“科学素养说”和中学科学教育改革

科学素养的内涵与我国中学科学课程标准的教育目标是相对应的,这样的科学教育目标取向,为提高学生的科学素养提供了基本的保证。科学教育提高学生科学素养的同时,也是提高学力的高标准教育。科学精神的养成既是科学教育的核心,也是科学素养的要旨。科学素养的培养与科学本质具有内在的一致性。STS教育是国际科学教育改革的新理念,也是全面提高科学素养的适切方略。     

中小学语文课程中革命文化教育的价值澄清与实践路径

语文课程在继承与弘扬革命文化方面具有不可替代的优势,但人们对此还存在一些认识误区。对这些误区进行辨析与澄清,是语文教育理论研究的重要课题。语文课程中的革命文化教育在凝聚信仰、传承文化、立德树人等方面具有极其重要的价值。革命文化题材类课文的教学应以历史的、辩证的态度面对文本,以教学创新破解重点难点,唤醒学生的感知体验,引导学生内化于心,外化于行。     

教学文化的结构要素及其对学业成绩的影响效应研究

采用结构方程模型(SEM)研究教学文化(culture of teaching)的结构要素及其对学生学业成绩的影响效应。主要有以下发现:第一,教学的有效性(effective teaching)、学生的参与性(student engagement)和学习的主动性(learning motivation)是描述教学文化的有效要素。第二,教学文化的各结构要素与学业成绩具有显著相关性。第三,教学文化结构要素对学业成绩具有层次性影响关系:教学的有效性和学生的参与性对学习的主动性具有直接显著影响效应;学习的主动性对学生的学业成绩具有显著的直接影响效应;学习的主动性在教学的有效性、学生的参与性与学生学业成绩之间存在着显著的中介性影响效应;而教学的有效性、学生的参与性两个变量对学业成绩不存在显著的直接影响效应。本研究运用实证数据揭示了教学文化发生作用的动力机制,提出构建良性的教学文化必须以提高教学的有效性为前提,以提高学生学习的主动性为中心,通过提升教与学的品质,促进学生内生性的、可持续的发展。     

Effect of School Decentralization and School Climate on Student Mathematics Performance: The Case of Hong Kong

For more than a decade, the Government of Hong Kong has instituted a policy of school decentralization aimed at devolving authority to all stakeholders, including the representatives of School Sponsoring Bodies, principals, teachers, parents, and community members. This study examines the relative contribution of two dimensions of school decentralization – teacher participation and school autonomy – to students' mathematics performance, and examines the role of school climate as a mediating variable between decentralization and performance. Data for the present study come from the second cycle of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2003), which is a large international assessment measuring 15-year-old students' literacy performance across over 40 countries and regions around the world. Using multi-level analysis, the study finds that teacher participation is more important than school autonomy for student mathematics performance in Hong Kong. In addition, the effect of teacher participation on students' performance is mediated by four major school climatic factors – sense of belonging, disciplinary climate, students' morale and student behaviour – in Hong Kong's secondary schools.     

Quality of School Life: Development and Preliminary Standardisation of an Instrument Based on Performance Indicators in Scottish Secondary Schools

Improvement of the services offered by secondary schools in the UK has been a major concern for the educational authorities. One of the most widely accepted ways to test the quality of school services is the performance indicators approach. Performance indicators, as they stand, are quite complicated to use. Many of them could be criticised for not considering pupils views about their school but rather gathering adult-centred information, since it is teachers and not pupils who do the assessment. Therefore, a new student scale has been developed, based on performance indicators, and its properties are described as follows. The new Quality of School Life scale has shown good psychometric properties and it has proven easy to use and administer. It has been shown to reliably and validly measure pupils views about their quality of school life and school satisfaction. Results are discussed in relation to potential future use of the scale by educationalists.     

新课程改革环境下教育的平等性:家庭社会经济背景对学生学业成绩的影响

以小学数学课程为例,研究追踪考察了参加新课程改革与使用原课程两组学生的家庭社会经济背景与学业成绩的关系。结果表明:(1)对于高层次思维能力,来自不同家庭社会经济背景的使用新课程的学生发展差异表现出逐渐缩小的趋势;而对于来自不同家庭背景的使用原课程的学生,其发展的差异未表现出缩小的趋势;(2)不管是使用新课程还是使用原课程的学生,来自不同家庭背景学生对数学的基本理解与计算能力的发展差异均有缩小的趋势。但与新课程改革的学生相比,来自不同家庭背景原课程的学生在这方面发展差异的缩小趋势更明显。     

中学生学业成就对学习投入的影响:师生关系和自尊的链式中介作用

采用学习投入问卷、校园人际关系体验量表、自尊量表和学业成就问卷,随机抽取长沙市4所普通中学的1028名中学生进行调查,考察师生关系和自尊在学习成就和学习投入关系中的链式中介效应。结果表明:学业成就可以显著预测中学生的学习投入,师生关系和自尊在学业成就和学习投入之间起链式中介作用,学业成就会促进师生关系的和谐度,进而提升中学生的自尊水平,最终促进中学生的学习投入。为此,教师应特别注重与学业成就不良的学生形成和谐的师生关系,提高他们的自尊水平,从而提升他们的学习投入。     

后疫情时代中小学健康教育中的体育文化创生机制研究

后疫情时代的中小学健康教育要不断拓展内容和形式,鼓励多学科教师共同参与,倡导家庭、学校和社会协调配合。健康教育能为体育文化的创新提供价值指引和理论支持,体育文化创生可为中小学生的健康教育改革提供实践经验和内在动力。应从学校体育课程改革、劳动习惯教育、生活场域建设、校园制度文化建设、课程联动模式设计、多元教育路径开创等方面建设体育文化创生机制。构建以全面提升中小学生健康素养为目标的健康教育体系,拓展健康教育渠道,重视班主任的健康教育辅助价值,强化中小学生健康的自我管理意识、知识、技能和习惯。     

能力培养中的文化缺失:医学教育中文化的运用与误用

文化能力培养对改善卫生保健质量、消除种族不平等的重要性已渐为人们所重视.本文作者讨论了文化与健康及卫生保健的相关性,尤其是其不调和性,审视了文化的概念,尤其关注在文化能力培养中文化的运用与误用,并分析了相关论点对卫生专业教育的影响意义.     

Group Projects in Social Work Education: The Influence of Group Characteristics and Moderators on Undergraduate Student Outcomes

This study examined the impact of group size, group formation, group conflict, and division of labor on student outcomes in a group project for a sample of 112 BSW research seminar students at a large university in the Midwest. Students completed surveys on their experiences with the group project at the end of the semester. Multiple regression was used along with analysis of student comments and answers to open-ended questions. Group size was not associated with outcomes. Instructor input into group formation was related to higher self-assessment of student performance. Greater division of labor predicted greater learning, whereas more group conflict predicted less learning; less conflict occurred when students divided tasks in the most equitable way possible. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed, along with suggestions for improving the group project experience, including preventative measures to reduce conflict.     

论超级中学演进的底层逻辑与制度之治 ——基于衡水模式的反思与检视

产业化、资本化是衡水模式的底层逻辑。从公私嵌合到多元合作,虽然不同阶段“衡水系”中学的组织形态与发展路径各有特点,但底层逻辑却是相同的。这种发展模式对基础教育的普惠性、均衡化与可持续性造成了冲击。衡水模式是制度与环境的产物,因而,要消除衡水模式的负效应,走出基础教育治理的困境,关键在于重塑公平、科学、可持续的教育资源配置机制。     

Leadership as Accountability for Learning: The Effects of School Poverty, Teacher Experience, Previous Achievement, and Principal Preparation Programs on Student Achievement

In the current era of accountability for achievement, school principals play the pivotal role of instructional leader. In a high-stakes testing environment, leadership preparation programs in universities and school districts need to be positively related to academic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between school leadership preparation programs and student achievement in urban settings. Because leadership is contingent on the setting, school contextual factors and their impact on student achievement framed this study. Regression techniques were employed to construct a conceptual model with predictors of criterion and norm-referenced student achievement scores. Confirming previous research findings, student poverty, teacher experience, and previous achievement were the strongest predictors and accounted for a significant amount of variance in student achievement; however, university and district preparation programs were not significant predictors. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.     

教师支持对中学生阅读素养的影响:阅读投入、阅读兴趣的中介作用

为探讨阅读投入、阅读兴趣在教师支持与中学生阅读素养中的中介作用,研究采用阅读素养测验、阅读调查问卷与教师支持问卷对559名初中生进行调研,并运用结构方程模型进行数据建模分析.结果 发现:教师支持通过阅读投入和阅读兴趣的链式中介影响学生阅读素养.建议教师在阅读教学实践中要改革教学方法,从情感关怀、学习指导、能力指导等多方...     

Tending School: A Forum on the Experiences of Refugee and Immigrant Students in the United States System

This article contributes to the investigation of refugee and immigrant education. As one part of a comprehensive qualitative study, it showcases the school experiences of three students: Quincy, a refugee from Afghanistan who came to the United States at age thirteen; Emily, an immigrant from Poland who arrived at age six; and Maung, a political refugee from Burma who arrived at age eighteen. The school experiences of these students mirror those of many children who come from countries and communities outside the dominant culture of the United States.The framework of investigation is based on the notion that school life for minority children, in this case, refugee and immigrant students, can be examined from a critical and political perspective; that is, contextualized socially, economically, and politically (Apple, 1990). Students who are not grounded in the mainstream culture struggle to get along in school settings that are institutionalized according to the moral, social, and cultural dimensions of society. Critical theorists contend that student voice can become an organizing force to negotiate and construct multiple interpretations of school life within the reality of institutionalized ways of being in school. In this study, a focus on finding and developing student voice offers the possibility of passages between private and public (Miller, 1990) to permit the sharing and envisioning of multiple interpretations of school life for students and for those with whom they interact with in school settings.     

"Bridging the Gap": The Effects of the Success For All Program on Elementary School Reading Achievement as a Function of Student Ethnicity and Ability Level

This study examined the effects on reading achievement of the Success For All (SFA) program for minority and nonminority students attending elementary school in a small midwestern city. SFA uses a research-based kindergarten program, beginning and intermediate reading programs in Grades 1–3, one-to-one tutoring for low achievers, family support, and other elements. Findings from a comparison between two SFA schools and two matched control schools showed that on individually-administered reading tests, minority (African American) students in the SFA schools performed comparably to their nonminority counterparts at the four schools while significantly outperforming control school minority students. Although overall program effects were not significant, SFA was also effective for the subsample consisting of the lowest-25% achieving students. Longitudinal results over four years showed stable benefits for the lowest-achievers, but some decline in overall program effects relative to the first two years.