基于文献计量的国家治理研究现状分析

中国共产党第十八届三中全会提出推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化,激发了国内学术界对国家治理及国家建设问题的研究热情。由于国家治理体系与治理能力问题是近30年才得到国际学术界重视的议题,本文采用文献计量学和文本分析的方法,探讨了该领域的研究成熟度、研究热点及发展趋势。分别以1998—2017年间CSSCI和SSCI作为中文文献、英文文献的数据来源,利用文献题录信息统计分析工具（SATI）,根据布拉德佛定律(Bradford′s law)、洛特卡定律(Lotka′s law)和文本分析,我们发现：（1）“国家治理”研究在国内尚在初始阶段,在国外虽然起步较早且仍在平稳发展,但均未达到一个完全成熟的研究领域。（2）国内的国家治理研究主要集中在国家治理体系和治理能力及其现代化、依法治国、协商民主等方面,其研究重点深受国家政策的引导和影响,研究热点随着政策改变较为明显。国外的治理理论研究主要集中在气候变化、欧盟、民主、责任、监管、政策、政府、全球治理等方面,且长期以来无明显的较大的变化,但近些年来“中国（China）”成了国外治理领域研究的一个热点。     

实验室评估指标有效性的实证研究

现阶段国家、省市高度重视科研绩效评估工作,对实验室开展绩效评估可以有效反映实验室建设情况和科研水平,有助于提升实验室建设质量和高效管理。文章通过无监督学习和经典分类算法进行绩效指标评估体系进行整体分析,并引入专家评分结果进行实证研究,发现绩效评估指标体系整体具有可分性和有效性,但在实际运用中存在主、客观评估差异,提出采用信息熵计算与决策树相结合的方法进行指标体系的筛选和引导权重设置,并通过实验证明该方法具有较好的分类性能,能够更好地分析指标的有效性。     

The appraisal and management of uncertainty: Implications for information-retrieval systems

Uncertainty is an important idea in information-retrieval (IR) research, but the concept has yet to be fully elaborated and explored. Common assumptions about uncertainty are (a) that it is a negative (anxiety-producing) state and (b) that it will be reduced through information search and retrieval. Research in the domain of uncertainty in illness, however, has demonstrated that uncertainty is a complex phenomenon that shares a complicated relationship with information. Past research on people living with HIV and individuals who have tested positive for genetic risk for different illnesses has revealed that information and the reduction of uncertainty can, in fact, produce anxiety, and that maintaining uncertainty can be associated with optimism and hope. We review the theory of communication and uncertainty management and offer nine principles based on that theoretical work that can be used to influence IR system design. The principles reflect a view of uncertainty as a multi-faceted and dynamic experience, one subject to ongoing appraisal and management efforts that include interaction with and use of information in a variety of forms.     

Managing innovation in the stem cell sciences: Australian views from the field

Recent research has shown that governments around the world are implementing a range of strategies intended to maximise national competitive advantage in the growing global stem cell bioeconomy. There are two reasons for this: on the one hand, the global expansion in neoliberal economic policy since the 1970s has resulted in an increasing reliance on the free-market economy for national growth and prosperity; and on the other hand, the crisis of the ageing population and the spiralling costs of healthcare have placed increasing pressures on governments to rationalise precious resources. By indicating support for the growth of nationally competitive industries in a new technology that promises to revolutionise healthcare, such as stem cell science, governments are able to meet the twin demands of neoliberal economic policy and care for the health of national populations. The governments of the UK, China, India, Singapore and Australia were among the first to develop deliberate strategies designed to enhance their local and regional stem cell industries. While most strategies contain quite similar elements, there is yet to be any systematic evaluation of how effective they might be at building support for the stem cell industries. Drawing on interviews conducted in 2009, this paper will examine how stakeholders engaged in the stem cell sciences in one of these locations – Australia – view the effectiveness of state strategies from the front-line of the stem cell innovation process. The aim here is to identify what evidence exists to support specific strategy development.     

Assessing basic research: Some partial indicators of scientific progress in radio astronomy

As the costs of certain types of scientific research have escalated and as growth rates in overall national science budgets have declined, so the need for an explicit science policy has grown more urgent. In order to establish priorities between research groups competing for scarce funds, one of the most important pieces of information needed by science policy-makers is an assessment of those groups' recent scientific performance. This paper suggests a method for evaluating that performance.After reviewing the literature on scientific assessment, we argue that, while there are no simple measures of the contributions to scientific knowledge made by scientists, there are a number of ‘partial indicators’ — that is, variables determined partly by the magnitude of the particular contributions, and partly by ‘other factors’. If the partial indicators are to yield reliable results, then the influence of these ‘other factors’ must be minimised. This is the aim of the method of ‘converging partial indicators’ proposed in this paper. We argue that the method overcomes many of the problems encountered in previous work on scientific assessment by incorporating the following elements: (1) the indicators are applied to research groups rather than individual scientists; (2) the indicators based on citations are seen as reflecting the impact, rather than the quality or importance, of the research work; (3) a range of indicators are employed, each of which focusses on different aspects of a group's performance; (4) the indicators are applied to matched groups, comparing ‘like’ with ‘like’ as far as possible; (5) because of the imperfect or partial nature of the indicators, only in those cases where they yield convergent results can it be assumed that the influence of the ‘other factors’ has been kept relatively small (i.e. the matching of the groups has been largely successful), and that the indicators therefore provide a reasonably reliable estimate of the contribution to scientific progress made by different research groups.In an empirical study of four radio astronomy observatories, the method of converging partial indicators is tested, and several of the indicators (publications per researcher, citations per paper, numbers of highly cited papers, and peer evaluation) are found to give fairly consistent results. The results are of relevance to two questions: (a) can basic research be assessed? (b) more specifically, can significant differences in the research performance of radio astronomy centres be identified? We would maintain that the evidence presented in this paper is sufficient to justify a positive answer to both these questions, and hence to show that the method of converging partial indicators can yield information useful to science policy-makers.     

What's Wrong with the 'Golden Rule'? Conundrums of Conducting Ethical Research in Cyberspace

Three key values for ethical cyberspace research practices are evident in recent discussions: (1) protect the subjects from harm as a result of the research fieldwork and the research practices; (2) produce good social science research; and (3) do not unnecessarily perturb the phenomena studied. Much of the argumentation aims to negotiate the ethical conflicts that often emerge between these goals. Bakhtin argues that one can only strive for a bottom-up ethical wisdom built upon concrete examples, and disputes the possibility that rigid top-down application of universal rules constitutes ethical action. His perspective has key implications for ethical research practices. I illustrate this perspective at work through my recent fieldwork and writing practices in a virtual community. Research ethics for cyberspace are like research ethics for any other site. They should be situated, dialogic agreements that develop over time between researchers and the participants of the research study. It is unlikely that such research ethics can be abstractly codified, because there will often be differences between research sites, the situations of participants, and researcher goals. Researchers can, however, develop ethical wisdom that comes from experience with many configurations of research in cyberspace, and report on the conditions that grounded their ethical choices, and the results that emerged from their work in the site. These results will often be improved by feedback from participants about their experiences with the fieldwork and the effects of publication.     

国家治理变迁与企业战略变革——基于CEO权力与开放性特征的调节效应研究

自党的十八届三中全会提出要“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”的总改革目标，国家治理成为社会各界普遍关注的热点问题。本文采用2011-2014年A股上市公司的数据，探讨了国家治理变迁对微观企业的传导效应。研究发现国家治理变迁显著推动了企业战略变革，以CEO权力与开放性特征为代表的组织因素在企业战略变革中没有发挥突出的作用。本文的研究表明制度环境变化是当前企业战略变革的主要推动力；在新的国家治理理念下，企业与政府之间实现了良性互动，国家治理现代化建设取得了初步成效。     

What's Wrong with the 'Golden Rule'? Conundrums of Conducting Ethical Research in Cyberspace

Three key values for ethical cyberspace research practices are evident in recent discussions: (1) protect the subjects from harm as a result of the research fieldwork and the research practices; (2) produce good social science research; and (3) do not unnecessarily perturb the phenomena studied. Much of the argumentation aims to negotiate the ethical conflicts that often emerge between these goals. Bakhtin argues that one can only strive for a bottom-up ethical wisdom built upon concrete examples, and disputes the possibility that rigid top-down application of universal rules constitutes ethical action. His perspective has key implications for ethical research practices. I illustrate this perspective at work through my recent fieldwork and writing practices in a virtual community. Research ethics for cyberspace are like research ethics for any other site. They should be situated, dialogic agreements that develop over time between researchers and the participants of the research study. It is unlikely that such research ethics can be abstractly codified, because there will often be differences between research sites, the situations of participants, and researcher goals. Researchers can, however, develop ethical wisdom that comes from experience with many configurations of research in cyberspace, and report on the conditions that grounded their ethical choices, and the results that emerged from their work in the site. These results will often be improved by feedback from participants about their experiences with the fieldwork and the effects of publication.     

Investigating and predicting online food recipe upload behavior

Studying online food behavior has recently become an active field of research. While there is a growing body of studies that investigate, for example, how online recipes are consumed, in the form of views or ratings, little effort has been devoted yet to understand how they are created. In order to contribute to this lack of knowledge in the area, we present in this paper the results of a large-scale study of nearly 200k users posting over 400k recipes in the online recipe platform Kochbar.de. The main objective of this study is (i) to reveal to what extent recipe upload patterns can be explained by socio-demographic features and (ii) to what extent they can be predicted. To do so, we investigate the utility of several features such as user history, social connections of the users, temporal aspects as well as geographic embedding of the users. Statistical analysis confirms that recipe uploads can be explained by socio-demographic features. Extensive simulations show that among all features investigated, the social signal, in the form of friendship connections to other users, appears to be the strongest one and henceforth is the best to predict what type of recipe will be uploaded and what ingredients will be used in the future. The research conducted in this work contributes to a better understanding in online food behavior and is relevant for researchers working on online social information systems and engineers interested in predictive modeling and recommender systems.     

Parameters estimation using sliding mode observer with shift operator

In different areas of engineering, mathematical models are used to describe real life phenomena and experiments are conducted to validate them. It is common that these models may contain a number of parameters that cannot be measured directly or calculated. Thus, parameter estimation is an important step in the process of modeling based on empirical data of the system.In the control system’s literature, one can find considerable amount of research in the area of system parameters identification. Most of these techniques are based on minimizing the estimation error in some statistical framework such as least square error based methods. In most cases, using these techniques, one can prove the uniform exponential stability of the state and parameter estimation error, but the convergence rate can be too low. However, when designing control systems, knowledge of unknown immeasurable (or even time varying) parameters might be crucial for the operation of the controller and thus have to be accurately estimated with a desired rate of convergence. In this paper, we demonstrate a way to provide an estimation technique with tunable convergence rate using sliding mode with linear operators such as time delay.     

上市公司知识产权信息披露及其价值相关性研究

财政部2018年7月颁发的《知识产权会计信息披露规定(征求意见稿)》将知识产权信息披露的规范化提上了日程。本文首先建立了知识产权信息披露指数来反映上市公司知识产权信息披露状况,并以信息技术业为例进行了实证分析。在此基础上,对知识产权信息披露指数的价值相关性进行了分析。实证研究表明：上市公司知识产权信息披露状况间存在较为明显的差异,信息披露状况对公司价值有显著性影响并呈现出正相关关系。     

Textual keyword extraction and summarization: State-of-the-art

With the advent of Web 2.0, there exist many online platforms that results in massive textual data production such as social networks, online blogs, magazines etc. This textual data carries information that can be used for betterment of humanity. Hence, there is a dire need to extract potential information out of it. This study aims to present an overview of approaches that can be applied to extract and later present these valuable information nuggets residing within text in brief, clear and concise way. In this regard, two major tasks of automatic keyword extraction and text summarization are being reviewed. To compile the literature, scientific articles were collected using major digital computing research repositories. In the light of acquired literature, survey study covers early approaches up to all the way till recent advancements using machine learning solutions. Survey findings conclude that annotated benchmark datasets for various textual data-generators such as twitter and social forms are not available. This scarcity of dataset has resulted into relatively less progress in many domains. Also, applications of deep learning techniques for the task of automatic keyword extraction are relatively unaddressed. Hence, impact of various deep architectures stands as an open research direction. For text summarization task, deep learning techniques are applied after advent of word vectors, and are currently governing state-of-the-art for abstractive summarization. Currently, one of the major challenges in these tasks is semantic aware evaluation of generated results.     

国家高新区创新平台效应的实证研究

高新区作为国家高新技术创新发展的前沿，它的创新效率具有较高的研究价值。高新区可以借助平台理论来指导自身中介作用的发挥。本文构建了高新区创新平台运作模式的理论模型，运用三阶段DEA模型的思想验证了高新区创新平台效应的存在性及其对创新效率的影响。研究发现：高新区平台化创新的演化过程包含了域内和域间两个层次；平台效应是导致经典BCC模型效率估计偏差的环境因素之一；平台效应存在于高新区的域内和域间；2013年高新区创新平台效应尚未完全显现，尚有较大的提升空间，因此建议政府重视发挥高新区的平台效应、加大对区内人才的培养和对区外人才的吸引力度。本文研究结果对于深刻认识平台在促进创新效率方面所发挥的积极作用、促进高新区平台理论及应用的研究与发展具有重要的现实意义。     

基于DEM模型和气候学计算的滇南山区太阳总辐射空间化

地形和地势引起的温度、热量、水分差异是局地自然地理环境空间格局分异的内因所在,而太阳总辐射是地表物理、化学、生物等过程的主要能源,是理解或解释陆地表层格局的重要基本参数。本研究结合太阳总辐射的两种主要气候学计算模式Angstrom模型和Bristow-Campbell模型,以DEM、月均温差、月平均日照百分率以及地理纬度、赤纬等为基础数据,通过潜在太阳总辐射的空间化实现和太阳总辐射的气候学推算两个过程,成功实现了云南省中南部山地的多年平均1月~12月太阳总辐射的空间化;通过两个有多年太阳总辐射数据的站点实测数据检验,模拟结果良好：各月太阳总辐射平均误差率均小于10%,平均为3.69%;同时,也提供了一个可以借鉴到其它山地丘陵区的太阳总辐射空间化模式。     

企业绩效角度的智力资本评估

本文的目的在于从绩效角度评估企业智力资本的量化模式。本文在总结了传统的评估模型基础上,采取了一个全新的视角——绩效角度来评估智力资本:利用动机、责任和工作满意度的近似指标来构建评估模式,建立了智力资本一体化管理体系的基础。该模式描述了企业发展、智力资本与员工绩效之间的相互关系,为管理者提供了有效的管理工具,并为后期研究及企业管理建立了基础。     

Knowledge maps: A systematic literature review and directions for future research

ContextNowadays the concept of knowledge mapping has attracted increased attention from scientists in a variety of academic disciplines and professional practice areas. Among the most important attributes of a knowledge map is its ability to increase communication and share common practices across an entire organisation. However, despite being a promising area for research, the knowledge maps community lacks a widespread understanding of the current state of the art.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to explore the world of knowledge mapping by reviewing and analysing the current state of research and providing an overview of knowledge mapping’s concepts, benefits, techniques, classifications and methodologies, which are precisely reviewed, and their features are highlighted. In addition, we offer directions for future research.MethodBased on the systematic literature review method this study collects, synthesises, and analyses numerous articles on a variety of topics closely related to a knowledge map published from January 2000 to December 2013 on six electronic databases by following a pre-defined review protocol. The articles have been retrieved through a combination of automatic and manual search, hence extensive quantitative and qualitative results of the research are provided.ResultsFrom the review study, we identified 132 articles addressing knowledge maps that have been reviewed in order to extract relevant information on a set of research questions. We found a generally increasing level of activity during this 5-year period. We noted that while existing research covers a large number of studies on some disciplines, such as systems and tools development, it contains very few studies on other disciplines, such as knowledge maps adoption. To aid this situation, we offer directions for future research.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that a knowledge map is an imperative strategy for increasing organisations’ effectiveness. In addition, there is a need for more knowledge maps research.     

面向创新型国家建设的科技查新研究

科技查新为保证项目的新颖性提供文献依据,查新咨询工作在科技与经济发展中的作用越来越显著,已成为国家创新体系的重要组成部分,但是,科技查新过程中仍然暴露出诸多问题,必须正视和解决这些问题,充分利用科技信息部门的信息资源和检索手段为建设创新型国家主动提供服务.     

中科院产研合作对其科技成果转化影响研究

本文旨在分析中科院产研合作对其科技成果转化的影响。在回顾文献的基础上,本文基于复杂网络理论提出了中科院产研合作整体网络的小世界性,以及局部网络中心性与结构洞对中科院成果转化影响的基本假设,并利用中科院2006-2017年专利数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明：（1）中科院产研合作整体网络小世界性的提升有助于中科院整体成果转化效率的提升;（2）在产研合作网络中具有较高中心性的中科院研究所转化效率更高,而结构洞不具有显著影响。总结来看,中科院产研合作向企业和中科院提供了有效的沟通渠道,有助于自身成果转化。     

气候变化问题与我国的应对战略

全球气候变化是全球变化的核心问题,已经成为国际环境外交和国家可持续发展中的重大问题之一。我国政府对气候变化及其影响的重视与日俱增,已经确定了解决气候变化问题的基本原则,并初步确立了响应气候变化问题的立场和战略构想。本文从气候变化问题的由来、观测与研究的现状和问题、我国当前的政策和措施等方面,进一步思考应对气候变化影响和国际谈判的战略部署问题,并提出初步对策建议。