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Nilima N. Dongre Adinath N. Suryakar Arun J. Patil Indira A. Hundekari Basavaraj B. Devarnavadagi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(1):65-70
Lead is one of the most widely scattered toxic metals in the environment and used by mankind for over 9,000 years. Lead in the environment may be derived from natural or anthropogenic sources. In humans, lead can cause a wide range of biological effects depending upon the level and duration of exposure. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of lead exposure on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D and examine the overall effect of all these parameters on the bone mineral density of battery manufacture workers. For this study ninety battery manufacture workers were selected and divided in three groups depending upon duration of lead exposure. Group I—workers with duration of lead exposure 1–5 years, Group II—workers with duration of lead exposure 6–10 years and Group III—workers with duration of lead exposure more than 10 years. Each group consisted of thirty workers. Thirty age matched healthy control subjects were taken for comparison. Demographic, occupational and clinical data were collected by using questionnaire and interview. The venous blood samples were collected from the study groups and normal healthy control group. At the time of blood collection random urine samples were collected in amber coloured bottles. The biochemical parameters were estimated by using standard assay procedures. Statistical analysis of the data was done using independent student‘t’ test for parametric variables. Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). P values of 0.05 or less were considered to be statistically significant. The blood lead levels and urinary lead levels of all workers were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in proportion to the duration of lead exposure as compared to controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly raised (P < 0.001) in all three study groups of battery manufacture workers as compared to controls. Serum Calcium, Ionized calcium, phosphorus were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in all the three study groups. Serum vitamin D levels were lowered (P < 0.01) and serum PTH was increased (P < 0.01) in workers as compared to controls. The results of this study clearly indicate that the absorption of lead is more in these workers which adversely affects blood pressure, disturbs calcium and phosphorus metabolism which further impairs mineralization of bone resulting in decreased bone mineral density observed in these workers. Lead toxicity is still persistent in battery manufacture workers though they are using sophisticated techniques in these industries. There is a need to protect the workers from the health hazards of occupational lead exposure. 相似文献
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现有借助专利及其引文探讨基础研究影响技术创新的文献多通过科学关联度、引用时滞等指标进行简单地描述性分析,缺乏对专利价值的探讨,难以系统解释基础研究对技术创新的作用机理。本文选取动力电池作为研究对象,基于德温特专利数据库,运用Tobit回归分析方法探讨基础研究对技术创新的作用机理。结果表明:(1)整体上动力电池基础研究对技术创新促进作用显著,分技术领域分析发现燃料电池和锂电池基础研究对技术创新促进作用显著,镍氢电池不显著;(2)整体上动力电池基础研究对技术创新促进作用随时间变化不显著,分技术领域分析发现锂电池基础研究对技术创新促进作用随时间变化显著,且促进程度呈逐年降低趋势,但燃料电池和镍氢电池不显著。本文丰富了现有基础研究和技术创新关系理论,并对动力电池产学研合作及政府制定动力电池产业创新发展政策具有指导意义。 相似文献
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运用政策法,将动力电池界定为新能源汽车关键零部件中最关键的部分,将其定位为Kraljic矩阵中具有高供应风险的战略项目。研究发现,以磷酸铁锂和三元材料锂电池为代表的锂离子电池是当前动力电池的主流,其供应短缺风险突出,包括供应总量短缺及供应结构性短缺。建立单一车型风险评估模型,在考虑废旧电池回收利用参数的情况下建立企业级综合风险评估模型。 相似文献
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UPS系统的心脏是蓄电池,不管UPS有多么复杂,其最终性能取决于蓄电池。如何监视蓄电池的工作状态,并精确地预测其临界失效期以及如何延长蓄电池的有效寿命,是保证UPS供电系统稳定、可靠的关键。厂家对电池的质保只有三年,而全部更换3号航站楼UPS系统蓄电池需要近630万人民币!我们真的需要每三年就花费630万么? 相似文献
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电动汽车动力电池精细化梯次利用成为亟待解决的难点问题。本文设计了基于区块链技术的动力电池梯次利用方案,建立了具有共识机制的电池全生命周期信息存储链。梯次利用场景包括电动汽车服役场景、能源互联网储能场景、废弃电池提炼等多级场景。该方案实现了去中心化、提高了数据安全和经济性,显著降低了梯级间的交易成本和检测成本,增加了电池的剩余价值。模拟测算结果表明,该方案可显著提高动力电池利用率,预估我国2030年电动汽车1亿辆保有量,约产生3879亿经济效益,相比目前两种梯次利用方案的2313亿、1351亿,增值约147.7%,53.4%。 相似文献
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为了更好地服务于动力型锂离子电池产业发展的需要,本文开展了动力型锂离子电池专利分析研究。研究基于德温特专利数据,采用文献调研、技术生命周期、企业竞争六要素等分析方法,对动力型锂离子电池技术领域全球专利的总体发展趋势、细分技术、专利布局以及重要申请人进行了分析。结果显示动力型锂离子电池技术有步入成熟期的迹象,且存在下游产业整合上游产业的趋势;细分技术中电池组管理系统与隔膜原材料技术略显热门;在申请人方面,日本厂商占据技术优势,韩国厂商发展迅猛,中国厂商数量多,但专利分散,核心专利少,且尚未形成规模;此外,值得注意的是日本和韩国已开始在中国进行专利布局,而中国仍然主要针对本国市场。 相似文献
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针对电池控制系统中控制对象的多样性,并要求较高的实时性与可靠性,设计出一套应用单片机监控的船舶电池充电系统。通过系统实际的开发和应用,证明了该方法具有很多优点,给出了该系统软、硬件设计的步骤,并结合试验进行了相关的验证。 相似文献
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以电动汽车电池技术专利的申请数据为基础,从专利所有地、专利类型、专利所有者等方面进行了分析。研究结果表明,(1)目前国内的电池技术还处于基础创新初期;(2)锂离子电池性能优良,是目前电动汽车主流的电池技术,也是未来主要的发展方向;(3)结合国内的新能源汽车政策以及专利的申请数量时间序列,发现政策出台对技术创新的推动有很大的作用。 相似文献
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丰田汽车公司开发的FCHV-4型采用燃料电池和辅助电池作为混合动力系统的能源,极大提高能源转换效率,使汽车具有良好的性能相应。燃料电池与牵引电机逆变器直接相连,与辅助电池和DC/DC器串联。该燃料电池汽车的效率为传统内燃机汽车的3倍。 相似文献
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电网侧储能项目是一类刚刚兴起的工程项目,其最佳建设管理模式的选择对于实现项目预期经济和社会效益具有十分重要的意义。结合电网储能产业发展阶段及项目具体特点构建了电网侧储能项目管理模式选择的评价指标体系,在此基础上应用TOPSIS、灰色关联分析法和矢量投影法三种理论建立了TOPSIS灰色关联投影法的电网侧储能项目管理模式选择模型。为了避免传统专家评分法确定指标权重引起的客观性欠缺问题,引入直觉模糊集( IFS)对每个评价指标进行赋权。以某电力消费大省进行实例验证,计算结果与工程实践相符。说明该方法具有良好的有效性和实用性。 相似文献