What is an incentive system?

Performance Technologists have come a long way—from producing zebra-striped books to implementing innovative interventions. It is about time we applied our technology to where the money is: compensation packages and incentive systems. This new series will feature articles on different aspects of developing, implementing, evaluating, and improving incentive systems.     

What is an evaluator? 1

This paper takes the view that evaluation is a trade and suggests that while psychologists and sociologists are needed in it for their skills they need to adapt some of their approaches and renounce some of their specialist values to become effective as evaluators.

A not untypical evaluation job is looked at to see whether an evaluator is more than a tradesman and the answers seem to be ‘not much’ but that he needs special skills in interpretation and negotiation. Both Hudson and Wilson are found to provide helpful rules. Where the evaluator rises above technician level is in his identification and definition of the questions he is to answer but how far can he be left to decide what evaluation is for?

     

What is an Academic Judgement?

This paper considers the nature of academic judgement. It also suggests that academic judgement is not the special preserve of academics as such and is something with which students can be imbued. It is further suggested that academic judgement is best considered in the context of critical learning which is contrasted with demonstrative learning. The paper then proceeds with an analysis of judgement by considering the ideas of Peter Geach on this particular subject. It then moves to considering judgement in the context of a practice, as set out by Alasdair MacIntyre. Whilst providing insight into the nature of practical judgement, this approach is found wanting nonetheless and attention is next turned to considering judgement within the space of reasons – that is, the approach of John McDowell. The paper then suggests that the idea of the space of reasons can be given greater substance through consideration of two further kinds of judgement – epistemic and reflective.     

What is an Academic Library?

Students' concepts of the library and its function should be brought closer to those of librarians in the view of the chairman of library services at Jersey City State College (B.A., UCLA; M.A., Columbia). He has had a notable dozen years in library work across the continent, was author of a twice printed satire “How to Appear Educated” in Library Review.     

How useful is YouTube in learning heart anatomy?

Nowadays more and more modern medical degree programs focus on self‐directed and problem‐based learning. That requires students to search for high quality and easy to retrieve online resources. YouTube is an emerging platform for learning human anatomy due to easy access and being a free service. The purpose of this study is to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the available human heart anatomy videos on YouTube. Using the search engine of the platform we searched for relevant videos using various keywords. Videos with irrelevant content, animal tissue, non‐English language, no sound, duplicates, and physiology focused were excluded from further elaboration. The initial search retrieved 55,525 videos, whereas only 294 qualified for further analysis. A unique scoring system was used to assess the anatomical quality and details, general quality, and the general data for each video. Our results indicate that the human heart anatomy videos available on YouTube conveyed our anatomical criteria poorly, whereas the general quality scoring found borderline. Students should be selective when looking up on public video databases as it can prove challenging, time consuming, and the anatomical information may be misleading due to absence of content review. Anatomists and institutions are encouraged to prepare and endorse good quality material and make them available online for the students. The scoring rubric used in the study comprises a valuable tool to faculty members for quality evaluation of heart anatomy videos available on social media platforms. Anat Sci Educ. 7: 12–18. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

What is new in computers?

This article discusses the recent trends in mobile computing and communication. The wireless technologies behind the emergence of mobile computing and the use of the current technologies to create a mobile computing environment have also been discussed.     

What is this in English?

在图中的空格内填入适当的字母, 使每一竖行都成为所学的词语, 并能填入相应的句子中。     

How much anatomy is enough?

Innovations in undergraduate medical education, such as integration of disciplines and problem based learning, have given rise to concerns about students' knowledge of anatomy. This article originated from several studies investigating the knowledge of anatomy of students at the eight Dutch medical schools. The studies showed that undergraduate students uniformly perceived deficiencies in their anatomical knowledge when they started clinical training regardless of their school's didactic approach. A study assessing students' actual knowledge of clinical anatomy revealed no relationship between students' knowledge and the school's didactic approach. Test failure rates based on absolute standards set by different groups of experts were indicative of unsatisfactory levels of anatomical knowledge, although standards differed markedly between the groups of experts. Good test performance by students seems to be related to total teaching time for anatomy, teaching in clinical context, and revisiting anatomy topics in the course of the curriculum. These factors appeared to outweigh the effects of disciplinary integration orwhether the curriculum was problem‐based or traditional. Anat Sci Ed 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.     

What is an Educational Good? Theorising Education as Degrowth

Greed and power have morphed into forms of capitalism unaddressed from a philosophical, moral or educative framework. This article seeks to address this important gap in the literature by first outlining how the financialisation of capital constitutes the new educational subject in primary, secondary and tertiary school. The author establishes how these new morphologies of power create an imagination that renders students and even the goal of education as a function of unending growth, extraction and disembodiment. In response, the author posits a different vision of habits, practices, postures and morals that root out power in education. Drawing from degrowth theory and an emphasis on simplicity, care, conviviality and the ritual destruction of accumulation, the author theorises what a pedagogy of degrowth may entail. Doing so answers an ever‐important question—what is an educational good?—by conceiving of the ‘value’ of education beyond the bounds of capitalism.     

What is reciprocal understanding in virtual interaction?

The aim of this study is to investigate what is reciprocal understanding in virtual web-based interaction and what does it consist of. The context of this study was an international web-based pre-service teacher education (N=116) course. The study is based on an idea of shared cognition and reciprocal understanding, in particular. It is assumed that reciprocity is an essential component not only of social interaction, but also of successful virtual interaction. Since many kinds of virtual interaction, such as e-learning, web-based courses, and virtual universities are rapidly getting more common in education, there is a need to analyse the issue of reciprocal understanding in web-based learning in order to develop more profound pedagogical models. The results widely show that during this particular web-based course there was reciprocal discussion between the participants. Participants had mutual negotiations and they discussed about issues from a variety of different viewpoints. Seven different ideas were found for the mechanisms of reciprocal understanding. It is concluded that this information is useful for developing a new pedagogical model for web-based learning and enhancing the quality of virtual interaction.     

What is this?

"嘿……你认得我吗?""哎哟!谁,谁打我的头……"你!说的就是你,不要这么突然跑出来吓人啊!哼,就算你是我们今天请来的客人,也要乖乖守规矩才可以!咳咳,大家好,让我把台词说完……来,猜猜看今天来到我们这个栏目的朋友是谁吧!当然,按老规矩,要先给它画张像才可以!     

What is this?

"在每一个天空被洒满朦胧月色的夜晚,我从幽深的森林里启程,来到人们居住的地方,吸食人们的梦。我不会害怕在吃梦的时候吵醒熟睡着的人们。因为我生性胆怯,在夜色中,只会发出轻轻的、摇篮曲一样的叫声……"传说中我过着这样的生活。然而你真的知道我是什么吗?     

What is this?

也许你觉得我很可怕,但我其实是个傻娃娃!咦?你在笑什么,难道觉得我在说大话?哼,不要小看了我啊。如果你了解我,一定就不会这样嘲笑我了。我的名字?现在可不能告诉你,老规矩,来猜猜看吧!