基于场域理论的高校三维权力结构分析

布迪厄把社会场域里竞争的资本划分为社会资本、文化资本、经济资本,三者在场域中为争夺制度高位和权力资本不断进行博弈和竞争,在高校这一特殊场域中社会资本与行政权力、文化资本与学术权力、经济资本与市场权力的相互转化与竞争最终将形成象征性资本,象征性资本则是行政权力、学术权力和市场权力的合力.     

大学排名对高校影响的社会学分析——基于布迪厄场域、资本理论的探析

近几年出现的给大学排名的多种现象加剧了高校之间在高等教育场域中的位置变换和因位置变动而引起的社会效果，比如：排名影响社会受众对各大学认知与认同的变化．影响高校毕业生的就业数量与质量。排名的层化作用将对社会中教育资源和教育资本流向、流量产生影响．排名的变化牵连着各个大学维持和获取不同资本能力的强弱。然而．如今中国的大学排名刚刚起步，还具有很大程度的不合理性、不科学性。这样的排名在型塑一个良性竞争、层次有序、资本结构合理的充满意义的“社会小世界”(场域)上尚有不足。     

论教育场域

布迪厄提出了“场域”这一重要范畴,并把它作为分析工具广泛运用于他的社会学研究中。本文对这一范畴进行了比较深入的梳理与辨析,并在此基础上集中阐述了“教育场域”这一重要视角的涵义、特征及其意义,同时对教育场域的有限性作了简要分析与说明。     

学校内部权力分配面临的问题——场域理论的介入及其启示

当前,学校内部权力分配活动在基本要素释读、权力分配路径、弱势群体权力处境以及权力结构自主性的追求等方面面临着诸多问题.场域理论的引入,对于重新审视各基本要素间的内在关系、构建内部权力结构的三维体系、弥合主客观二元对立、消除弱势群体生存状态和寻求学校内部权力结构自主性存在空间等具有重要意义.     

人文信息在外语教学中的重要性——基于布迪厄的场域理论

以布迪厄的场域、惯习和资本等基本理论,分析研究在高等教育阶段,大学英语教学中引入人文教学的重要性.具体的实践策略是通过培养生产性双语认知,唤醒学生对自我"惯习"的认知,进而改变思维角度和世界观,最终使高校场域和社会场域的资本分配发生变化,使场域再生产朝良性方向发展.     

课堂场域中的权力运作

在课堂场域中,权力以学生身体为作用点,以知识为基础,以话语为媒介,在宏观的战略性运作下尽可能轻便、迅速、有效地施行一系列具体的策略、手段与技术,并通过学生的自我知识和自我检视,制造与生产出驯服-有用的身体和自我规训的主体。作为渗透着权力效应的载体,学生便被整合在知识、话语、权力和能动性的共生体中,其获得的知识形式和主体形式也正是知识、话语、权力和能动性等各种关系综合作用的产物。     

场域视野中大学权力结构的失调与调适

现代大学场域权力结构的特点包括两个层面,宏观上大学场域独立而完整,与政治场域保持了适当的距离,微观上大学场域内部权力结构合理,运行有序。我国大学场域权力结构的失调在于其场域属性未得到理性认识,场域边界缺失,场域内部权力运行异化。调适的对策须从更新宏观管理观念、探索间接管理模式和建立现代大学制度入手,提高我国大学场域的独立性和完整性,使其按自身的特定逻辑形成良性的权力运行和耦合机制。     

竞争压迫:基于场域理论的高校弱势群体生成分析

"场域"是法国布迪厄分析社会关系结构的社会学理论.本文在分析高校教育场域的基础上,通过学生"入场"、"在场"、"离场"三个动态过程来分析高校教育场域中的弱势群体,认为我国高校教育场域中的各种竞争压迫是高校弱势群体生成的根本原因.     

我国大规模英语测试场域分析——基于布迪厄场域社会学理论

基于布迪厄场域社会学理论,对我国大规模英语测试场域进行分析,有助于解决测试中出现的诸多问题,如规范性不足、测试素养欠缺、考试作弊严重、测试种类繁多等。场域行动者包括主考者、被考者和第三方使用者等;场域运行动力是行动者利用场域资本进行再生产的动机;场域资本主要包括以三种形态存在的文化资本,以及以文凭和证书为代表的符号资本;场域的惯习包括行动者的个体生活方式层面和集体的社会运行机制层面两个维度。英语测试场域的有序运行应采取四方面措施：一是研制测评质量标准,完善场域建构;二是强化惯习形塑,推动各行动者测试素养提升;三是提升场域运行动力,减少测试异化现象发生;四是优化资本配置,加速场域资本转化。     

大学场域中的边界问题

大学在其生产和发展过程中,有独特的运行模式,同时受到外部环境的制约。大学要维持其传统的学术标准,按大学发展的内在逻辑发展,就必须形成一个稳定的边界。大学的个性与差异也只有在对场域与场域的分析、边界与边界的比较中才能得到充分显现。调整大学边界利于适应外部环境的变化,利于适应竞争的需求,利于保全和彰显大学的独特性。     

论高等教育管理权力

从教育发展史的角度考察高等教育管理权力的产生与来源 ,分析高等教育管理权力的学术性特性 ,可以看出不同种类高等教育管理权力的来源是不相同的 ,不同的高等教育管理权力的作用对象也是不一样的 ;高等教育管理权力的学术性是其区别于其他社会权力的特性之所在。     

方法学进展中的记忆理论建构综述

从方法论的角度来看，记忆心理学研究分为3个阶段。19世纪80年代至20世纪60年代为言语学习研究，建构了识记、保持、再认或回忆3阶段记忆过程理论体系；20世纪60年代至80年代为信息加工研究，建构了感觉记忆、短时记忆和长时记忆的信息加工理论体系；20世纪80年代至今正在进行的是内隐记忆与外显记忆分离研究，已有研究建构了系统说和加工说理论体系。     

A proposed methodology for contextualised evaluation in higher education

This paper aims to inspire stakeholders working with quality of higher education (such as members of study boards, study programme directors, curriculum developers and teachers) to critically consider their evaluation methods in relation to a focus on student learning. We argue that many of the existing methods of evaluation in higher education are underpinned by a conception of learning that is de‐contextualised. As a consequence, many data collection methods do not address aspects that affect students’ learning. This is problematic because the core aim of higher education is to facilitate student learning. We propose a contextualised evaluation methodology, guided by 10 key questions, which can help evaluators address concepts and questions of student learning in their evaluations.     

论高等教育理论创新的途径

本文简单介绍了高等教育理论的含义和意义,重点介绍了高等教育理论创新的主要途径,其途径主要概括为两个方面,一是高等教育在解决问题的过程中会上升为理论知识,二是高等教育理论自身的矛盾推动着高等教育理论的创新。     

高校管理中学术权力与行政权力的协调

在一个组织内部同时存在两种强势权力时,其冲突在所难免。扩展学术权力,把本属于学术权力的学术领域归还专家学者,形成学术权力与行政权力各司其职的格局,是我国高等学校学术权力与行政权力协调的根本。另一方面,学术权力与行政权力是相互交融在一起的,需要互相配合,共同推动学校的发展。     

高等教育分类的方法论问题

高等教育分类是为了更好地认识,研究和引导高等教育发展而将高等教育系统划分成不同的类型和层次,从而确定高等教育系统中各子系统及各要素间相互关系的过程。高等教育分类要运用系统论和分类学原理,将不同类型的高等教育机构整合为统一、开放的系统。     

Field theory and educational practice: Bourdieu and the pedagogic qualities of local field positions in educational contexts

Bourdieu’s version of field theory has had an impressive impact on the ways that sociologists of education conceptualize educational practices. These accounts tend to focus on the varying levels of ontological complicity established between students’ cultural dispositions and educational institutions. In this paper, the wisdom of these accounts is acknowledged but it is also suggested that Bourdieu’s field theory does not go far enough to detail the ways that positions in local educational fields embody pedagogic qualities and action trajectories. Drawing on insights from social psychology and relational sociology, a field theory for local educational action is outlined that more adequately accounts for the ways that students and educators directly experience and act upon curricular and pedagogic qualities in educational settings. An empirical example is then offered of the authors’ claims within the context of curricular tracking/streaming, and the article concludes by considering the practical and political consequences of this theoretical shift.     

Global field and global imagining: Bourdieu and worldwide higher education

This paper maps the global dimension of higher education and associated research, including the differentiation of national systems and institutions, while reflecting critically on theoretical tools for working this terrain. Arguably the most sustained theorisation of higher education is by Bourdieu: the paper explores the relevance and limits of Bourdieu’s notions of field of power, agency, positioned and position‐taking; drawing on Gramsci’s notion of hegemony in explaining the dominant role played by universities from the United States. Noting there is greater ontological openness in global than national educational settings, and that Bourdieu’s reading of structure/agency becomes trapped on the structure side, the paper discusses Sen on self‐determining identity and Appadurai on global imagining, flows and ‘scapes’. The dynamics of Bourdieu’s competitive field of higher education continue to play out globally, but located within a larger and more disjunctive relational setting, and a setting that is less closed, than he suggests.     

Field theory in cultural capital studies of educational attainment

This article argues that there is a double problem in international research in cultural capital and educational attainment: an empirical problem, since few new insights have been gained within recent years; and a theoretical problem, since cultural capital is seen as a simple hypothesis about certain isolated individual resources, disregarding the structural vision and important related concepts such as field in Bourdieu’s sociology. We (re-)emphasize the role of field theory in cultural capital research in education, taking into consideration current concerns in international quantitative research.     

Putting working-class mothers in their place: social stratification,the field of education,and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice

This article explores how a small sample of working-class mothers encounters the field of education. In the management of family and their children's schooling, mothers bring to bear and replicate ways of knowing that are embodied, are historical and that offer many-sided insights into profoundly stratified societies. Here I draw on Bourdieu's theory of practice as a heuristic device and focus only on the field while leaving in suspension his other conceptual arsenal. Bourdieu argued that understanding the social space in which interactions occur is pivotal, characterised as it is by ‘permanent relationships of inequality'. This study shows that mothers bring to the field their embodied history, their habituated practice, and their access to capitals. The women I interviewed know the precariousness of how they occupy the field of schooling, negotiated through a matrix of intersected positionings and classifications that are embodied.