废电池的环境污染及防治

随着我国经济的高速发展和生活水平的迅速提高,各种类型电池的使用量和废弃量急剧增加。废电池是一种既具有一定资源化价值,又对生态环境和人体健康具有潜在威胁的、复杂的复合固体废物,其环境无害化管理和资源回收问题是国内外广泛关注的一个热点问题。但是,废电池种类很多,其对生态环境和人体健康的危害。以及再生利用的价值和可能性具有明显差别,     

Exploring atmospheric free-radical chemistry in China: the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of secondary air pollution

Since 1971, it has been known that the atmospheric free radicals play a pivotal role in maintaining the oxidizing power of the troposphere. The existence of the oxidizing power is an important feature of the troposphere to remove primary air pollutants emitted from human beings as well as those from the biosphere. Nevertheless, serious secondary air-pollution incidents can take place due to fast oxidation of the primary pollutants. Elucidating the atmospheric free-radical chemistry is a demanding task in the field of atmospheric chemistry worldwide, which includes two kinds of work: first, the setup of reliable radical detection systems; second, integrated field studies that enable closure studies on the sources and sinks of targeted radicals such as OH and NO₃. In this review, we try to review the Chinese efforts to explore the atmospheric free-radical chemistry in such chemical complex environments and the possible link of this fast gas-phase oxidation with the fast formation of secondary air pollution in the city-cluster areas in China.     

城市垃圾污染控制战略及资源化利用处理技术研究进展

1项目简介该项目由科技部、中国科学院和北京市科委联合组织并资助。项目承担单位:工程热物理研究所。项目总体目标为:结合北京市生活垃圾特点,为实现“到2007年,城市生活垃圾全部进行安全处理”的绿色奥运目标,首先研究并完善北京市生活垃圾污染控制战略目标及对策;其次针对当前的垃圾处置具体方式,解决垃圾综合处置和垃圾卫生填埋场填埋气处置过程中的关键技术问题,并为垃圾处置政策的研究提供必要的技术支持;最终将课题研究得到的成熟技术转让或应用于北京市的企业和垃圾处理厂,并且通过技术方、企业以及垃圾处理厂的共同努力,在北京建立…     

The endeavor of total synthesis and its impact on chemistry,biology and medicine

The synthesis of urea in 1828 set in motion the discipline of organic synthesis in general and of total synthesis in particular, the art and science of synthesizing natural products, the molecules of living nature.Early endeavors in total synthesis had as their main objective the proof of structure of the target molecule.Later on, the primary goal became the demonstration of the power of synthesis to construct complex molecules through appropriately devised strategies, making the endeavor an achievement whose value was measured by its elegance and eiciency. While these objectives continue to be important, contemporary endeavors in total synthesis are increasingly focused on practical aspects, including method development,eiciency, and biological and medical relevance. In this article, the emergence and evolution of total synthesis to its present state is traced, selected total syntheses from the author's laboratories are highlighted,and projections for the future of the ield are discussed.     

The philosophy of chemistry

Although chemistry is by far the largest scientific discipline according to any quantitative measure, it had, until recently, been virtually ignored by professional philosophers of science. They left both a vacuum and a one-sided picture of science tailored to physics. Since the early 1990s, the situation has changed drastically, such that philosophy of chemistry is now one of the most flourishing fields in the philosophy of science, like the philosophy of biology that emerged in the 1970s. This article narrates the development and provides a survey of the main topics and trends.     

我国水污染状况及其对人类健康的影响与主要对策

水环境污染可以造成污染型和水质型缺水,进一步加剧水资源短缺的局面,并直接威胁公众生命健康和生活质量,造成巨大的经济损失。本文对我国的水污染现状进行了综合评述,指出了水污染及其对人类健康造成的影响;同时根据2007年环境统计结果,利用废污水处理情况评价分析了不同地区水污染的治理情况：同时提出了水污染防治的8项主要对策。     

环境汞污染对人体健康的影响及预防措施

汞广泛存在于自然界中,其环境污染日趋严重,具有全球性和跨国性,且对人体健康有极大危害性。在日常生产生活中要从减少汞排放总量、监控污染源、控制暴露途径、保护受影响人群等几个方面,切实降低环境汞污染对人体健康的影响。