Materials and nanotechnology

This paper transcribes a talk given at Drexel University as part of the April 2002 Franklin Medal festivities. Nanomaterials are ubiquitous in occurrence in nature as well as technology. They present immense opportunities both for furthering fundamental understanding and for technological applications. They provide challenges for the infrastructure of science and of interdisciplinary research and education. Nanotechnology itself neither solves nor creates uniquely new societal problems, but interacts with existing societal trends, augmenting existing strengths and weaknesses by hastening technological change.     

企业社会资本——国内研究述评

随着社会资本理论的发展,企业社会资本也引起国外学者们的重视。国内的部分学者也对此表现出了极大的兴趣,研究的内容涉及概念、层次、形成与积累的路径和功效等方面,取得了一定的成果,但是同时也存在着一些不足和缺陷。     

纳米科技带来的伦理问题研究

纳米科技具有战略性、综合性和创新性的特点。探讨纳米科技带来的伦理问题,对于解决其它高科技领域的相关问题具有一定的借鉴意义。国内外对纳米科技带来的安全性和伦理问题越来越关注,这些问题涉及科研人员、科技管理部门、企业、公众等各个群体。随着纳米技术的进一步发展和应用,法制化、制度化管理的要求会越来越迫切。     

Science and nanotechnology of superhard materials

<正>Materials science has made spectacular progress recently in the ields of nanophysics and nanobiology.his is amply demonstrated by the research being undertaken in the area of nanodiamonds.he range and depth of research into nanodiamonds is immense,covering presolar environments such as‘stardust’,through ultrahard wear-resistant     

纳米技术专利的法律状态信息分析

 专利法律状态信息对于把握专利质量、判断技术成熟度有重要意义,但尚未引起人们足够的重视。本文在搭建了专利法律状态信息分析框架后,选择纳米技术中国专利为实证研究对象,主要从专利授权分析、专利失效分析和专利寿命分析三个角度对申请量排名前10位的国家及地区进行法律状态信息分析,在获得实证分析结论的同时发现专利法律状态信息是对专利申请基本信息的重要补充,在衡量技术实力、研发差距和专利质量方面意义尤为重要。     

国际纳米科技前沿领域研究热点图谱分析

以SCI数据库作为统计来源,借助科学知识图谱的可视化技术手段,同时结合科学计量学研究方法,对近10年的文献数据进行计量研究,将国际纳米科技领域中46位论文被高频引用的科学家划归7个学术群体,从中揭示出纳米科技领域的发展趋势,离析出纳米科技前沿研究中较有影响的热点领域.     

技术监测方法在纳米技术领域的应用研究

文章通过简要介绍纳米技术的重要意义指出对纳米技术领域进行监测的必要性，并对其进行了详细的实证监测分析评估，最后根据纳米技术的监测结果对发展我国纳米技术提出了政策建议。     

China-ROK nanotechnology center formally opens in Beijing

The ceremony for unveiling the nameplate of the China-Korea Nanotechnology Research Center was held on the afternoon of 2 July in Beijing. CAS Executive Vice President BAI Chunli and Vice Premier and S&T Minister of Republic of Korea (ROK) Kim Woo-Sik were present to witness the event.     

Protein nanotechnology — A powerful futuristic diagnostic technique

Healthcare can be maintained well, when diagnosis is quick, accurate, cost-effective and painless. DNA and RNA based diagnosis may not reveal the right information for certain diseases. Identification and quantification of proteins and their folding mechanism are very important in diagnosis of diseases. Small quantities of proteins, which generally escape from detection and are responsible for the diseases, now can be quantified by protein nanotechniques which aids in the diagnosis. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments in nanotechnologies such as protein microarrays, biosensors etc. and their application in diagnosis of diseases at proteomics level have also been discussed.     

Antecedents of cooperative commercialisation strategies of nanotechnology firms

We examine the antecedents for cooperative behaviour in the commercialisation of nanotechnology for both small/medium and large firms. For small and medium firms (SMEs) our results confirm the influence of complementary assets and transaction costs, but surprisingly do not support any influence of intellectual property rights protection on cooperative behaviour. For large firms the results show a negative relationship for both intellectual property rights protection and ownership of complementary resources with cooperative behaviour. Overall, collaboration-based commercialisation in nanotechnology for both small/medium as well as large firms seems to follow antecedents previously identified in earlier studies. In addition, we find that in the current stage of the nanotechnology commercialisation environment, intellectual property rights protection for small/medium-sized enterprises is associated with the acquisition of other firms.     

纳米技术与社会安全风险分析

针对定性分析纳米技术对社会安全风险的影响,创建关系模型,就涉及五大影响风险的因素--不同国家、组织和集团发展纳米技术的动机,实际实现能力以及纳米技术本身满足其需要的可能性,对社会产生的直接和间接的负面影响,减缓和控制其消极方面的对策等分别进行讨论,提出"谨慎发展,积极预防,合理使用,降低损失"的发展纳米技术以及规避风险的思路,进而提高风险意识,合理地促进这一新技术的进步和应用.     

对辽宁发展纳米技术及产业的建议

纳米科技已成为21世纪人类发展最具前景的前沿技术。面对国内外纳米科技高速发展的态势,辽宁在具有发展纳米科技的条件下,该如何选择发展纳米科技成为在未来竞争中取得先机的关键。本文在综合分析辽宁纳米技术及产业发展现状和存在的主要问题后,建议辽宁发展纳米科技应进一步明确发展思路,加强纳米领域的科技协作,大力开展相关纳米技术的研发,加快建设纳米科技条件平台、多元化投融资体系和科技人才队伍。     

国际纳米科技领域合作研究状况的计量分析

以“nano”作为关键词,对SCI数据库收录的有关世界纳米科技论文成果进行检索,检索的时间跨度为1990-2004年共15年,得到12094条有关纳米科技的数据信息。运用科学计量学方法对检索到的文献信息进行定量分析,从科学家个人、机构、国家和学科的角度考察纳米科技领域科学合作的状况,探求该领域科学合作的规律,揭示科学合作方式对科研生产力的影响。     

Enhancing performance of generalized minimum variance control via dynamic data reconciliation

The design, tuning, and implementation of controllers are crucial for the solutions to control problems. Generalized minimum variance control (GMVC) has attractive properties and it is widely used for controller performance enhancement. The measured signals of process output variables, which are used as feedback signals, are generally subject to measurement noise. However, the GMVC theory assumes the feedback signals are the process outputs, which rarely consider the unavoidable measurement noise. By additionally considering the measurement noise, the control performance of GMVC with the measurement noise is analyzed in this paper. The dynamic data reconciliation (DDR) method, which uses the information of both the process model and the measurement data to reconcile the measured signals, is introduced. It is combined with GMVC to reduce the effect of the measurement noise on the results of GMVC. The effectiveness of GMVC combined with DDR is illustrated in two case studies, where the proposed method is compared with the original GMVC and the GMVC with the conventional digital filter. The results in both SISO and MIMO control systems show that the proposed GMVC combined with DDR can reduce the effect of the measurement noise and achieve better control performance.     

对促进产业升级的思考

产业升级是产业经济由低级向高级演化的一个自然过程,产业发展的过程就是不断升级的过程。当前应把产业升级融入到产业发展之中,以升级促发展,在发展中实现升级     

CEO overconfidence and subsequent firm performance an indirect effect via earnings manipulations

Empirical evidence on the indirect effect of chief executive officer (CEO) overconfidence on future firm performance are missing. Corroborating upper echelons theory, this study identifies this effect exploiting the earnings manipulation methods as a mediator. Tobin's Q is used as a proxy for firm performance and financial press-based measure is used to capture CEO overconfidence level through articles counts. Data from 4 European samples listed on Stoxx Europe 600 Index: AEM sample (2305 observations and 461 firms), CFO-REM sample (1770 observations and 354 firms), PR-REM sample (1350 observations and 270 firms) and RD-REM sample (1295 observations and 259 firms), for the period 2010 to 2020 are used to test the mediation model of Baron and Kenny (1986). Evidence reveals that AEM/REM practices partially mediate the relationship between CEO overconfidence and subsequent firm performance. Findings from this paper can be of interest for accounting regulators, since that CEO overconfidence level can impact future performance through AEM and REM. Increasing scrutiny over AEM does not eliminate other modalities. It changes the preference of an overconfident CEO for different strategies even if they are costly for investors.     

网络分析方法用于纳米科技领域科学合作状况的研究

本文以SCI数据库收录的国际纳米科技领域论文作为数据来源,借助pajek技术,对1990-2004年15年间世界纳米科技领域科学合作的网络进行分析,着重对纳米科技领域科学家个人之间、国家地区之间以及学科领域之间科学合作网络的特征进行探索研究。揭示出纳米科技领域科学合作网络的集群与成果产出之间的相关特征。     

Technological agglomeration and the emergence of clusters and networks in nanotechnology

Research and development at the nanoscale requires a large degree of integration, from convergence of research disciplines in new fields of enquiry to new linkages between start-ups, regional actors and research facilities. Based on the analysis of two clusters in nanotechnologies (MESA+ (Twente) and other centres in The Netherlands and Minatec in Grenoble in France), the paper discusses the phenomenon of technological agglomeration: co-located scientific and technological fields associated to coordinated technology platforms to some extent actively shaped by institutional entrepreneurs. Such co-location and coordination are probably a pre-requisite for the emergence of strong nanoclusters.