A mechanical method for graphical solution of polynomials

A mechanical synthesizer with thirty harmonic elements (fifteen sine components and fifteen cosine components) may be used to graph a polynomial in a complex plane. The sum of the sine components is recorded by a tracing point which moves vertically. The sum of the cosine components is recorded by horizontal motion of a drawing board.     

From fighting COVID-19 pandemic to tackling sustainable development goals: An opportunity for responsible information systems research

The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to the healthy lives and well-being of billions of people worldwide. As the world begins to open up from lockdowns and enters an unprecedented state of vulnerability, or what many have called “the new normal”, it makes sense to reflect on what we have learned, revisit our fundamental assumptions, and start charting the way forward to contribute to building a sustainable world. In this essay, we argue that despite its significant damage to human lives and livelihoods, the coronavirus pandemic presents an excellent opportunity for the human family to act in solidarity and turn this crisis into an impetus to achieve the United Nation’s (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In this article, we will highlight the six relevant themes that have evolved during the pandemic and the corresponding topics that future researchers could focus on. We conclude by issuing a call for more research attention on tackling SDG through developing the concept and practice of digital sustainability.     

A "large and graceful sinuosity". John Herschel's graphical method

In 1833 John Herschel published a graphical method for determining the orbits of double stars. He argued that his method, which depended on human judgment rather than mathematical analysis, gave better results than computation, given the uncertainty in the data. Herschel found that astronomy and terrestrial physics were especially suitable for graphical treatment, and he expected that graphs would soon become important in all areas of science. He argued with William Whewell and James D. Forbes over the process of induction, over the application of probability, and over the moral content of science. Graphs entered into all these debates; but because they constituted a method, not a metaphysics, they were acceptable to most practicing scientists and became increasingly popular throughout the nineteenth century.     

科学技术创新与千年发展目标——联合国千年研究项目TF10工作简介及启示

在 2 0 0 0年 9月的联合国千年首脑会议上 ,世界各国领导人提出了千年发展目标 (MDGs)。为了实现MDGs,联合国设立了千年项目 (TheMillenniumProject) ,分析实现MDGs的政策选择 ,提出实施措施的设想。中国正式参加了其中的第十个研究组 (科学技术和创新研究组 ,TF10 )。本文详细介绍TF10的工作 ,并简要说明了其对中国科技政策研究及国际科技交流的意义     

Corporate decision-making for allocations to research and development

The analysis developed here suggests that conventional project based approaches to R & D budget determination do not provide a satisfactory explanation of the actual behaviour of typical large modern corporations. An alternative frame of reference for modelling such behaviour based on a gestalt interpretation is suggested and an examination conducted of differences in corporate R & D budgeting techniques described in a number of studies. It is suggested that the frame of reference developed here provides a useful explanation of differences in budgeting conventions.The interpretation developed is also used to analyse variation in industrial innovative activity. Studies in this area have frequently been based on the concept of rival firms matching each others R & D budgets. Models based on this concept have produced conflicting evidence in this respect. It is suggested here that an alternative approach based on a gestalt interpretation may provide a rather better explanation.     

论西藏农牧科研院所产业发展制约因素及对策

本文通过分析西藏农牧科研院所科技产业发展中的制约因素，结合西藏实际，提出了相应的调控对策，供从事农牧科技产业开发工作者及科技型企业管理骨干讨论。     

西北节水农业的发展策略与思路

我国实施的西部大开发的战略决策在经济和政治上都具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。西部地区,特别是西北地区具有特殊的自然条件和社会经济发展状况。土地辽阔、水资源稀缺的基本特征,既构成了这一地区极为脆弱的生态环境基础,又使水资源成为该地区最具有战略意义的资源。因此,水资源的合理开发利用是实施西部地区大开发战略极为重要的内容。     

农业科技经纪人发展的障碍与对策——以重庆农村经纪人的调研为例

农业科技经纪人的出现,是我国技术市场和农村市场发展的必然趋势和客观需要.但在其发展过程中,由于收益不高、政策法规不完善、信息不灵、队伍组织化程度低、从业人员素质不高等原因,阻碍了农业科技经纪人的进一步发展壮大.在分析问题成因的基础上,对农业科技经纪人队伍的发展提出了相关建议.     

Effects of taxation on social innovation and implications for achieving sustainable development goals in developing countries: A literature review

In developing countries, taxation is perceived as a brake on economic growth. Indeed, taxes in most of these countries are not sufficiently adapted to the specificity of the taxpayer and often do not consider the weak administrative capacity of the countries in the region. In this context, reforms have been initiated over the last decade to create tax environments that encourage savings, investment, entrepreneurship, and social innovation. This study provides an overview of research on the effects of taxation on social innovation and the corresponding implications for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in developing countries, taking three approaches: thematic, chronological, and methodological. Most studies agree that high taxes in business undermine social innovation and thus the achievement of SDGs, as social innovation is known to be a driver of most SDGs and business the vehicle. The majority of the selected studies used primary data collected from samples whose representativeness with respect to the population concerned (notably businesses) is still not explicitly justified.     

科技支农支出对乡镇企业发展影响的实证分析

乡镇企业的发展一直是学术界和实业界关注的重点.在已有研究成果的基础上,基于协整理论并且运用VAR模型分析的方法采研究科技支农支出对乡镇企业发展的影响,得出的结论是:如果不考虑其他干扰因素的影响,那么我国科技支农支出的增加将是促进乡镇企业发展的关键因素.     

人-组织匹配研究方法综述

介绍人-组织匹配研究中的两个主要理论模型、人-组织匹配的类型及其相应的测量方法以及计算实际匹配的方法.探讨各种方法的优点以及可能存在的缺点.最后,提出在未来的人-组织匹配研究中的研究方法的一些改进.     

本土企业与跨国公司合作研发诱发机制研究

本研究基于交易成本理论和演化博弈理论,以“成本”视角为出发点探究本土企业与跨国公司合作研发的诱发机制,并以2012年世界银行对中国企业运营环境的微观调查数据,采用线性概率模型,探索成本因素在诱发合作研发中的具体作用。本文以1491家制造业企业为样本,对上述两种成本因素在本土企业与跨国公司合作研发中的作用进行实证检验,结果显示违约成本与交流成本都对合作研发有负向阻碍作用。跨国公司与本土企业因对方违约而造成的己方损失越大,,其开展合作研发的概率越低;跨国公司与本土企业交流成本越高,其开展合作研发的概率越低。研究结论不仅丰富了合作研发理论,更在实践中有助于指导本土企业更好的与跨国公司展开研发合作,以应对当前复杂多变的市场需求。     

对开发用于西部地区农业现代化的高性能高分子材料的建议

西部大开发是我国现代化战略的重要组成部分,对中华民族的繁荣昌盛具有极其重要的意义。西部地区多是农业省份,许多地区干旱少雨,利用现代科学技术,摆脱传统落后农艺对生产力的束缚,实现西部农业的跨越式发展和农业生产的稳定高产,使西部地区广大农民尽快脱贫致富,并全面实现西部地区农业现代化,是西部大开发的重要任务。根据西部地区的资源、经济特点和西部地区农业现代化的战略目标,建议开展西部地区用于农业现代化的高性能高分子材料的工作,采用先进、高效、清洁的新技术为农业现代化提供:     

发展生态农业 促进可持续发展

分析了青海省发展生态农业的必要性,提出了实施生态农业应采取的措施。     

农业新技术革命与中国农业发展

文章阐述了以现代生物技术和现代信息技术为主导的农业新技术革命在现代农业中的作用,并从我国国情出发,指出了目前我国农业发展与农业新技术革命的结合点,提出建设可持续发展的高产、优质、高效农业是中国由传统农业向现代农业转变的必由之路。     

关于青藏铁路建设与西藏社会经济发展若干问题的建议

西藏是全国唯一不通铁路的地区,青藏铁路的建成将填补我国西部铁路网中的空白,形成北京—兰州—拉萨的运输大动脉,成为西藏与内地联系的重要交通通道,将为西藏的资源优势转化为经济优势提供原动力。一青藏铁路建成运营后,应利用这一运量大、运价低的运输大动脉,充分发挥西藏自有的特色和优势,全面加快农牧业、旅游业、矿产采选业、藏医药制造业等产业的发展1 调整农牧区产业结构,加大特色农牧产品开发利用力度,推进特色农牧业加快发展,努力增加农牧民收入经过40多年的发展,西藏农牧区温饱问题已基本得到解决,但由于西藏农牧区经济结构相…     

合同研究组织探析及其在中国的发展

合同研究组织(CRO)是因制药业发展应运而生的一种新型研发服务组织.作者总结了CRO产生的驱动因素,分析了全球CRO产业的现状、发展趋势以及我国CRO的发展现状,最后针对我国CRO产业的优势和问题,提出了我国发展CRO产业的建议.     

A method of multiple model adaptive control of affine systems and its application to aero-engines

This paper investigates the multiple model adaptive control problem of affine systems with unknown parameters. Firstly, an adaptive controller with resettable parameters and an adaptive law with projection function are designed to ensure the asymptotic tracking for the reference system and the boundedness of parameters. Secondly, a transformation of system is given to enable a finite-time parameter estimator to calculate the uncertain parameters in the system matrix and the affine item simultaneously. Then, a novel performance index to describe the error between the controlled plant and the identification model is given to orchestrate switchings among identification models aiming to choose the best one. Next, the sufficient condition of the asymptotic convergence for the system error is given. Finally, all designs are evaluated in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform of an aero-engine control system and compared with three other methods, the effectiveness and superiority are verified.