延迟性肌肉酸痛产生机制及预防与治疗研究进展

延迟性肌肉酸痛症(DOMS)是大强度运动训练后疲劳的重要机体表现之。本文通过文献资料法,综述了近几年国内对DOMS的研究成果,阐述了DOMS产生的机制、评价及预防和治疗,从整体上了解DOMS。进一步对DOMS研究的四个方面提出观点。     

运动所致迟发性肌肉酸痛的机制

所谓迟发性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)就是进行不习惯运动以后1—5天在肌肉所发生的疼痛和僵硬的感觉。DOMS能从两方面对肌肉运动能力产生有害影响,一方面由于随意用力的减弱,另一方面由于肌肉内部产生力量的能力下降,这种运动能力的下降是暂时的,不出现永久性损害。很多临床表现与DOMS有牵连,其中有血清酶的升高、肌红蛋白血症、肌肉组织学和超微结构的异常,而用力后骨骼肌溶解可能是DOMS的最严重形式。目前对DOMS最好的治疗方法是肌肉活动,虽然运动后这种感觉还会再现,对能引起DOMS的特殊收缩活动进行训练能减少酸痛的反映。DOMS的病因和细胞机制是不清楚的,但有很多假说解释这种现象,有如下的假说1)在肌肉收缩/弹性系统中,由于高张力(尤其伴随离心性运动)造成结构的损害。2)细胞膜的损害导致受害肌纤维Ca~(++)稳定状态的破坏,进而造成坏死,大约在运动后2天坏死达到高峰。3)巨噬细胞活动的产物和细胞内含物在间质中的堆积,刺激了肌肉中Ⅳ类感觉神经的游离神经末稍引起DOMS的感觉。     

延迟性肌肉酸痛的产生机制与防治研究现状

延迟性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）是体育运动中的一种常见现象,是一种特殊类型的肌肉疲劳。随着全民健身运动的开展,体育人口数量增加,DOMS的发病率也逐年上升。DOMS涉及全身多个系统,其机制复杂,病程较长,对感觉和运动功能造成不利影响,从而降低训练效果。近年来,运动与肌肉活动变化的关系备受学者关注,尤其是运动导致的DOMS,已成为运动科学领域研究的热点。目前,学界已对DOMS进行了大量科学研究,但其产生机制和防治方法尚不明确。该文通过查阅大量国内外文献资料,围绕DOMS的产生机制、评定指标、对机体的影响及防治方法进行综述,以期为DOMS的进一步研究提供参考。     

延迟性肌肉酸痛人体模型研究进展

延迟性肌肉酸痛(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, DOMS)人体模型对于研究其发病机制、预防和发展新的治疗方法至关重要。DOMS模型是通过克服自身体重或外界施加负荷完成重复离心运动方案来建立的。建模肌肉包括下肢肌、肘屈肌和躯干肌,其中使用股四头肌的频率最高。等速训练仪建立股四头肌DOMS最为常见和稳定,且不受被试者运动水平的影响。今后的进一步研究应探索特定人群DOMS模型的建立方法。肌肉疼痛和肌肉生理、物理特性以及血液生化指标都不是诊断DOMS的直接指标,不能提供DOMS损伤程度以及恢复过程准确信息,未来的研究可结合超声弹性成像提高诊断DOMS的准确性和可靠性。     

运动性骨骼肌损伤的内稳态研究综述

从功能内稳态(function-specific homeostasis,FSH)角度分析EIMD/DOMS过程影响运动成绩的正常发挥,而防治措施又大多无效这一现象,结果发现力竭运动所致的EIMD/DOMS,骨骼肌蛋白质代谢远离了蛋白质代谢内稳态(protein metabolite specific homeostasis,PmSH),EIMD/DOMS康复延迟,外源性有利因素干预可促进EIMD/DOMS康复;非力竭运动所致的EIMD/DOMS,蛋白质代谢处于PmSH,EIMD/DOMS正常康复,外源性因素对EIMD/DOMS无明显影响作用。     

不同恢复方法对延迟性肌肉酸痛影响的研究综述

运动后身体恢复与训练同样重要,一直深受运动参与人群,特别是运动员的普遍关注。而延迟性肌肉酸痛（Delayedonsetmusclesoreness,DOMS）是运动训练后常见的生理反应,特别是在较高强度运动训练后,DOMS表现得更为明显。因此,众多恢复方法被用于运动后疲劳消除,其目的往往是为了缓解和治疗DOMS。尽管恢复方法众多,但是其效果还不是很清楚,本文探讨了不同恢复方法对DOMS的影响及其操作方法,从而为运动后身体恢复方法的选择提供建议。     

DOMS症疼痛发生与急性炎症的关系及其治疗措施探讨

普遍认为,离心运动性损伤和炎症反应诱发了DOMS(延迟性肌肉酸痛).然而,近来的一些研究结果不支持此假说,DOMS起因的观点受到质疑.通过对离心运动性肌节重塑过程及整合钙离子依赖性蛋白水解酶作用的探讨,试图证实DOMS和离心运动性骨骼肌损伤、炎症反应的关系及其新的治疗措施.     

急性炎症与延迟性肌肉酸痛的关系

延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)是运动员在训练过程中所经常发生的肌肉酸痛感觉,通常发生在超出习惯的运动训练后8～24小时。急性炎症是机体对任何形式组织损伤的综合反应,此反应的主要目的是促进损伤愈合。关于急性炎症与DOMS的关系问题早已引起有关学者的普遍关注,并进行了大量的研究。近年来,随着生物化学、组织化学、肌肉电生理及电子显微镜等新型科学手段的应用,人们对急性炎症与DOMS的关系有了进一步的认识。为掌握有关研究动态,本文就对急性炎症的主要病理变化、急性炎症与DOMS的关系及DOMS发生的主要经过等问题进行综述讨论。     

肌肉酸痛全知道

<正>肌肉酸痛是锻炼过程中经常发生的情况,更严重的是延迟性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）,它会让你在锻炼后的几天里还有肌肉疼痛或僵硬的不适感。本文将回答关于肌肉酸痛、DOMS和你能做些什么的问题。     

离心运动适应机制—肌节重塑与炎症反应关系的研究进展

目的:研究延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)与炎症反引发的关系.方法:文献综述法.内容:运动员训练过程中,不习惯的离心运动均导致延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS).普遍认为离心运动导致的损伤和炎症反应诱发了DOMS.然而,近来的研究不支持此假说,DOMS起因的观点受到质疑.通过离心运动性肌节重塑过程,及整合钙离子依赖性蛋白水解酶作用的相关文章进行综述研究,证实离心运动导致骨骼肌损伤和炎症反应.结论:肌节重塑过程为我们科学训练提供了新思路.     

延迟性肌肉酸痛的研究进展

机体大强度或不习惯的运动,尤其是离心运动,常常会引起肌肉的延迟性酸痛,并在运动后的2~3天达到高峰,伴有一系列的肌肉结构、组织学及生物化学的改变,严重时会影响到人们体育健身及运动训练的效果。有关延迟性肌肉酸痛的研究已有百年的历史,但其产生的病因、机制等至今仍不完全清楚,也没有找到真正有效地清除或减轻肌肉酸痛的方法。通过对国内外相关文献的归纳、分析和综合,对运动性延迟性疼痛的产生机制及防治进展等进行广泛探讨,为体育健身和运动训练提供理论依据。     

Effects of sensory-level high-volt pulsed electrical current ondelayed-onset muscle soreness

Ten healthy males and ten healthy females aged 21.5 +/- 3.2 years (mean +/- s) participated in the study, which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory level-high volt pulsed electrical current (HVPC) on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Arm discomfort, elbow extension range of motion and isometric elbow flexion strength were obtained as baseline measurements. Delayed-onset muscle soreness was induced in the participants' dominant or non-dominant arm using two sets of 20 maximal eccentric elbow flexion contractions. After the induction of DOMS, the participants were randomly divided into an experimental condition (HVPC) or a placebo condition. The experimental condition consisted of 20 min of HVPC immediately after the induction of DOMS, and 20 min every 24 h for three consecutive days thereafter. The participants in the placebo condition received an intervention similar in design; however, no electrical current was administered. Baseline measurements were reevaluated at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the induction of DOMS. Three weeks later, the participants returned and the protocol was repeated on the contralateral limb, using the opposite intervention (HVPC or placebo). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant increase in overall arm discomfort, decrease in elbow extension and decrease in isometric strength for both conditions over time. No significant main effect of treatment, or time-by-treatment interaction, was found for the HVPC condition when compared with the placebo condition for any variable. Sensory-level HVPC, as utilized in our application, was ineffective in reducing the measured variables associated with DOMS.     

Effects of sensory-level high-volt pulsed electrical current ondelayed-onset muscle soreness

Abstract

Ten healthy males and ten healthy females aged 21.5 ± 3.2 years (mean ± s) participated in the study, which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory level-high volt pulsed electrical current (HVPC) on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Arm discomfort, elbow extension range of motion and isometric elbow flexion strength were obtained as baseline measurements. Delayed-onset muscle soreness was induced in the participants' dominant or non-dominant arm using two sets of 20 maximal eccentric elbow flexion contractions. After the induction of DOMS, the participants were randomly divided into an experimental condition (HVPC) or a placebo condition. The experimental condition consisted of 20 min of HVPC immediately after the induction of DOMS, and 20 min every 24 h for three consecutive days thereafter. The participants in the placebo condition received an intervention similar in design; however, no electrical current was administered. Baseline measurements were reevaluated at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the induction of DOMS. Three weeks later, the participants returned and the protocol was repeated on the contralateral limb, using the opposite intervention (HVPC or placebo). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant increase in overall arm discomfort, decrease in elbow extension and decrease in isometric strength for both conditions over time. No significant main effect of treatment, or time-by-treatment interaction, was found for the HVPC condition when compared with the placebo condition for any variable. Sensory-level HVPC, as utilized in our application, was ineffective in reducing the measured variables associated with DOMS.     

Delayed onset muscle soreness: mechanisms and management.

This review describes the phenomenon of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), concentrating upon the types of muscle contraction most likely to produce DOMS and the theories underlying the physiological mechanisms of DOMS. Ways of attempting to reduce the effects of DOMS are also summarized, including the application of physical and pharmacological therapies to reduce the effects of DOMS and training for reduction or prevention of DOMS.     

延迟性肌肉酸痛实验模型及年龄特征分析

研究目的:延迟性肌肉酸痛实验模型设计是其研究的重要组成部分而实验对象年龄也是延迟性肌肉酸痛的影响因素之一,探讨延迟性肌肉酸痛实验模型设计及实验对象的年龄特征,建立更便捷有效的延迟性肌肉酸痛实验模型。研究方法:文献资料法。结果与结论:1)成年人作为研究对象,能承受相对强度较大的运动,实验数据相对稳定,更有利于实验的进行;延迟性肌肉酸痛对老年人骨骼肌是否具有重塑的作用,还有待进一步研究。2)建议以人体的非惯用肢体大强度离心运动为主诱导延迟性肌肉酸痛的实验模型。3)延迟性肌肉酸痛的模型基本基于肢体进行不同负荷、形式的改变进行研究。建议选取可行性较高,操作简单且人为干预较少,诱导酸痛明显的方法,如:纵跳、斜面提踵、负重肘屈伸。4)疼痛识别可采用直观的视觉模拟量表。     

Soreness-related changes in three-dimensional running biomechanics following eccentric knee extensor exercise

Runners often experience delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), especially of the knee extensors, following prolonged running. Sagittal knee joint biomechanics are altered in the presence of knee extensor DOMS but it is unclear how muscle soreness affects lower limb biomechanics in other planes of motion. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of knee extensor DOMS on three-dimensional (3D) lower limb biomechanics during running. Thirty-three healthy men (25.8?±?6.8 years; 84.1?±?9.2?kg; 1.77?±?0.07?m) completed an isolated eccentric knee extensor damaging protocol to elicit DOMS. Biomechanics of over-ground running at a set speed of 3.35?m?s^?1±5% were measured before eccentric exercise (baseline) and, 24?h and 48?h following exercise in the presence of knee extensor DOMS. Knee flexion ROM was reduced at 48?h (P?=?0.01; d?=?0.26), and peak knee extensor moment was reduced at 24?h (P?=?0.001; d?=?0.49) and 48?h (P?<?0.001; d?=?0.68) compared to baseline. Frontal and transverse plane biomechanics were unaffected by the presence of DOMS (P?>?0.05). Peak positive ankle and knee joint powers and, peak negative knee joint power were all reduced from baseline to 24?h and 48?h (P?<?0.05). These findings suggest that knee extensor DOMS greatly influences sagittal knee joint angular kinetics and, reduces sagittal power production at the ankle joint. However, knee extensor DOMS does not affect frontal and transverse plane lower limb joint biomechanics during running.     

急性炎症的病理变化及与延迟性肌肉酸痛的关系

采用文献综述的方法,对急性炎症的主要病理变化、急性炎症与延迟性肌肉酸痛的关系、以及延迟性酸痛发生的经过等问题进行讨论。