20世纪本科生医学教育中的基础医学课程

本文论述了过去100年中基础医学科学在本科生医学课程中的作用和课程改革,讨论了进入21世纪之际仍然反映在医学教育中科学与技艺之间的紧张关系。     

Support for EE From the National Science Education Standards and the Internet

Abstract

Two recent developments are likely to have a significant impact on the future of EE: (1) education reform initiatives based on the National Science Education Standards and (2) the development of promising Internet resources for teaching environmental sciences. This article urges the EE community to recognize that the time is ripe for environmental educators to embrace these developments. We examine several Internet-based resources that are used as tools for implementing standards-based reforms and promotion of EE's goals in K-12 classrooms.     

National Survey on Canadian Undergraduate Medical Programs: The Decline of the Anatomical Sciences in Canadian Medical Education

The anatomical sciences have always been regarded as an essential component of medical education. In Canada, the methodology and time dedicated to anatomy teaching are currently unknown. Two surveys were administered to course directors and discipline leaders to gain a comprehensive view of anatomical education in Canadian medical schools. Participants were queried about contact hours (classroom and laboratory), content delivery and assessment methods for gross anatomy, histology, and embryology. Twelve schools responded to both surveys, for an overall response rate of 64%. Overall, Canadian medical students spend 92.8 (± 45.4) hours (mean ± SD) studying gross anatomy, 25.2 (± 21.0) hours for histology, and 7.4 (± 4.3) hours for embryology. Gross anatomy contact hours statistically significantly exceeded those for histology and embryology. Results show that most content is delivered in the first year of medical school, as anatomy is a foundational building block for upper-year courses. Laboratory contact time for gross anatomy was 56.8 (± 30.7) hours, histology was 11.4 (± 16.2) hours, and embryology was 0.25 (± 0.6) hours. Additionally, 42% of programs predominantly used instructor/technician-made prosections, another 33% used a mix of dissection and prosections and 25% have their students complete cadaveric dissections. Teaching is either completely or partially integrated into all Canadian medical curricula. This integration trend in Canada parallels those of other medical schools around the world where programs have begun to decrease contact time in anatomy and increase integration of the anatomical sciences into other courses. Compared to published American data, Canadian schools offer less contact time. The reason for this gap is unknown. Further investigation is required to determine if the amount of anatomical science education within medical school affects students' performance in clerkship, residency and beyond.     

From “Admissions” to “Recruitment”: The Professionalisation of Higher Education Admissions

This paper deals with the strategicpressures which are reinforcing andaccelerating the professionalisation of thepolicies and procedures for the admission ofundergraduate students to higher education (HE)in the UK. It reviews the assumptions andpractices which have, until fairly recently,dominated the ways in which students areadmitted and then surveys new models which areemerging as higher education institutions(HEIs) seek to respond to the demands of a massHE system and pressures for greater socialinclusiveness in the student body. Thesemodels in turn create new needs, both human andtechnical, which the HE system has begun toaddress.     

Science and Values in Undergraduate Education

Science & Education - While a conception of science as value free has been dominant since Max Weber defended it in the nineteenth century, recent years have witnessed an emerging consensus that...     

Inquiry-Based Science Education Competencies of Primary School Teachers: A literature study and critical review of the American National Science Education Standards

Inquiry-based science education is an important innovation. Researchers and teachers consider it to be stimulating for pupils’ application of research skills, construction of meaning and acquiring scientific knowledge. However, there is ambiguity as to what competencies are required to teach inquiry-based science. Our purpose is to develop a profile of professional competence, required for effective inquiry-based science teaching in primary schools in the Netherlands. This article reviews literature and compares the outcomes to the American National Science Education Standards (NSES). In so doing, it seeks to answer the following research questions: What elements of competencies required by primary school teachers who teach inquiry-based science are mentioned, discussed and researched in recent literature? To what extent are the American NSES (introduced 15 years ago) consistent with elements of competencies found in recent literature? A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Educational Resources Information Centre and Google Scholar databases. Fifty-seven peer-reviewed scientific journal articles from 2004 to 2011 were found using keyword combinations. Analysis of these articles resulted in the identification and classification of 22 elements of competencies. This outcome was compared to the American NSES, revealing gaps in the standards with respect to a lack of focus on how teachers view science teaching and themselves as teachers. We also found that elements of competencies are connected and poor mastery of one may affect a teacher's mastery of another. Therefore, we propose that standards for the Netherlands should be presented in a non-linear, holistic, competence-based model.     

多元录取与高中应试教育之解构

建立多元录取机制是新一轮高考改革的重点和亮点。全面实施有利于优秀人才选拔的择优录取、自主录取、推荐录取、定向录取、破格录取等新的录取方式,有助于克服高中阶段教育日益严重的应试教育倾向和遏制“片面追求升学率”现象;有助于学生全面而有个性的发展;有助于推动普通高中多样化建设,造就、培养和选拔创新型人才。     

新建本科院校科研管理路径研究

近几年，我国高等教育事业有了较大发展，一批专科院校合并后建成 了本科高等院校。而新建本科院校在科学研究及科研管理工作上与老牌本科院校相比存在相当的差距，缩小差距，弥补不足，发挥优势，是高校科研管理工作者应当着重研究和解决的问题。     

学历教育院校MGA训练体系构建

"合训分流"培养模式下,为促进学员第一任职能力与岗位需求相适应,需要在进入任职教育前加强军事基础训练,提高基层管理能力.提高学员基层管理能力,需要积极借鉴MBA教育理念和教学模式,从科学确立训练目标、合理设置训练内容、创新教学训练方法、加强能力考核认证等要素入手,着力构建部队基层管理能力(MGA)训练体系,从而促进"合训"阶段与"分流"阶段培养任务的无缝链接.     

大学生消费思潮的问题及对策

近年来大学生消费行为发生了显著变化，本文试对当代大学生消费过程中出现的热点及问题进行研究和剖析，并对如何引导提出了可行性建议。