STATISTICAL REPORT ON UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION

A statistical report entitled “The Condition of Education ‐‐ 1977” prepared by the United States National Centre for Educational Statistics outlines the general climate of education in the United States, educational activities, institutions and participants. A unifying theme of the report is an examination of the levels of opportunity, participation and results of education among different groups of the United States population. A substantial portion of the report is devoted to trends in United States education as detailed in the information below.     

以建设为核心的高职高专评估体系解析

教育评估的本质是价值判断。教育工作是培养人的社会活动，承担着为国家和社会培养建设者、劳动者、管理者的根本任务，以满足学生、社会、国家的需要为价值取向。文章认为，2003年教育部启动的为期五年的高职高专人才培养工作水平评估，是结合我国高职高专教育的实际环境，以促进建设为核心的评估活动。从评估指导方针、方案的选择、指标体系构建、评估过程、评估后续工作等都充分体现出建设性特征，通过这次评估活动把高职高专院校建设工作引入规范化道路。     

总结性评估:“承前”,还是“启后”

2003年在徐州召开的全国“高校远程教育专业委员会年会暨中央电大‘人才培养模式改革与开放教育试点’研讨会”会议认为,教育部将原来确定的2005年对全国电大进行的“人才培养模式改革与开放教育试点研究项目”“终结性评估”改为“总结性评估”,这一细微的名称变化表明,本次评估并不意味着全国电大“人才培养模式改革与开放教育试点研究”的结束,相反,它说明,电大系统的远程开放教育的发展将走上一个可持续发展道路,本次评估在我国远程开放教育事业的发展中,起着一个“承前启后”的历史作用。     

Cerebral hemisphere asymmetry: Methods,issues, and implications

This is the seventh ERIC/ECTJ Annual Review Paper, preparation of which was supported by the ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) Clearing-house on Information Resources, Syracuse University. The material in this article was prepared pursuant to a contract with the National Institute of Education, U.S. Department of Education. Contractors undertaking such projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their judgment in professional and technical matters. Points of view or opinions do not necessarily represent the official view or opinion of the NIE. - Ed. The author’s own research discussed in this article was supported in part by research grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and from the National Science Foundation.     

职教标准化工作下扬州高职教育风险点特征与防范研究

我国重视标准化工作并颁发相应法规。教育部颁发《关于完善教育标准化工作的指导意见》与国务院印发《国家职业教育改革实施方案》,要求构建职业教育“国家标准”,地方职业教育的推进必须遵循国家发展战略。文章简述了职业教育标准化工作趋势,指出了扬州高职教育存在的风险点特征,并提出了从标准化工作认知、组织化程度、抢占实践先机等方面进行风险防范的建议,以适应职业教育国际化方向。     

Economic growth and the international trade in educational reform

Summary The decline in foreign assistance for eduacation can be considered a tragedy. On the other hand, the elevation of education in domestic debate and the increase in trade of professional ideas on educational reform might be considered a benefit. The adjustment to these new functions on the part of development assistance agencies and international agencies familiar with the traditional rationales for educational investment will be difficult, however, in the end, their successful adjustment will be good for the field of education. Original language: English Stephen P. Heyneman (United States of America) Lead Education Specialist serving countries in the Europe and Central Asia region of the World Bank. After teaching and research in Africa, he completed a doctorate degree at the University of Chicago. He has been president of the Comparative and International Education Society, a member of the board on International Comparative Studies in Education of the United States National Academy of Sciences, and a lecturer at American University and the University of Maryland. On behalf of the World Bank, he has advised senior educational officials in many different countries and other international institutions on educational programmes.     

试论孙中山之考试权独立思想

考试权独立思想是孙中山王权宪法理论的重要内容之一，它是在批判西方民主国家选举制度流弊和借鉴中国古代科举制度方式方法的基础上形成的。就其内容来说，主要包括两个方面：第一，为了确保考试选官的真正公允，考试权必须独立，与立法、行政、司法等机构处于平等的地位；第二，考试制度应推广至如西方文官制度中的政务官，即侯选人需经过考试才能取得被选举为人民公仆的资格。孙中山这一思想，具有鲜明的时代特色和阶级斗争属性，以及明显的个人意志的烙印，在20世纪中华民族的伟大变革中，具有重要的历史意义，同时也反映了他本人作为资产阶级革命家的局限性。     

民国时期西南地区的边疆教育研究

国民政府为实现民族同化，而重视边疆教育。国民政府教育部颁布了许多法令，制定计划大纲，专门成立了教育部蒙藏教育委员会、蒙藏教育司，负责边疆教育事项，并在边疆各省建立了各级边疆学校。边疆地方政府也兴办了大量的边疆学校，培养边疆人才。民国时期的边疆教育，不仅仅是学校教育，也包括社会教育。     

Supporting the Ordinary School

In the wake of the Education Act 1981, the Department of Education and Science commissioned three major research studies. These were concerned respectively with: in-service training (Manchester University and Huddersfield Polytechnic); the implementation of the Act (London University Institute of Education); and support for the ordinary school (National Foundation for Educational Research). All the studies were completed by 1986, and numerous publications have resulted from them. Dr Seamus Hegarty, deputy director at the Foundation, summarises findings from the NFER study.     

The Teaching of French as a Mother Tongue

The 14th International Week of Educational and Teaching Films organised this year, as in 1976, for ICEM, by the Belgian Ministry of National Education and Culture, took place from 17 to 21 April in the Quality Inn Hotel, Antwerp. It was attended by 80 participants, the strong European contingent being joined by North Americans, Kuwaitis, Australians and Japanese.     

BUDAPEST: INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

An International Seminar on Educational Technology, organized by the Hungarian National Centre for Educational Technology with the support of UNESCO and the United Nations Development Prograrrme (UNDP), was held in Budapest from 4 to 9 October 1976. The seminar adopted various recommendations concerning the improvement of information exchange on educational technology, the research in this field, and the possibilities for international co‐operation regarding educational audio‐visual material. We give below information on the main topics of discussion and conclusions at this meeting. (For CEPES participation at this meeting see page 33 in this issue.)     

试论刘皑风的教育思想

刘皑风是一位革命教育家。抗日战争和解放战争时期 ,曾任晋察冀边区行政委员会教育处处长、华北人民政府教育部副部长。新中国成立后 ,历任高等教育部、教育部副部长等职务。刘皑风关于儿童教育、小学生生活指导、教育与生产劳动相结合以及论小学教师等教育思想 ,对革命根据地和新中国教育的发展起到了奠基的作用。     

清前期地方政府对科举经费的管理与监督

在清代,除了中央政府直接管理的科举经费之外,还下放一定的权力让地方政府管理部分科举经费。具体而言,一方面地方政府采取效率制度和宾兴礼仪两种型式管理奏销的科举经费;另一方面又通过一系列的制度创新和组织创新尽可能地将官员、士绅和商人等社会各阶层手中的闲散资金转变为外销科举经费,最大限度地弥补了奏销科举经费在维护科举制运作过程中的不足。     

唐代制举的形成及其特点

唐代制举是皇帝亲诏临时设置的唯策取士的制度,经历了沿袭传统的问对口试到定型为分科笔试的演变过程,于高宗显庆时完全纳入科举取士体制。《唐会要》有关制举的记载,比较全面地反映了制举年代、科目和登科者三个要素,对于了解唐代制举主要科目的设置情况和考试结果,最为直观可据。唐代制举考试的方式,有别于科举取士的其他考试,突现了选拔非常人才的广泛性和特殊性。唐代制举既是整个科举取士体制的一部分,又自成相对独立的系统,皇帝亲临主考、唯令试策和举选合一,乃是三个最为显著的特点。     

Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于加快教育考试机构专业化建设的思考

加快教育考试机构的专业化建设,提高其服务能力和水平,既是《教育规划纲要》的要求,也是自身适应未来发展的必然趋势。本文对国内外知名教育考试机构的专业化建设进行了研究,阐释了加快教育考试机构专业化建设的必要性,并根据我国教育发展的新形势和考试招生制度改革的目标任务,对加快教育考试机构专业化建设应把握的基本方向和实现途径进行了探讨。     

Equality,quality and quantity: challenges in inclusive education policy and service provision in India

Despite government efforts to provide services for children with disabilities in line with recommendations from international aid agencies, the 2003 Census of Individuals with Disabilities found that over 90% remain unserved. This paper identifies some of the limitations of these efforts in the context of the census findings, with particular reference to the issues of under‐representation of specific groups and identification. The 2003 Education For All (EFA) programme and recent policy initiatives, the Right to Education Bill 2005, the Action Plan for Inclusion in Education of Children and Youth with Disabilities (IECYD) 2005 and the National Policy for Persons with Disabilities 2006, are examined for their responsiveness to these concerns.     

全面推进加快实施现代远程教育工程

现代远程教育这种新型教育方式正以革命性的姿态迅速发展,并已成为我国政府在新世纪里全力推进的一项“教育基础工程“.文章从全国发展的宏观战略高度,对这项“国家工程“中的目标项目的构成,高校试点工作的任务、运作及尚需解决的问题等方面作了全面阐述,以此为参照,对中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点项目“的评估工作提出了具体的要求和希望.     

深圳市教师教育技术能力培训效果的调查研究

本文采用网上问卷调查法,重点从主讲教师教学情况的评价、培训平台的评价、培训教材的评价、培训课程配套资源的评价等方面进行调查,以调查所获得的数据为依据,总结了深圳市中小学教师教育技术能力培训的效果,分析了产生该效果的原因,并据此对下一阶段教育技术能力培训工作提出建议.     

Some challenges for educational research in Latin America

Founding director of the Centro de Estudios Educativos (Centre for Educational Studies) in Mexico City and of the Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos(Latin American Journal of Educational Studies). He was in charge of the National Programme of Educational Research of the National Council for Science and Technology. He now carries out research at the Regional Centre for Adult Education and Functional Literacy for Latin America. His recent publications include: La política de alfabetización de seis países latinoamericanos, Participatory Research: A New Research Paradigm?and Elementos para una propuesta orientada a elevar la calidad: La enseñanza tutorial.