How humans obtain information from AI: Categorizing user messages in human-AI collaborative conversations

Although there is an increasingly number of research about the design and use of conversational agents, it is still difficult for conversational agents to completely replace human service. Therefore, more and more companies have adopted human-AI collaborative systems to deliver customer service. It is important to understand how people obtain information from human-AI collaborative conversations. While the existing work relies on self-reported methods to elicit qualitative feedback from users, we have concluded a categorization system for user messages in human-AI collaborative conversations after a thorough examination of a real-world customer service log, which could objectively reflect the user's information needs. We categorize user messages into five categories and 15 specific types related to three high-level intentions. Two annotators independently classified the same set of 1,478 user messages from 300 conversations and reached a moderate consistency. We summarize and report the characteristics of different message types and compare their usage in sessions with only human, AI, or both representatives. Our results show that different message types vary significantly in usage frequency, length, and text similarities with other messages in a session. Also, the frequency of using different message types in our dataset seems consistent over sessions with different types of representatives. But we also observed some significant differences in a few specific message types across the sessions with different representatives. Our results are used to suggest some areas for improvement and future work in human-AI collaborative conversational systems.     

Putting explainable AI in context: institutional explanations for medical AI

Ethics and Information Technology - This paper approaches the interaction of a health professional with an AI system for diagnostic purposes as a hybrid decision making process and conceptualizes...     

产学研协同创新互动过程的博弈论分析

以信息的观点和有限理性的视角,基于博弈论分析各主体间的互动过程,探析产学研协同创新的"互动"机制,并引出"互动强度"来反映产学研各主体之间的互动程度。在了解影响产学研协同创新绩效的互动因素的基础上编制一个测量产学研互动过程的量表并进行实证分析,结果表明产学研协同创新的互动过程中,双方交互越频繁,就越可能有效地转移知识和技术,对创新绩效的正向影响也就越大。     

Multi-feature fused collaborative attention network for sequential recommendation with semantic-enriched contrastive learning

Recently, graph neural network (GNN) has been widely used in sequential recommendation because of its powerful ability to capture high-order collaborative relations, greatly promoting recommendation performance. However, some existing GNN-based methods fail to make full use of multiple relevant features of nodes and ignore the impact of semantic association between nodes on extracting user preferences. To this end, we propose a multi-feature fused collaborative attention network MASR, which sufficiently learns the temporal and positional features of nodes, and innovatively measures the importance of these two features for analyzing the nodes’ dynamic patterns. In addition, we incorporate semantic-enriched contrastive learning into collaborative filtering to enhance the semantic association between nodes and reduce the noise from the structural neighborhood, which has a positive effect on the sequential recommendation. Compared with the baseline models, the performance of MASR on MovieLens, CDs and Beauty datasets is improved by 2.0%, 2.1% and 1.7% respectively, proving its effectiveness in the sequential recommendation.     

基于信任的企业学习和创新能力分析

在经济全球化背景下,企业的竞争力取决于其学习和创新能力的不断提升,而在这种能力的提升中,起关键作用的是信息和知识的交流和扩散。信任是信息交流和知识扩散的粘合剂和催化剂,而正向的企业文化则是信任建立和维持的制度和文化保障。本文通过分析264份企业问卷,得出了类似结论。     

数字科学家与平行科学：AI4S和S4AI的本源与目标

围绕人工智能（AI）大模型技术的最新进展，从AI4S （人工智能驱动的科学研究）到S4AI （面向人工智能的科学研究），讨论人工与自然平行的智能科技与数字人科学家的作用及其对科研范式和社会形态变革的可能冲击；认为范式与形态的变革刻不容缓，必须积极应对。     

省属高校大学生创新创业教育中的典型问题与对策

大学生创新创业教育的实施为我国培养创新能力强、创业素质高的高素质人才提供了保障,并且在几年的实践中取得了丰富的成果。从实际参与创业训练项目的角度,通过分析大学生创新创业教育的意义以及现状,指出在省属高校创业训练项目存在的主要问题:学生参与项目的动机不纯、学生自主科研能力与时间投入中的不足、创业训练项目考核体系需完善、指导老师不到位与越位,并针对性的提出完善大学生创业训练项目的改进建议。     

Success in Failure: The National Centre for Popular Music

Abstract

The development and deployment of technologies for delivering broadband services to homes in Australia are investigated using the ‘social shaping of technology’ (SST) approach. The focus is on the period from 1993 to 1998 when there were five main technological options for delivering residential broadband services: ‘hybrid’ fibre coaxial (HFC) cable; direct broadcast satellite (DBS); multipoint microwave distribution systems (MDS); ‘Integrated Services Digital Network’ (ISDN); and ‘Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line’ (ADSL). The main broadband services planned for delivery to homes over this period were pay television and fast Internet access. A sequence of snapshots of sociotechnical relationships at critical times during the study period, termed ‘sociotechnological configurations’, is used to track the evolutionary pathway of the broadband technologies. The mapping technique assists in identifying key features and explaining the driving factors of the pathway, including why HFC cable emerged as the predominant technology, and two competing HFC cable networks were rolled out in capital cities at an additional cost of over $2 billion when a single network would have had ample capacity.     

学习型文化的发展阶段与个体创新行为的关系研究

以Watkins和Marsick的理论为基础,对46个组织中的391名员工进行了问卷调查,得到结论：组织在学习型文化发展的起步、培育、成长和成熟4个阶段具有不同的学习模式;个体创新行为在不同的学习型文化发展阶段具有显著的差异。     

CIRLab: A groupware framework for collaborative information retrieval research

In this paper we describe the design of a groupware framework, CIRLab, for experimenting with collaborative information retrieval (CIR) techniques in different search scenarios. This framework has been designed applying design patterns and an object-oriented middleware platform to maximize its reusability and adaptability in new contexts with a minimum of programming efforts. Our collaborative search application comprises three main modules: the Core, which supports various modern state-of-the-art CIR techniques that can be reused or extended in a distributed collaborative environment; the Facades Mediator, an event-driven notification service which allows easy integration between the Core and front-end applications; and finally, the Actions Tracker, which allows researchers to perform experiments on the different elements involved in the collaborative search sessions. The applying of this framework is illustrated through the analysis of the collaborative search-driven development case study.     

战略联盟中组织学习、知识创造与创新绩效的实证研究

 本文探讨了战略联盟中组织学习、知识创造与企业创新绩效间的关系。我们假设企业向合作伙伴学习新知识不仅会直接影响企业的创新活动,还会通过知识创造的中介作用间接影响企业创新的绩效。我们使用127个德国联盟企业数据的统计结果表明,两个假设都获得了通过。得出如下结论：联盟企业在通过学习获取外部知识的同时更应注重在企业边界内创造新知识,从而提高其创新能力和绩效水平。     

创新产品的时效性回购契约研究

在许多创新产品的零售市场上,零售商可以将未售出的商品退还给供应商而得到部分或全部的货款。鉴于新产品市场需求的高不确定性,供应商回购对于零售商来说是一个降低风险的重要策略。本文基于供应链管理中的协调理论,从一个两阶段博弈模型入手,研究在市场需求随时间变化不确定的情况下,供应商应如何制定一个合理的时效性回购契约。分析在集中式和分散式供应链中供应商和销售商的最优决策问题。最后通过数值分析,进一步研究针对不同的商品特征,应如何调整回购时间及订货策略。     

A framework for collaborative knowledge creation

This article describes a framework for managing the life cycle of knowledge in organizations and how this framework can be used to support collaborative knowledge creation. The framework emerges from years of work with the laboratories and facilities that are under the direction of the United States Department of Energy. The article begins by describing the background of the work from which the framework emerged; this is followed by describing the problem of identifying the ‘right’ knowledge for the ‘right’ people at the ‘right’ time and how the use of performance objectives addresses this problem. Next, the life cycle of knowledge in organizations, the theoretical foundation of the framework, and the details of the implementation of the framework are described. Finally, a discussion section summarizes the framework and discusses future directions for enhancing and extending the framework for supporting collaborative knowledge creation in organizations.     

Hybrid solid electrolyte enabled dendrite-free Li anodes for high-performance quasi-solid-state lithium-oxygen batteries

The dendrite growth of Li anodes severely degrades the performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O₂) batteries. Recently, hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) has been regarded as one of the most promising routes to tackle this problem. However, before this is realized, the HSE needs to simultaneously satisfy contradictory requirements of high modulus and even, flexible contact with Li anode, while ensuring uniform Li⁺ distribution. To tackle this complex dilemma, here, an HSE with rigid Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃ (LAGP) core@ultrathin flexible poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) shell interface has been developed. The introduced large amount of nanometer-sized LAGP cores can not only act as structural enhancer to achieve high Young''s modulus but can also construct Li⁺ diffusion network to homogenize Li⁺ distribution. The ultrathin flexible PVDF-HFP shell provides soft and stable contact between the rigid core and Li metal without affecting the Li⁺ distribution, meanwhile suppressing the reduction of LAGP induced by direct contact with Li metal. Thanks to these advantages, this ingenious HSE with ultra-high Young''s modulus of 25 GPa endows dendrite-free Li deposition even at a deposition capacity of 23.6 mAh. Moreover, with the successful inhibition of Li dendrites, the HSE-based quasi-solid-state Li-O₂ battery delivers a long cycling stability of 146 cycles, which is more than three times that of gel polymer electrolyte-based Li-O₂ battery. This new insight may serve as a starting point for further designing of HSE in Li-O₂ batteries, and can also be extended to various battery systems such as sodium-oxygen batteries.     

面向创新发展的资源配置——基于认知与创新投资关系的视角

通过探索发展中国家企业之间长期资源配置行为的差别来讨论创新型企业在发展中国家发生与发展的条件。本研究以认知与资源配置为中心,通过考察企业高层决策者认知背景和制度环境来对企业的长期决策倾向做比较研究。通过讨论中国本土轿车及通讯设备制造业等行业代表性企业的情况,对我国现阶段创新型企业的发展做了初步的讨论。     

产学研合作中的知识转移机制研究

知识转移是产学研合作的核心环节,有效的知识转移是产学研合作开展的重要基础。重新梳理和界定产学研合作的知识转移及其机制概念,结合知识转移过程分析其影响因素,在此基础上构建产学研合作中的知识转移概念模型,并提出相关建议。     

A new tool for policymakers: Mapping cultural possibilities in an emerging AI entrepreneurial ecosystem

Ecosystems are typically evaluated and understood using standard visible material metrics, such as new products, patents, startups, VC funding, jobs, and successful exits. Yet emerging entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEEs) provide many possibilities for members not signaled by such visible markers. Consequently, policymakers may have a difficult time making informed decisions about incentives and regulations to foster economic growth through ecosystem emergence. To address this methods and measurement issue, we conceptualize emerging systems using both cultural and material approaches to develop a comparative typology and apply it to an emerging regional ecosystem growing around artificial intelligence (AI). We render cultural and material maps using topic modeling of Twitter feeds versus well-placed others, identify strategies in each, and discuss relevant policies for enhancing EEEs to realize various economic opportunities. This method adds to policy analytics and suggests policies for building cultural infrastructure in EEEs.     

Recommendations for the Development of the AI Industry in China

<正>The dramatic advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in recent years has captured the attention of governments in various countries,many interested in its prospects for industrialization.With the support of the CAS Academic Divisions(CASAD),a task force headed by Prof.ZHANG Bo,a CAS Member from Tsinghua University.carried out studies on the development strategy of the academic discipline of AI and its industrialization with a focus on subjects such as state-of-the-art advances of AI,its industrial possibilities,and ways to develop the AI industry in China.     

Government aid for the development of innovative technology: lessons from the French

The French Aid to Development Program provides a reimbursable subsidy to industrial firms for the development of specific new products and processes. The program has been used variously to induce traditional firms to be more technically venturesome; to average the risk where the project is too large for the firm; to support projects with important external benefits; and as a general aid in support of French industrial policy. The program serves as a substitute for the risk capital market for the small and medium firm. The bulk of the funds have gone to large corporations for medium-sized projects. For firms with a portfolio of R&D investments, aid for any specific project acts by displacement to fund the firm 's most marginal project.     

Towards sustainable collaborative networks for smart cities co-governance

This paper addresses the concept of collaborative governance in the context of smart cities, with a focus on supporting and recommending performing organizational structures for sustainable collaborative networks (SCN). It highlights that governing a smart city is about promoting an effective environment of collaboration in the government and implying adaptive policy-making to construct new, internal and external human collaborations. Considering the smart governance as a collaborative network of government agencies and external stakeholders including citizens and a socio-technical system, we conduct in this paper an ethnographic mixed method by combining a qualitative method that studies actors’ collaboration and engagement in co-governance with a quantitative method that is based on graph theory to provide numerical analyses of organizational structures. While the qualitative method aims to discover organizational “smart factors” that affect the performance of SCN structures or configurations, the quantitative method aims to find “smart indicators” and metrics to evaluate these organizational factors. The result of this mixed method is an analytical recommender framework of the relevant SCN organizational structures in terms of robustness, flexibility and efficiency.