A holistic model for assessing organizational interoperability in public administration

Achieving organizational interoperability in public administration is a crucial factor for successful digital transformation, although there are still many challenges and limitations regarding organizational factors. A detailed and comparative review on the evaluation of existing assessment models and tools is provided revealing the need for a holistic assessment. As result of the research, a new model is introduced for organizational interoperability assessment enhancing existing holistic models and corresponding tools with additional attributes. The development process of the new model (MOIA) is presented and the justification of alignment with the corresponding recommendations of the new European Interoperability Framework (EIF) is described. An incremental methodological approach of evaluation waves is followed to assess the additional attributes required to consider barriers and concerns regarding organizational interoperability. The Greek Electronic Public Procurement System (ESIDIS) used as the case study to validate the use of the model and calculate model's attributes weights.     

Publishing and the digital library: adding value to scholarship and innovation to business

Sydney eScholarship is a framework and suite of services that enables integration of digital collections, open access repositories, and research data services with scholarly publishing. The primary platform for scholarly publishing at the University of Sydney – Sydney University Press – currently operates as part of the University Library's Sydney eScholarship program. Three sets of publishing initiatives demonstrate the integration of the digital library with scholarly publishing to deliver different forms to different audiences: (i) new publishing and the literary canons – rediscovery, customisation and critical interpretations; (ii) book and web – open access publishing; (iii) publishing in the mix – data and experimental scholarly publishing.     

欧洲国家的图书馆政策研究

欧洲国家图书馆政策制定的形式包括图书馆立法、行政法规、行业发展规划、行业内部政策与规范。政策涉及的主要领域有公共图书馆设置标准、经费保障、图书馆服务、古籍保存、数字资源长期保存、开放存取、信息资源共建共享及其他与图书馆相关的呈缴本制度、版权政策等。欧洲图书馆政策的价值取向体现为保障公民平等自由获取信息的权利、完整保存本国的知识记录和文献资源、提升在信息领域的国家竞争力,以及促进信息资源的共建共享。表1。参考文献26。     

几种典型的数字图书馆互操作协议分析比较

互操作是数字图书馆的根本问题,其目标是共享数字图书馆的资源和服务.本文针对数字图书馆应用层的互操作,分析讨论了几种典型的数字图书馆互操作协议,并对其特点进行了比较,最后简单讨论了设计数字图书馆互操作协议时应遵循的基本原则.     

A stigma power perspective on digital government service avoidance

The digital-by-default policy for government services implemented in many European countries can pose challenges to marginalized citizens, such as people with disabilities. Prior research on electronic inclusion and the digital divide has mainly considered technology-related concerns, such as Internet anxiety, preventing people with disabilities from using digital government services. Yet, these concerns may insufficiently account for the fact that people with disabilities may suspect that governments provide new services only to reduce costs and forgo the need for more meaningful social change. Therefore, we draw from stigma power theory to understand how perceptions of stereotyping and discrimination contribute to the avoidance of digital government services among people with disabilities. Our results indicate that overcoming underutilization of digital government services among people with disabilities requires a holistic approach by addressing technology-related as well as stigma-related concerns.     

知识组织的工具及其语义互操作方法体系

网络环境下,知识组织所用的工具主要是各类知识组织系统,同时知识组织系统之间的互操作已成为知识组织研究和应用中的热点问题。文章在分析知识组织工具的基础上重点阐述了传统知识组织工具以及本体为代表的现代知识组织工具的语义互操作方法,以期为图书馆等信息机构在进行数字资源整合、资源共享和知识服务时提供参考。     

数字图书馆建设中的战略管理

论述数字图书馆建设战略管理的意义、作用,认为数字图书馆建设管理的实施过程可分为战略分析、战略选择和战略实施三个阶段。分析和探讨数字图书馆建设战略管理的环境、内部能力、组织结构和业务流程重组等环节,并介绍国外相关的两个成功案例。     

A conceptual framework for digital tax administration - A systematic review

Tax administrations worldwide have become highly digitised with a diverse and sophisticated array of e-services to enhance the taxpayer experience. Nevertheless, given the high rates of failure of e-government services, it is critical to understand the factors that are essential to the success of a digital tax system. Drawing on a systematic review of ninety-six publications across the digital taxation, taxation, and information systems (IS) literature, a comprehensive conceptual framework is developed to improve our success of digital services in tax administration.The conceptual framework identifies fifteen themes for consideration by policymakers when designing digital services in tax administrations clustered around four categories – Context, Stakeholders, Technology and Demonstrated Results. The framework should also serve as a reference point in successfully developing strategies and measures to embed digital services in tax administrations. Future research directions are also proposed based on the conceptual framework that will help advance our understanding of digital services in tax administration beyond technology acceptance models.     

消除数字鸿沟提高信息素养——以上海社区图书馆为例

尽管近几年来在许多发达国家和发展中国家信息环境有了很大的改善，但数字鸿沟仍没有缩小的迹象。图书馆在消除数字鸿沟中将起到核心的作用。本文通过上海地区公共图书馆电子服务，展示图书馆员与其他社会和教育工作者一起共同承担着提高市民信息素养的重任。图书馆员将以自己的知识、技能和专业精神，在消除数字鸿沟、创造数字机会中扮演重要的角色。     

Building Digital Resources: Creating Facilities at INSA

Today libraries are at a transition phase where twin processes of paper-based environment and changing information-seeking patterns in the electronic/digital environment go hand-in-hand. Hence, all components of the information chain are in a state of flux. The rapid growth in computer and communication technologies have greatly benefited the advanced countries, while the developing countries have not adequately reaped the benefits of such facilities to the desired extent. The application of information technology (IT) in India started on a very modest scale. During the past decade or so several Indian libraries have initiated activities to create, acquire, and provide access to electronic resources. The establishment of networks has had a great impact on libraries and information centers (LICs) in the country, and have further buttressed the IT applications in the LICs to a certain extent. The emergence of the Internet, especially the World Wide Web (www), added a new dimension to information creation and delivery, which also globally triggered digitization programs. Buying access or acquiring digital resources started taking root. The digitization of records (document management) crept in, which attracted librarians and people from other professional backgrounds into records management. This was followed by content management, (currently a popular phrase in this part of the world), also known as digitization. The digitization of documents is now becoming a major activity in libraries and archives. The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a premier scientific body engaged in the dissemination of information to the scientific community at large, publishing and promoting scientific endeavors, besides having other multifaceted human welfare-oriented activities. The growing acceptance of digital media has resulted in libraries buying and providing access to Internet resources, acquiring CD-ROM-based data-sets, and providing services for stand alone or networked CD-ROM environments, and digitizing documents. The Academy library facilitates all three. The Academy has initiated several digitization initiatives for content development and management by way of the scanning of publications, image management, and conversion from digital documents to web-enabled resources. The Academy has adopted a three-pronged approach of providing access to digital resources, and acquiring and creating digital resources, for which INSA suitably augments with IT infrastructures and takes initiatives to provide links to requisite data sets for the benefit of its users. INSA developed and provided IT facilities at a modest scale to its users at a time when only a limited few had developed such facilities in the country. The facilities developed at INSA augur well with the initiation of pilot and sponsored projects pertaining to digitization of records and making provision for creating digital resource bases, thereby contributing to the national digital repository on the one hand and providing access and visibility to national resources on the other. The article dwells upon various elements that have contributed to providing services in the changing information seeking patterns of users in the electronic environment, and the building of digital resource bases, while facilitating others to get involved in digital content creation activities. It is hoped that such endeavors shall help in the building up of a national digital knowledge resource base for the country, and INSA would in the process act as a facilitator.     

Addressing territorial digital divides through ICT strategies: Are investment decisions consistent with local needs?

Governments around the world are investing a great amount of resources on the development of an information society. These investments are particularly important as an attempt to close digital divides among countries and regions within countries. However, there is no clear evidence that suggests that current Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policies are helping align investments with the actual needs of the local contexts. Based on data about the allocation of 2014–2020 EU Funds, this paper analyzes the relationship between local needs and investment decisions aiming at bridging territorial digital divides. The results identify four different regional strategies developed around four policy goals: broadband, digital inclusion, digital government services, and the use of ICTs in enterprises. The results also show that unlike the past 2007–13 period, the allocations to these goals appear to be consistent with the ICT local context, i.e. funding for a given goal is higher in the regions that need it the most. Therefore, our main recommendation for the European Commission and Member States is to keep existing requirements for developing evidence-informed “Digital Growth” strategies for the next 2021–27 period. We also suggest to strengthen existing support tools for regional governments.     

Assessing information security risks in the cloud: A case study of Australian local government authorities

Cloud computing enables cost-effective and scalable growth of IT services that can enhance government services. Despite the Australian Federal Government's ‘cloud-first’ strategy and policies, and the Queensland State Government's ‘digital-first’ strategy, cloud services adoption at local government level has been limited—largely due to data security concerns. We reviewed the ISO 27002 Information Security standard with extant literature and found that operational security, individual awareness and compliance matters pose more significant government challenges than the often-highlighted technical and process-oriented cloud security requirements. This study identifies and explores the critical factors associated with information security requirements of cloud services within the Australian regional local government context. We conducted 21 field interviews with IT managers, and surveyed 480 IT staff from Australia's 47 regional local governments. We propose a conceptual cloud computing security requirements model with four components – data security; risk assessment; legal & compliance requirements; and business & technical requirements – in order to promote a balanced view on cloud security for governments. Using this model, governments can work together to demand uniform security requirements for adopting cloud services.     

Analyzing digital divide within and between member and candidate countries o f European Union

The main purpose of this study is to analyze whether a digital divide exists among European Union (EU) members, new members, and candidate countries. Beyond this, the second goal is to find out if a digital divide has a significant association with the process of becoming an EU member. First, member, new member, and candidate countries are classified into three groups, and MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) is applied to determine differences among these groups in terms of Information Society levels. Then, Information Society variables are analyzed using Discriminant Analysis. According to the results of the research, there is a significant level of digital divide in the EU and a certain information society level currently is not associated with EU membership. The EU must address the digital divide among member countries if they are to become a close-knit community, and to continue to be one of the most competitive economic powers in the world. Finaly, the EU might consider using information society level as an objective criteria along with other objective and subjective criteria currently being used as EU membership criteria.     

Medical library services in Switzerland: catching up with EBM

The feature is a part of the series about medical library services in various countries. It gives an overview of medical library services to support research, education and clinical practice in Switzerland. Data were collected by means of an online survey and set in the wider context of the Swiss healthcare system. Key findings are that library services, including support by academic librarians, are provided to health care staff in hospitals – both university and others, while there is no information service infrastructure to serve the large number of GPs and specialists who mostly run their own practice. The authors recommend that – if the health authorities take EBM seriously – information services should be introduced for these small practices. J.M.     

Using digital libraries to provide online access to social science journals in Latin America

There is a strong history of social science research within Latin America, but its visibility (both within and outside the region) has been low for reasons of language and print distribution. The introduction of the Internet and online publication makes this information potentially more visible to the global research community, and within Latin America several organizations have undertaken to exploit this opportunity. The approaches taken show how collaboration between countries, and particularly between librarians and publishers, can provide innovative solutions. The CLACSO project uses a digital library model as a publishing platform for its member journals and this has provided a successful – and hopefully sustainable – model.     

Proactivity in digital public services: A conceptual analysis

Public organizations are looking for new ways to use digital technologies to increase the efficiency of their internal processes and improve their interactions with clients, whether citizens or businesses. In response, scholars suggest that public organizations be proactive in digital public services such that the organizations approach their clients, rather than the other way around. In the most extreme form of proactivity, clients do not have to do anything to receive a public service. Although various examples of proactive public services are in use, how proactivity changes the conceptual understanding of digital public services remains unclear. Therefore, we derive the changes that proactivity causes in a conceptualization of digital public service by means of a conceptual analysis through the lens of a seminal theoretical work on proactivity. The results indicate that proactivity can ensure equal accessibility to a subset of public services, rely on more comprehensive integration of IT systems on the back end, and change how value is co-created in the service process. We formulate the changes as propositions that future work can investigate empirically and discuss proactive digital public services as a way to reduce clients' administrative burden. We contribute to theory by clarifying the conceptual changes in digital public services that proactivity invokes and call for joint research by scholars of public administration, information systems, and service management to relate the research streams of administrative burden and proactive digital public service.     

城乡图书馆信息服务的创新之举——上海东方社区信息苑的探索与实践

以2006年荣获第二届文化部创新奖项目--上海东方社区信息苑探索与实践的创新思路,阐述作为世界级城市的上海在推进城市图书馆公共服务与城乡文化信息服务(社区数字图书馆)的协调发展上的成功经验.以期对各地图书馆公共信息服务发展有所借鉴.     

分布式参考咨询服务标准与规范研究与应用

根据网上数字参考咨询服务发展，介绍了国内外主要的数字(或网上)参考咨询服务系统的问答内容创建、对象描述、知识组织、数据存取传递、专家信息管理、协作馆信息管理、服务流程管理、质量控制、知识产权管理、个人隐私控制等方面的标准规范的研究和发展。讨论了国家科学数字图书馆分布式参考咨询服务和管理标准规范研究和规定。     

学术图书馆研究数据服务的多元路径

[目的/意义] 对学术图书馆现有的不同数据服务路径进行研究,为国内其他图书馆探索数据服务提供路径与模式的参考。[方法/过程] 以前期对14所学术型专业图书馆综合服务、15所高校图书馆数字学术服务、3所加拿大高校图书馆数据服务的调研为基础,总结归纳图书馆数据服务的5种主要路径：数据平台与数据服务、"一站式"资源发现系统与数据发现、整合型数字学术空间与数据服务、开放数据资源导航与数据服务、综合性数据咨询与支持服务,分别围绕5种路径进行典型案例研究并思考需要进一步研究的问题及解决方案。[结果/结论] 不同服务路径各有优劣及适用性条件,彼此之间既可独立存在、又可协同发挥作用;5种路径都有其存在的价值和必要性,任意一种数据服务路径的存在都有助于构建完整的数据服务体系,帮助图书馆在与出版商、信息技术与服务机构等的竞争与合作中更好地占据数据服务的"领地",把握数据服务的主动权。