Science Letters：Equivalent thickness of materials of fused silica and stainless steel in the flow of microtubes

Over the past decade, significant attention has been paid to flow in microtubes due to the develop- ment in micro fluidic devices and systems. The un- derstanding of flow characteristics such as pressure drop is important in the design and process control of microfluidic devices. However, experimental evidence indicates sig- nificant departure of flow characteristics from the predictions of conventional theory for smaller di- ameter microtubes. Pfahler et al.(1991) observed that as the channel…     

流场可视化的便携式烟风洞装置

文章介绍了一种整体长度为0.64m,重约为4kg,轻巧、便携的烟风洞装置的特点.该装置有着良好的烟气发生装置和烟气流动质量,方便的燃油补充机构和试件磁力固定结构,是流体力学学科中一种较完美的教学工具.轻巧的结构使得这种烟风洞装置可以很方便地携入教室用于教学演示.各种研究对象在风洞中的绕流情况可以很好地用高质量的数字照片显示出来,这些照片如圆柱绕流,平面叶栅的流线分布,都能较好地反映了流体力学流动基本规律;同时,通过对一个模型汽车所进行的流体力学数值计算（FLUENT）与实验对比,其结果显示出它们的流动状态吻合较好,说明这种便携式烟风洞的良好性能.     

均布载荷作用下悬臂不可压饱和多孔梁的非线性变形

Nonlinear bending of cantilever incompressible poroelastic beams subjected to a uniform load is investigated with the constraint that fluid flow is only in the axial direction. The governing equations for large deflection of the poroelastic beam are derived from theory of incompressible saturated porous media. Then, nonlinear responses of a cantilever beam with impermeable fixed end and permeable free end are examined with the Galerkin truncation method. The deflections and bending moments of the poroelastie beam and the equivalent couples of the pore fluid pressures are shown in figures. The differences of the results between the large deflection and the small deflection theories are analyzed. It is shown that the results of the large deflection theory are smaller than those of the small deflection theory, and the time needed to approach their stationary states for the large deflection theory is shorter than that for the small deflection theory.     

多孔生物玻璃陶瓷的生物相容性研究

通过制备模拟体液来模拟人体环境对制备的多孔生物活性陶瓷进行生物相容性测试,将模拟体系温度、pH分别控制在36．5±1．5℃、7．3±1．5。将制备的多孔生物陶瓷浸泡在1．0倍与1．5倍的模拟体液中,分别培养2,4,6d。通过SEM观察培养之后多孔陶瓷材料的表面发现：培养生物玻璃多孔材料生长的羟基磷灰石状况良好,随着在模拟体液中生长时间的增加,生物玻璃矿化产生羟基磷灰石含量剧增以及磷灰石形貌发生变化。培养2d磷灰石在材料表面以及多孔内部延伸,羟基磷灰石生长尺寸可达到20μm,随时间延长玻璃表面生长出尺寸为10—100μm的树枝状结构磷灰石,培养6d有形状规则的片状磷灰石生成,尺寸达到100μm以上。     

漆酚甲醛缩聚物乳液的研制

用漆酚基乳化剂（UE）将漆酚甲醛缩聚物（UFP）乳化为水包油（O／W）型的稳定水基分散体系．研究了乳化温度、UE用量及UE结构对相反转乳化过程的的影响,并用乳液体系电导率变化和黏度变化表征了相反转乳化过程．实验结果表明,以漆酚基乳化剂UEl0B为乳化剂,利用相反转技术可得到稳定的漆酚甲醛缩聚物水性乳液．当UE10B与UFP的质量比r≥10％,乳化温度为40℃时,可将漆酚甲醛缩聚物乳化为稳定的水基化分散体系．所制得漆酚甲醛缩聚物乳液粒子为多孔结构的5～20μm微球,孔的尺寸小于1μm．     

Numerical study on viscosity reduction in mining heavy oil by circulating hot water

Viscosity reduction is an important process in mining heavy oil.To predict the temperature variation and viscosity variation of heavy oil in flow direction,computational fluid dynamics(CFD) was adopted to simulate the process of heat transfer and flow in this paper.Moreover,an objective function,namely viscosity reduction efficiency,was established to analyze the effect of viscosity reduction.The results indicate that circulating hot water can reduce viscosity significantly,and that the effect of viscosity reduction depends on the inlet temperature and inlet volumetric flow rate of hot water.There is a maximum temperature of heavy oil in flow direction.With the inlet volumetric flow rate of 2.0m3/h and the inlet temperatures of 60,℃,70,℃ and 80,℃,viscosity reduction efficiencies are 94.6%,96.7% and 97.3%,respectively.With the inlet temperature of 70,℃ and the volumetric flow rates of 1.5m3 /h,2.0 m3/h and 2.5m3/h,viscosity reduction efficiencies are 94.4%,96.7% and 97.2%,respectively.     

冲落式坐便器冲水过程三相流动数值仿真

为了数值分析坐便器产品的冲水性能,根据坐便器产品的几何特征、冲水特点及性能评价标准,提出了等效污物的概念。将实际冲水过程气-液-固三相模型简化为气-液1-液2三相流动过程,并利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件的多相流模型(VOF)实现了冲落式坐便器冲水排污过程的数值仿真。分析了等效污物相的分布状况及其粘度与残余量的关系,进而提出了建立基于等效污物的坐便器冲水性能数值标准方法的初步设想。     

圆锥形收敛流道中流体动能的理论解析：

根据塑料发泡中复杂流场流体动能气泡成核理论,对圆锥形收敛流道中的流体动能进行了理论解析。通过圆锥形收敛流道的流场分析,经过大量推导,得出了该种流道中流体剪切能、流体延伸能及流体总动能的理论解析。可以进一步用来定量分析圆锥形收敛流道中塑料熔体的气泡成核。     

Area method analysis and thermodynamic behavior of nonmetallic micro-inclusions in casting slab of GCr15 bearing steel

The distribution and characteristics of nonmetallic micro-inclusions of GCrI5 bearing steel were explored through metallographic area method in virtue of tracer method and electronic microscope.The results show that the micro-inclusions,of which the average value is 0.032%,are mainly the compounds formed via the adsorption/aggregation of multielement deoxidized compounds and secondarily deoxidized products on tundish liquid level.The micro-inclusions of diameters from 0 to 5 μm are 92.5% in total,which basically determines the characteristics of inclusions distribution in casting slab.The inclusions of diameters more than 10 μm only account for less than 1% in total,which have little influence on steel quality.The relationship between equilibrium compositions of the first deoxidation products and molten steel compositions was also calculated based on thermodynamic theory.     

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady-State Flowsin Bubble Column Reactors

Thebubblecolumnreactor (BCR) ,withbatchfeedandcontinuousgasaerated ,hasobtainedwideapplica tionsinbiochemicalengineering ,chemicalengineeringandwastewatertreatment ,etc .OneimportantfeatureofBCRisthattheconversionandtheyieldofthereactioncanbehighlyincreasedundertheunsteady stateopera tion .Sincethemassandtheheattransferpropertiesinaprocessmainlydependontheflowbehavior ,itisstronglydesirabletoinvestigatetheunsteady stateflowstructurebeforethedesignandscale upofBCRwithhighreactiveconversionsa…     

The Applications of Equivalent Effect Theory in Publicity-oriented C/E Translation

The article illustrates the publicity-oriented Chinese English translation based on the Nida's equivalent effect theory.Due to the feature and significance of publicity-oriented literature, it could be well served by equivalence theory.The article introduces the feature of publicity literature and Nida's equivalence theory, then, indicates some translation problems.The article also claims the corresponding Chinese-English translation strategies in publicity-oriented materials by using equivalent effect theory.     

Analysis of 1D consolidation with non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient

Numerous experiments have shown that the water flow in fine-grained soils can obey an exponential relationship at small gradients and a linear relationship when the hydraulic gradient exceeds a certain limit. Based on the non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient, the theory of 1D consolidation is modified in this paper to consider a linear variation in the vertical total stress with depth and the effect of ramp loading. The numerical solutions were derived in detail by the finite difference method for excess pore water pressure and the average degree of consolidation. Finally, the influence of various parameters on consolidation behavior was investigated. The results show that the rate of consolidation is reduced when non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient is adopted in the theory of 1D consolidation. As well the distribution of vertical total stress has a great influence on the dissipation of excess pore water pressure, either for pervious top and pervious bottom （PTPB） or for pervious top and impervious bottom （PTIB）. For the case of PTIB, the distribution of vertical total stress in a foundation has a great influence on the rate of consolidation; however, for the case of PTPB, the rate of consolidation is independent of the distribution of vertical total stress. The rate of consolidation is dependent on the ratio of the thickness of a soil layer to the equivalent head of the final average vertical total stress; the greater the value of this ratio, the slower the rate of consolidation. Finally, an increase in construction time reduces the consolidation rate of a foundation. Thus, consolidation behavior of 1D consolidation with non-Darcian flow has been thoroughly acquainted in this paper.     

Surface Modification of Cu-Cr Complex by NIR and MIR Laser简

Irradiated by infrared laser, the surface reducibility and adsorbability of Cu-Cr complex could be improved, owing to the interaction of photo-fragmentation and laser texturing. Analyzed by the binding energy spectra and the auger spectra, the valence states of chromium ion and copper ion were+3 and+1 after radiation respectively, which still had the reducibility to release electrons. In contrast with the near-infrared(NIR)1 064 nm and mid-infrared(MIR) 10 600 nm laser at the same average output power of 15 W, the reduced metal percentage in the Cu-Cr complex was obviously distinguished at the depth from nanometer to micron. After chemical plating, the average coating thickness and mean-square deviation of the NIR sample were 11.61 μm and 0.30 for copper layer, and 2.69 μm and 0.08 for nickel layer. The results were much better than those of the MIR sample.     

Enhancing Student Learning in Food Engineering Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

Abstract: The current generation of students coming into food science and engineering programs is very visually oriented from their early experiences. To increase their interest in learning, new and visually appealing teaching materials need to be developed. Two diverse groups of students may be identified based on their math skills. Food science students tend to find it difficult to use mathematics as a problem‐solving tool for food engineering problems. Food engineering students, on the other hand, should be challenged to use emerging mathematical tools to develop their problem‐solving skills. Therefore, the approach of this project involved the development of a curriculum to train undergraduate food engineers in the effective use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to solve food engineering problems by engaging them in the creation of food engineering teaching tools. These CFD outputs were then used as innovative teaching tools for the food science students. In this paper, this concept will be illustrated by unsteady‐state heat transfer and fluid flow problems. To evaluate the efficiency of the teaching materials developed, a student focus group was asked to answer the same quiz following a conventional and CFD output aided teaching session. The assessment result showed an improved understanding of the subject after the CFD teaching session. These visual aids were excellent tools to illustrate the validity of the formulas presented in class. In addition, the new visual materials enabled a better understanding of the relationships among different process parameters. In general, this helped the food science students better appreciate the food engineering concepts that govern food processing operations.     

含一缺陷层一维磁流体光子晶体局域模磁场调控特性研究

基于磁流体的折射率磁场调控特性,利用传输矩阵法数值模拟了TiO2和纳米磁流体(水基Fe3O4)作为基元材料的一维光子晶体局域模的磁场调控特性.结果表明:具有(AB)NBB(AB)NA结构排列(N为正整数)的一维磁流体光子晶体的局域模波长会随着外加磁场强度的增大向短波方向移动,且最大调控量与周期数无关,折射率n c一定时,局域模波长随着介质层厚度的增大向长波方向移动;局域模的品质因子随光子晶体的周期数、介质层厚度的增大而增大.当光子晶体周期数一定时,局域模波长的调控量将随着介质层厚度的增大而增大.     

Rib height selection for roughness-enhanced tube

1 Introduction A well known method to increase heat transfer from a surface is to roughen the surface by use of regular geometric roughness elements, such as transversely-ridged tube, spirally-ridged tube or converging-diverging tube, etc., on the surface…     

Applying cognitive load theory to the redesign of a conventional database systems course

Cognitive load theory (CLT) was used to redesign a Database Systems course for Information Technology students. The redesign was intended to address poor student performance and low satisfaction, and to provide a more relevant foundation in database design and use for subsequent studies and industry. The original course followed the conventional structure for a database course, covering database design first, then database development. Analysis showed the conventional course content was appropriate but the instructional materials used were too complex, especially for novice students. The redesign of instructional materials applied CLT to remove split attention and redundancy effects, to provide suitable worked examples and sub-goals, and included an extensive re-sequencing of content. The approach was primarily directed towards mid- to lower performing students and results showed a significant improvement for this cohort with the exam failure rate reducing by 34% after the redesign on identical final exams. Student satisfaction also increased and feedback from subsequent study was very positive. The application of CLT to the design of instructional materials is discussed for delivery of technical courses.     

Fluent软件在液压传动教学中的应用

根据液压传动课程的教学内容和特点,通过实例说明流体动力学软件Fluent在教学中的应用,直观展示了流体在元件内部的流动情况,速度、压力的定量分布规律,依此分析结构对流动特性及元件性能的影响。仿真教学有助于学生掌握抽象的流体力学理论,加深对元件工作原理的理解及仿真设计方法的使用,拓展了现有的教学方式,加强了教学与工程应用之间的有机结合。     

Helical milling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V stacks with varying machining parameters

The hole-making process in stack materials consisting of carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP) and Ti-6Al-4V remains a critical challenge. In this paper, an experimental study on the helical milling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V stacks was conducted by using two different machining strategies. Helical milling strategyⅠ machines both materials with identical machining parameters, while machining strategyⅡ uses two sets of machining parameters to machine each material. Helical milling performance was evaluated by the following indicators: tool life, cutting forces, hole quality(including diameter deviation, roundness, roughness, and hole edge quality). The results demonstrate that helical milling strategy Ⅱ outperformed strategy Ⅰ, leading to longer tool life(up to 48 holes), smaller cutting forces and better hole quality with higher geometric accuracy and smoother surface finish(Ra≤ 0.58 μm for Ti-6Al-4V and Ra ≤ 0.81 μm for CFRP), eliminating the need for reaming or de-burring.     

粘性层流流体速度分布的数值计算方法

介绍了如何运用数值计算方法来求解粘性层流流体的速度分布,通过坐标系转化理论、连续性方程、Navier-Stokes方程导出有关速度的非线性微分方程,运用数值计算方法分别对对称性速度流体和非对称性速度流体进行数值求解,其结果对深入了解粘性流体运动的基本规律有着重要的现实意义。