中国科学院高技术口研究所评价指标体系的研究

基于广泛的调研，我们研究并设计了适合于中国科学院高技术口研究所特点的、易于操作的评价指标体系。本对该体系的设计原则、价值取向原则、基本结构组成、指标的选取和数据处理方法等进行了讨论和阐述。     

Competing to be CEO in high-tech firms: Insider, board member, or outsider candidates

In this study, we examine firm and board characteristics that predict whether a new CEO will come from the firm's current management, from the board of directors, or from outside the firm. This study is the first to recognize the potential for outside board members to compete for the CEO position. Though classified as firm outsiders, outside directors have many of the advantages of insider candidates for CEO: firm-specific knowledge and familiarity with the board of directors. This form of succession is likely to be valuable in high-technology industries, as competition is faster paced and information asymmetry is greater than in lower technology industries. In this study, we focus on a single high-tech industry (semiconductors) in the period between 1993 and 2000. We find that the presence of an heir-apparent increases the likelihood of insider succession while outsider board members' availability increases the likelihood that an outside director will become the new CEO. We also find that firms with high levels of R&D spending and rapid sales growth favor insiders as new CEOs. We discuss the implications of these findings for the CEO's relationship with the board.     

Patents, venture capital, and software start-ups

This paper analyzes the relation between the patenting behavior of startup firms and the progress of those firms through the venture capital cycle. Linking data relating to venture capital financing of software startup firms with data concerning the patents obtained by those firms, we find significant and robust positive correlations between patenting and several variables measuring the firm's performance (including number of rounds, total investment, exit status, receipt of late stage financing, and longevity). The data also show that (1) only about one in four venture-backed software firms acquired even one patent during the period of the study; (2) patenting practices very considerably among the sub-sectors of the software industry; and (3) the relationship between patent metrics and firm performance depends less on the size of the patent portfolio than on the firm's receipt of at least one patent.     

科技型在孵企业成长影响因素研究—以天津市国家级孵化器为例

科技型企业为规避市场风险选择进入孵化器,科技型企业孵化器与在孵企业接触时因信息的缺失与不对称,导致孵化器难以准确提供入孵企业成长所需要素,因此研究科技型在孵企业成长影响因素尤为重要。首先,在梳理国内外研究文献的基础上,总结在孵企业成长的15个影响因素;其次,在问卷调查的基础上,应用主成分因子分析法得出五大影响因子:孵化器服务能力、创业者能力、公共服务及政策、科研能力及融资能力。研究结果表明:五大影响因子对科技型在孵企业成长均有不同程度的影响,尤其是创业者能力与孵化器服务能力对其影响权重较大。最后,从政府、孵化器以及在孵企业3个方面提出针对性的建议。     

高技术产业国际竞争实力测度方法研究

在回溯我国高技术产业国际竞争力评价成果的基础上,从竞争实力、竞争潜力、竞争环境和竞争态势指标来把握高技术产业国际竞争力,着重研究高技术产业国际竞争实力指标的内涵与计量特征,构建高技术产业国际竞争实力指标的测度方法.并依据江苏和山东两省2003年的数据,对高技术产业国际竞争实力指标展开实证分析,进一步提出了建立健全我国高技术产业国际竞争力评价体系的建议.     

论《傲慢与偏见》中反讽的艺术魅力

讽刺文学是英国文学的一个重要流派。在《傲慢与偏见》中,奥斯汀凭借对叙述技巧的精妙运用,将反讽技巧进一步发展,使之成为刻画人物、突出主题的重要手段。本文着重分析小说《傲慢与偏见》中反讽在各个层面的运用。     

工作嵌入与离职倾向的关系研究——以工作满意度为中介变量

本文运用问卷调查法收集数据,运用相关分析探讨工作嵌入、工作满意度以及离职倾向三者之间的关系。结果发现,工作嵌入对工作满意度具有显著的正向影响,工作嵌入、工作满意度对离职倾向具有显著的负向影响,且工作满意度在工作嵌入与离职倾向的关系中发挥中介作用。     

Market-level information and the diffusion of competing technologies: An exploratory analysis of the LAN industry

Market-level information diffused by print media may contribute to the legitimation of an emerging technology and thus influence the diffusion of competing technological standards. After analyzing more than 10,000 trade media abstracts from the Local Area Networks (LAN) industry published between 1981 and 2000, we found the presence of differential effects on the adoption of competing standards by two market-level information types: technology and product availability. The significance of these effects depends on the technology's order of entry and suggests that high-tech product managers should make strategic use of market-level information by appropriately focusing the content of their communications.     

Do innovative firms pay higher wages? Micro-level evidence from Brazil

This paper explores the relationship between innovation and wages using Brazil’s employer–employee census (RAIS) and a novel measure of innovation derived from the share of technical and scientific occupations of workers. The results show a robust and positive wage premium associated with innovative firms. The decomposition of this innovation-related wage premium suggests that it is larger for workers in manufacturing, although also positive and significant for those in agriculture and services; and larger for large firms. More importantly, the paper explores the causality between innovation and wages. First, we find some empirical support for “self-selection” — firms that innovate already pay higher wages before becoming innovators. Second, we find strong evidence of wage increases associated with starting innovation activity, which are persistent for three years after firms start innovating. Innovation pays off also for workers.     

Is this time different? How digitalization influences job creation and destruction

With the process of digitalization now in full swing, many are wondering how the adoption of new technologies influences job creation and destruction. Much hinges upon the specific tasks that machines take on and how many new tasks are created through the adoption of new digital technologies. Some argue that most tasks that are at risk of automation are those performed by rather low- to medium-skilled employees, while most new tasks that emerge from the adoption of digital technologies complement high-skilled labor. We present evidence derived from representative survey data from Switzerland that is consistent with this view. Specifically, we find that increased investment in digitalization is associated with increased employment of high-skilled workers and reduced employment of low-skilled workers, with a slightly positive net effect. The main effects are almost entirely driven by firms that employ machine-based digital technologies, e.g. robots, 3D printing or the Internet of Things. We do not find any significant employment effects when non-machine-based digital technologies are considered, e.g. ERP, e-commerce or cooperation support systems.     

作业下载上传软件设计

在计算机教学中往往出现学生复制作业的现象,怎样才能使学生自己动手操作而不出现复制作业现象,目前有不少教师都提出了自己的设计方案,如使用FTP软件下载上传作业、使用网络在线完成和反馈作业、把整个学期的作业制作成软件包的形式等……这些都不能达到系统通用、使用便利、操作简单、题型机动等方面要求。作业下载上传软件就是从这方面入手解决问题,通过简单的构思解决不简单的问题。     

Impact of scientific and technological innovation policies on innovation efficiency of high-technology industrial parks – A dual analysis with linear regression and QCA

Scientific and technological innovation policies play a critical role in the innovative development of high-technology industrial parks. However, it remains unclear how scientific and technological innovation policies impact the innovation efficiency of high-technology industrial parks and what the impact pathways are. An in-depth investigation of this topic can give an insight into the inherent relation between the scientific and technological innovation policies and technological innovation. By conducting a theoretical analysis, this study empirically analyzed the impact of scientific and technological innovation policies on the innovation efficiency of high-technology industrial parks. The main research methods applied in this study were linear regression and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The results showed that the policy targets drove innovation efficiency in a relatively minor way. Among all policy tools, the demand-based policy tools had the most significant influence on innovation efficiency. The supply-based and environment-based policy tools had notable positive impacts during the lag periods of policies. The policy mix pathways for scientific and technological innovation policies that impact innovation efficiency come in four forms, namely, the targets-directed, demand-driven, supply-dominated environment optimization, and environment-dominated comprehensive pathways. Therefore, this study put forward proposals on classifying and refining the scientific and technological innovation policies and optimizing the policy mix-driven models.     

The role of corporate technology strategy and patent portfolios in low-, medium- and high-technology firms

Previous research into technology strategies and patent portfolios has focused on high-technology firms, whereas low- and medium-technology companies have been relatively neglected. Therefore, we analyze how corporate technology strategy and the size and composition of patent portfolios affect the performance of low-, medium- and high-technology firms. Data from 136 European companies are used to examine four hypotheses relating financial performance to technological diversification, technological aggressiveness, patent portfolio size, and patent portfolio quality. The cross-industry sample allows analyzing the different consequences of these strategic parameters in low-, medium- and high-technology firms by considering technological intensity as a moderator. Our first finding is that the positive impact of technological aggressiveness is limited in low- and medium-technology companies. Secondly, technological diversification has a positive effect in high-technology firms and a negative effect in low-technology firms. Thirdly, patent portfolio size has a positive effect only in high-technology firms. Finally, patent portfolio quality has an equally positive influence on all firms’ performance. In part, these results conflict with the findings of previous research into high-technology companies, and they call for rethinking the role of technology strategies and intellectual property portfolios in firms across industries.     

论技术的“性别化”

“技术与性别”论题是技术哲学与技术社会学研究新的关注点。作为与传统技术哲学研究不同方式出现的、对技术以“他者”方式进行的理论反思,技术的“性别研究”,可以获得对技术以及创造并使用技术的“性别化的人类”更全面的理解。它先后历经了两个阶段：首先是对传统技术史进行性别反思,认为需要对技术史中被忽视的女性技术发明家进行“补偿式”研究。其次则试图在社会与文化结构中探讨作为一种社会因素的“性别”对技术的建构过程。考察技术与性别关系,应既包括作为动态的技术过程中的性别因素,还须包括作为静态的技术制品与技术知识中的性别因素。反思技术的性别化问题,并不是要从技术的“男性化”时代逆转为技术的“女性化”时代,而是要力图建构“性别和谐”的技术发展价值观。     

新时期地方人才网站的创新思考

从业务,操作人员,技术三个层面探讨政府如何创新性地建设好地方人才网站,着力解决企业招工难和求职者就业难问题,为经济结构转型和产业升级提供强有力的人才支持服务。     

中国所有制结构变迁与部门工资差距问题——基于中国微观家计调查数据的实证分析

不同所有制部门间的工资差距是近年来中国收入差距现象中的一个显著维度,国有与非国有部门在不同时期,经历了由折价到溢价的工资差距现象,构成了其中一个典型特征。但由于进入国有部门者与非国有部门者可能存在系统性差异,所有制性质在多大程度上可解释二者工资差异存在质疑。本文从工资决定因素分析的视角,通过Treatment-effects模型校正样本自选择偏差,利用CHNS数据分析中国部门工资决定中各因素的影响,尤其是所有制性质对部门工资差距的影响。基于1993-2006年CHNS数据的实证分析表明,部门性质对部门工资差距具有显著的影响,这种影响呈现出由折价向溢价转换的分阶段特征,表现出了较强的政策与体制相关性。     

网络群体极化的信息学解释

本文试图从信息学的视角对网络群体极化进行分析,同时给出如何更好的规避或利用网络群体极化的建议。