsement and gender identification fostered stereotype‐consistent expectancies for success in STEM fields (higher expectancies for boys than for girls). Implications are discussed in terms of strategies to encourage girls to engage in STEM‐related careers.     

Persisting in Physics and the Physics Olympiad — Impact of Gender Identification and Sense of Belonging on Expectancy-Value Outcomes

The German Physics Olympiad is an extracurricular science contest for students. Here, they have the opportunity to compete against other talented students, can do physics outside of school, and take a first step to more engagement in the domain. Yet, female students participate in the competition in fewer numbers and are disproportionally more likely to drop out of the contest earlier than the male students.

The present study hence explored the question to which extent the German Physics Olympiad provides a threatening environment for female contestants’ intentions of persisting in physics. A total of 298 participants (28% female) were surveyed with respect to stereotype and social identity threat, as well as gender identification and sense of belonging as predictors of success expectations for and value of choosing to study physics. Success expectations and value of choosing to study physics were used as a measure for career intentions within the expectancy-value model.

The results support the conclusion that the contest presents an equally supporting environment for female and male participants. We found no gender differences in success expectations for and value of studying physics. Sense of belonging and gender identification significantly predicted success expectations but not value of choosing to study physics. Female participants in the German Physics Olympiad were also neither affected by stereotype threat nor by social identity threat in their sense of belonging or gender identification.