End user searching: A Web log analysis of NAVER,a Korean Web search engine

Transaction logs of NAVER, a major Korean Web search engine, were analyzed to track the information-seeking behavior of Korean Web users. These transaction logs include more than 40 million queries collected over 1 week. This study examines current transaction log analysis methodologies and proposes a method for log cleaning, session definition, and query classification. A term definition method which is necessary for Korean transaction log analysis is also discussed. The results of this study show that users behave in a simple way: they type in short queries with a few query terms, seldom use advanced features, and view few results' pages. Users also behave in a passive way: they seldom change search environments set by the system. It is of interest that users tend to change their queries totally rather than adding or deleting terms to modify the previous queries. The results of this study might contribute to the development of more efficient and effective Web search engines and services.     

Known-item searches and search tactics in library search systems: Results from four transaction log analysis studies

A better understanding of users' search interactions in library search systems is key to improving the result ranking. By focusing on known-item searches (searches for an item already known) and search tactics, vast improvement can be made. To better understand user behaviour, we conducted four transaction-log studies, comprising more than 4.2 million search sessions from two German library search systems. Results show that most sessions are rather short; users tend to issue short queries and usually do not go beyond the first search engine result page (SERP). The most frequently used search tactic was the extension of a query (‘Exhaust’). Looking at the known-item searches, it becomes clear that this query type is of great importance. Between 38%–57% of all queries are known-item queries. Titles or title parts were the most frequent elements of these queries, either alone or in combination with the author's name. Unsuccessful known-item searches were often caused by items not available in the system. Results can be applied by libraries and library system vendors to improve their systems, as well as when designing new systems. Future research, in addition to log data, should also include background information on the usage, for example, through user surveys.     

搜索引擎的学术搜索服务及其影响分析

文章介绍了几种主要网络搜索引擎开展的学术搜索服务业务,论述了其运行机理、服务模式,分析了学术搜索对图书馆、专业期刊数据库商等学术信息整合、服务单位及信息服务人员的影响.     

Online health information search and evaluation: observations and semi-structured interviews with college students and maternal health experts

Background: While the Internet is a popular source of health information, health seekers’ inadequate skills to locate and discern quality information pose a potential threat to their healthcare decision‐making. Objectives: We aimed to examine health information search and appraisal behaviours among young, heavy users of the Internet. Methods: In study 1, we observed and interviewed 11 college students about their search strategies and evaluation of websites. In study 2, three health experts evaluated two websites selected as the best information sources in study 1. Results: Familiarity with health websites and confidence in search strategies were major factors affecting search and evaluation behaviours. Website quality was mostly judged by aesthetics and peripheral cues of source credibility and message credibility. In contrast to users’ favourable website evaluation, the experts judged the websites to be inappropriate and untrustworthy. Conclusion: Our results highlight a critical need to provide young health seekers with resources and training that are specifically geared toward health information search and appraisal. The role of health seekers’ knowledge and involvement with the health issue in search effort and success warrants future research.     

CoSearcher: studying the effectiveness of conversational search refinement and clarification through user simulation

Information Retrieval Journal - A key application of conversational search is refining a user’s search intent by asking a series of clarification questions, aiming to improve the relevance of...     

A pilot survey of user satisfaction with the online search service in South West Thames Regional libraries

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Beyond the Google search bar: Evaluating source credibility in contemporary research

Courses: Research Methods, Public Speaking, Communication Theory, any other course that requires college students to engage in a formal research process. Can be conducted in traditional, online, or hybrid courses.

Objectives: In this original single-class activity, students will be able to evaluate source credibility for resources that extend beyond peer-reviewed, published journal articles and books. Through the use of Internet searches and social media outlets, students will engage in an evaluation process that will promote more effective research habits.     

基于元搜索引擎跨库检索中检索协议标准比较研究

基于元搜索引擎的跨库检索可以检索到通用搜索引擎检索不到的网络数据库资源，但必须解决元搜索引擎与数据库独立搜索引擎间通信的协议标准问题。本文对目前这方面主要的三种通信协议标准OpenSearch，SRU和MXG进行了比较研究，以便为基于元搜索引擎跨库检索研究的发展提供一些有益的参考。     

Using the clinical question to teach search strategy: fostering transferable conceptual skills in user education by active learning

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网络信息资源检索策略与方法

国内外众多网站都开辟了有关于检索策略与方法的专栏，本汇集一些具有代表性的网站，以使网络用户系统地学习到网络信息检索方法和技巧。     

For the record: document and record sensibilities of art conservators in the Philippines

In this article the authors present a study of the use of documents by a small group of art conservators in the Philippines. Documents are important for these conservators, but not just, or even primarily, for their role as memory devices. Also important are the functions they play in creating a sense of professional identity, for mediating the tensions created by a bureaucratically structured workplace and an occupation traditionally organised around notions of craftsmanship, and as creators of persuasive evidence for clients.     

网络搜索引擎研究综述(1994～2004年)

从搜索引擎的定义、分类、工作原理、检索功能、评价标准、涉及的知识产权问题等方面综述了网络搜索引擎研究和开发应用所取得的新进展。     

试析文件中心能否在我国推行

件中心作为一种半现行件的管理机构，能否在我国普遍建立和推广，这一问题在档案界存在着较大的分歧。这种分歧在实践上主要表现在：我国已经具备较为完整的机关档案室体系，我们还是否有必要推翻档案室而另建件中心；件、档案分别管理的现状及相对落后的信息（通讯）技术是否会成为推广件中心的障碍等。本意在通过分析我国件中心的实践，其与外国化中心的联系和区别，与基层档案室的关系等，阐明它在我国推行的合理性及实践的方式。     

美国三大检索系统在检索咨询过程中的误差分析

科技论文被著名检索系统收录和被他人引用的情况,往往代表了该论文的学术水平,广泛地受到我国有关部门及学术界的重视,逐渐成为我国科学评价工作中的重要指标。以科技论文被检索系统收录和引用情况的检索成为一大情报需求,各级情报部门以各种方式提供着检索咨询服务。在对检索范围、提供文献检索证明的用语等细节未经规范的情况下,实施检索和咨询的过程中存在着许多误差,本文对这些误差进行了分析并提出了修正建议     

Developing systematic search methods for the library literature: Methods and analysis

Comprehensive yet efficient search methods are essential for any systematic or scoping review. This article outlines the stages of development of a systematic search methodology for a scoping review within the library and information science (LIS) literature. The effectiveness of the database search strategies (LISTA, LISA, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science) and supplemental search techniques are measured through a retrospective analysis of performance metrics. Findings show that for research topics limited to the library setting, it may be more effective to search fewer databases (LISTA and Scopus only) for peer reviewed journal articles and allot more time to alternate search techniques such as web searching to identify non-journal literature. The article provides an evidence-based, methodological approach to developing a systematic search plan, unique to LIS researchers, that accounts for time and resource needs.     

Using MeSH to search for alternatives to the use of animals in research

Searching for alternatives to using animals in research is not a standard service currently offered by most medical research libraries. The goal of this article is to demystify this type of expert search for medical librarians and to do so using a language they know well, that of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus. An attempt is made in this paper to discuss possible search strategies and to include examples of recommended approaches to searching-all in the context of the 3Rs of alternatives: Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction.     

Integrating the imposed query into the evaluation of reference service: A dichotomous analysis of user ratings

A secondary analysis of a user survey administered in 13 public libraries examined user ratings of reference services by transaction type. Transaction type is defined dichotomously as self-generated (users transacting questions they have determined for themselves) or imposed (agent users in the library seeking information on behalf of someone else). Users with self-generated questions rated library services lower than did users with imposed questions. Both groups rated the library experience lower than their reference desk experience, and imposed queries were responsible for proportionately higher “first time” use of the reference desk. No significant difference existed between groups for ratings of finding useful information in the library, finding everything wanted in the library visit, frequency of library use, or levels of attained formal education. There were significant differences found for ratings of the reference librarian's service behaviors, user satisfaction with reference service, and frequency of reference desk use.     

Predicting relevance based on assessor disagreement: analysis and practical applications for search evaluation

Evaluation of search engines relies on assessments of search results for selected test queries, from which we would ideally like to draw conclusions in terms of relevance of the results for general (e.g., future, unknown) users. In practice however, most evaluation scenarios only allow us to conclusively determine the relevance towards the particular assessor that provided the judgments. A factor that cannot be ignored when extending conclusions made from assessors towards users, is the possible disagreement on relevance, assuming that a single gold truth label does not exist. This paper presents and analyzes the predicted relevance model (PRM), which allows predicting a particular result’s relevance for a random user, based on an observed assessment and knowledge on the average disagreement between assessors. With the PRM, existing evaluation metrics designed to measure binary assessor relevance, can be transformed into more robust and effectively graded measures that evaluate relevance towards a random user. It also leads to a principled way of quantifying multiple graded or categorical relevance levels for use as gains in established graded relevance measures, such as normalized discounted cumulative gain, which nowadays often use heuristic and data-independent gain values. Given a set of test topics with graded relevance judgments, the PRM allows evaluating systems on different scenarios, such as their capability of retrieving top results, or how well they are able to filter out non-relevant ones. Its use in actual evaluation scenarios is illustrated on several information retrieval test collections.