笼天地于形内 挫万物于笔端 我国古代游记初探

我国古代的游记,以其独特的形式和风格, “笼天地于形内,挫万物于笔端”(陆机《文赋》),源远流长,成就卓著,是一个很有价值的文学艺术的宝藏。然而在很长的一个时期内,它的命运也象我国许多珍贵的矿藏一样,由于没有很好地予以发掘和利用,致使久久沉睡着。为了充分利用这分优秀的文学遗产,促进今天社会主义旅游事业和文艺创作的繁荣与发展,并借以激发读者的爱国热情,培养读者的审美能力,我们对其产生、发展及其成就试作如下的探索,以期引起爱好者的兴趣,进而对它作出深入的研宄。     

谈写作中的观察

观察是一种有目的、有计划的知觉活动,是人对现实认识的一种主动方式。是认识事物,掌握知识的重要途径。提高学生对周围事物的观察能力是培养写作兴趣、提高写作能力的一个行之有效的好办法。观察时要做到全面细致。在观察过程中有思维的积极参与和引导,同时在观察中需要有想象的体验。     

浅谈写作中的观察艺术

生活是写作的源泉,观察是写作的门径。一切外部信息要通过观察才能进行,只有热爱生活并且善于观察的人,才能从生活中发现许多可写的素材,并产生写作的愿望。     

观察是写作的关键

有人说，生活是写作的源泉，阅读是写作的基础。而我要说观察是写作的关键。 观察即仔细察看客观事物或现象。作为写作的一个环节，观察是写作的开始，是构成写作能力的一个重要的基本的因素，是连接生活、阅读、写作的纽带和桥梁。鲁迅先生说，如要创作，第一须观察。对于任何事物，必须观察准确、透彻，才好下笔。学生写作任何一种文体都离不开观察，记叙文描写人物、事件、环境等需要观察；议论文给一幅漫画、一段材料提炼一个论点需要观察；说明文说明事物理清顺序、把握特点也需要观察。反思我们的作文教学，小学阶段还比较注意观察力…     

洞明世事巧聚材——谈写作中的观察

有的同志视写作为畏途，原用很多．或理论修养不够，看问题难以抓住要害，流于形式；或是语言功夫差，造句遣词捉襟见肘，辞不达意，不通逻辑，修辞以至表述生硬、干涩，读之如同爵蜡；多的人则提起笔来胸无材料，无话可说，“巧妇难为无米之炊”嘛!本文想就第三个问题谈点一孔之见，识见所限，难免挂一漏万，值大家一哂耳。     

用心观察 真实写作——谈小学语文高年级写作指导策略

作文教学、作文指导是小学语文教学的重点,对于高年级学生而言,老师应对他们的写作进行耐心指导,让其掌握一定的写作技巧和写作方法。文章结合近年来的教学经验,就运用有效的教学方法引导学生用心观察,写出真情实感的习作谈了几点体会。     

谈小学语文教学快乐写作

写作作为语文教学的重要内容,教师要善于引导并开发学生习作的兴趣,帮助他们树立快乐写作的信念。为此,教师可以采用鼓励学生留心观察、感悟生活,扩充阅读、丰富文库,激励提高等方法让学生在快乐中写作,在写作中感受快乐。     

写作教学中观察能力的培养

观察能力是在感知能力基础上产生的认知能力,它是一种有目的、有计划、有思维参加的知觉,是获取知识的重要途径之一。只有对事物观察得全面、精确,才能迅速抓住事物的重要特征和本质。学生只有深入生活、观察和体验,才能提高写作水平。写作教学中教师必须注意对学生的观察能力的培养,只有抓住了这个写作的基础环节,才可能从根本上提高学生的写作水平。而这种观察能力主要表现在五个方面。一、培养学生有意观察的能力“意”指愿望,有意观察是指带上一定愿望去观察。心理学研究表明,有意观察比随意观察所得到的信息更准确,效果更好。观察是写…     

观察 积累 练笔——谈中学生写作的方法技巧

作文教学是帮助学生掌握知识,提高能力的重要途径,在实施新课程背景下,作文教学应结合学生的写作实际状况,重视学生对事物的观察、积累作文内容素材,主动练笔,使学生喜欢作文,写出赏心悦目的作文来。     

中学语文写作教学摭谈

作文教学占据语文教学的"半壁江山",作者针对作文教学现状,结合教学中实施过的方法,主要从阅读与写作的关系角度谈谈中学生作文能力的培养策略。     

Peer facilitated writing groups: a programmatic approach to doctoral student writing

Very few empirical studies have investigated programmes in which doctoral students act as peer facilitators in faculty writing groups. We report on the development of a centrally delivered doctoral student writing programme in which twenty student participants were mentored and provided with the resources to initiate their own faculty-based doctoral writing groups. ‘Legitimate peripheral participation’ was used as a conceptual lens to interpret the data collected during the establishment and evaluation of the programme. All student participants in the preparatory training course, which was developed in consultation with postgraduate students and research supervisors, went on to become doctoral writing peer facilitators of peer writing groups. Insights from seven of these showed how a well-structured and supportive programme harnessed the benefits of peer learning by bringing personal rewards to participants and building institutional capacity around doctoral research writing literacies.     

Enacting anti-racist writing workshop pedagogies in an online,drop-in writing club for youth

This article documents the authors' modification and implementation of anti-racist writing workshop (ARWW) practices in the context of an online, drop-in writing club, Pens Out. We sought to understand how teens perceive writing practices that are not white-normed — specifically, centring relationships instead of prizing individuality, embedding choice instead of replicating one authorial view and observing writerly craft instead of errors. As white-identifying educators and researchers, we engaged in practitioner inquiry to understand how programme participants who live in a predominately white region experience these practices. We asked: How do attendees understand and describe experiences with writing workshop pedagogies that seek to de-centre whiteness? This question has become increasingly important as politicians in the United States restrict anti-racist educational practices and content. We used conventional content analysis to observe themes across five participants' semi-structured interviews. Findings indicated that participants' relationships with each other produced inspiration and reciprocity, writing expectations from inside and outside the club affected choice and risk taking, and observing craft multimodally encouraged sharing and reciprocity. What we discovered can help teachers and leaders of K12 writing workshops implement ARWW practices and increase allyship while discussing and questioning hegemonic ideals in K12 schooling.     

Students' use of writing strategies and their English writing achievements in Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of students' use of writing strategies in light of their English writing achievements in Taiwan. This research used a cognitive approach to examine the process of writing. Forty student writers (including 20 low and 20 high achievers) in Taiwan participated in this study. Strategies used for writing by high and low achievers as revealed by a concurrent think-aloud protocol and immediate retrospective interviews with students were investigated, analysed, and compared. Results indicated that compared to low-achieving student writers, high-achieving student writers were more aware of and focused more on formulating their position statement in planning, generating text, and revising and editing their text, such as changing the meaning and fixing grammatical and spelling errors during their review. The findings are discussed in light of writing strategies and implications for writing pedagogy and teacher education.     

合作写作--元认知支持应用于作文教学的尝试

英国学者Fiona Yarrow和Keith J.Topping创立的配对写作模式,是一种非常灵活的结构性合作写作体系,它以整合元认知和社会互动的方法支持学生的写作发展。其中,带有元认知支持的配对写作流程图,不仅能有效地提高学生的写作成绩,而且能激发写作兴趣,增强自信心及自我效能感,培养协作精神。因此,该研究具有较高的理论意义和实践价值,是一项极具创新的作文教改实验,值得我们研究与借鉴。     

Widening access to writing support: beliefs about the writing process are key

Abstract

Universities’ performance indicators for scholarly outputs depend on academics having productive and sustainable writing behaviours. Research shows that writing programmes can increase research output, but less is known about which writing processes are productive. A project was initiated at a university which widened access to writing support to include staff who were not included in these performance targets, but who might be in the future. Following a writing for publication workshop, 36 academics were offered a place at a structured writing retreat. The evaluation aimed to increase our understanding of participants’ perceptions of their writing skills and processes before and after the retreat using a transactional model. We found that participants’ perceptions of their writing abilities were greater than their perceptions of their ability to employ effective writing practices. Both scores improved after the retreat. This finding confirms that a structured writing retreat provides an environment and structure for academics to practise effective writing. It enhances self-belief in the processes and skills required to produce output. Widening access to writing support for academics is essential for success in performance-based systems. Writing support must provide opportunities for academics to develop strong performance beliefs by practising writing skills and productive and sustainable writing processes.     

中外写作教学存在的差异探析

中西方迥异的教学模式,其在中外写作教学上也存在着很大的差异。从写作目的出发,中国人强调为自己写作,而外国人则是为不同的读者写作,故而文章内容中,中国以"切己文"为内容,外国则是"切时文"为内容。在这样不同的思维方式下面,是由于外国注重工具性,中国注重人文性导致的。     

“另类”女性创作的后殖民审视

“另类”女性创作产生于二十世纪末,以“新人类记事”为标榜,以“前卫”为指向,主要描写了当代青年“另类”生活方式,展示了当代上海、广州等大都市中青年一代的生存状态,在一定程度上反映了全球化语境下我国大都市世纪末的物质、精神和文化状况。从后殖民的角度审视“另类”文学创作可以发现,“另类”女性创作中从人物的生活环境、生活方式、行为意识以及小说的语言和人物喜爱的艺术等方面都体现出鲜明的后殖民文化色彩。     

Effects of test media on different EFL test-takers in writing scores and in the cognitive writing process

The effects of computer and paper test media on EFL test-takers with different computer familiarity in writing scores and in the cognitive writing process have been comprehensively explored from the learners’ aspect as well as on the basis of related theories and practice. The results indicate significant differences in test scores among the test-takers who are less familiar with computers, showing that the computer test medium has greatly impacted this group of test-takers’ writing scores. From the perspective of the cognitive process, they are not significantly different in such stages as ‘goal-setting’, ‘generating ideas’ and ‘reviewing’, while their ‘organising ideas’ and ‘translating’ stages were greatly different, owing mainly to the nature of the test medium itself.     

Learning to teach writing through tutoring and journal writing

Structured reflection on practical teaching experiences may help pre‐service teachers to integrate their learning and analyze their actions to become more effective learners and teachers. This study reports on 12 pre‐service English as a second language (ESL) teachers’ individual tutoring of learners of English language writing. The data of the study are the writing journal entries that the pre‐service ESL teachers maintained during their tutoring experience. These journals had common elements: all were used by the pre‐service teachers to consider what funds of knowledge they bring to their teaching of ESL learners, to evaluate their roles as writers, learners and teachers and to reflect on the educational, social and cultural implications of teaching writing in English to speakers of other languages. This article describes ways in which both native and non‐native English speaking pre‐service teachers adapted their instruction to meet the particular needs of individual ESL writers and what they learned in the process. It provides insight regarding the value of using tutoring and reflection generally in teacher education and specifically in the preparation of teachers of ESL.