Network resource,regional cluster,and technical position

Inter-firm social links are always helpful to establish mutual trust for further cooperation, and inter-firm knowledge exchange stresses the relative importance in a technological field. This study first examines the differences and relationships among the networks that are constructed by different exchanged resources, and further explores how a firm’s embedded local cluster resources and the brokerages’ roles in different inter-firm networks shape a firm’s leading position in the technical knowledge field. To construct inter-firm networks, we survey all members in the Taiwan Fastener Industry Association, collecting 87 valid samples for a 67% response rate. We use QAP (Quadratic Assignment Procedure) regressions to examine the relationships among networks, including social network (SN), information network (IN), and knowledge network (KN). We execute a negative binomial regression to investigate the importance of cluster resources and cross-regional brokering roles in SN and IN for gaining a higher position in technical KN. The results first show that the ties in SN and IN help establish cooperative partnerships in exchanging technical knowledge. Second, local cluster resources play a critical role in driving firms to gain a higher position in KN. Third, to have a leading role in KN, the brokerage roles in IN seem to be more important than the brokerages in SN. In particular, cross-regional brokerage roles (e.g., liaison) in IN strengthen their position in KN.     

基于产业集群构建区域创新系统的几点思考

首先对产业集群创新和区域创新系统的内涵进行了界定，认为产业集群系统与区域创新系统并非等同关系。从概念的外延上讲，区域创新系统包含产业创新系统；从内涵上讲，两者有重叠之处，但并不完全重合；产业集群创新系统是区域创新系统的基础，但不是核心。最后对基于产业集群创新系统构建区域创新系统作了几点思考。     

Entry, exit and knowledge: evidence from a cluster in the info-communications industry

The process by which knowledge is created, accumulated and eventually destroyed appears crucial to many industrial dynamics patterns, since it shapes the profile of evolution of industries by favouring the entry of new companies, the co-existence of incumbents and new entrants and, eventually, their selective or joint exit over time. Though problematic, and all too often neglected, the connection between two nodes of interest, Industrial Dynamics on the one hand, and Knowledge Dynamics on the other hand, thus appears as a promising field of research. On the basis of a case study in the info-communications industry, we start by emphasizing that this field of research has direct importance at the empirical level. Knowledge dynamics can create specific models of evolution among firms at the local level, such as non-shakeout patterns within the cluster, which significantly differ from more global patterns of evolution in the info-communications industry, now generally oriented towards trends of decline and bust. We further argue in favour of the development of Knowledge-Based Industrial Dynamics, an approach that lies at the interface of industry and knowledge dynamics, and which can explain how a cluster may decrease the barriers to knowledge of clustered companies and, further, create a specific knowledge dynamics that is able to shape the industrial dynamics. Finally, we document how this process of knowledge dynamics was collectively implemented in our case study on the info-communications cluster and decompose the mechanisms that led to a local non-shakeout pattern of industrial dynamics. We conclude with some remarks on the policy implications.     

克服组织惯性：数字化战略更新的实现及演进路径研究

数字经济下企业面临着复杂多变的外部环境,开展数字化战略更新活动成为传统企业生存和发展的关键。为此,选取林清轩开展案例研究,探索数字化战略更新的实现和演进路径。研究发现：(1)传统企业在开展数字化活动时,存在着认知、行动及商业模式等惯性力量,而组织学习是一种克服组织惯性的有效方式;(2)实现数字化战略更新是一个过程,经历了数字化探索、数字化提升和数字化赋能阶段,在各阶段中,企业依次克服了认知惯性、行动惯性和商业模式惯性;(3)数字化战略更新活动呈现出从IT端、营销端到流程端的数字基础设施改进、数字营销渠道推广和数字业务流程构建的演进路径。     

区域装备制造业产学研合作创新网络的实证研究——基于网络结构和网络聚类的视角

基于微观网络结构和宏观网络聚类的视角,借助联合申请发明专利数据作为支撑,选取东北三省装备制造业合作创新网络作为研究对象,分析了网络结构变量对网络成员创新产出影响效应及整体网络的聚类特征,讨论了网络特征对网络成员创新影响的作用效应及网络成员作用于网络的表现。结果表明:东北三省装备制造业合作创新网络中,中心性和结构洞对网络成员创新产出起到正向促进作用,而中间中心性并没有有效地促进创新产出;网络整体呈现"核心-边缘"的结构范式,几个创新能力较强的网络成员引领着联系紧密的子网络,处于整体网络的核心位置;由于网络连接的单一性,紧密连接的稳定网络并不一定会对其内部成员具有较大的作用力;网络密度对网络成员中介作用具有很大影响,并且创新能力较弱的成员倾向于与创新能力较强的成员组建网络密度较大技术创新联盟。     

Implementation challenges in cluster policy making: the case of the Andalusian Furniture Technology Centre

This article analyses the design and implementation of a cluster organisation, the Andalusian Furniture Technology Centre (CITMA). The case of CITMA illustrates how policy processes are inherently political and far more complex than portrayed in conventional accounts based on the linear model of innovation. Policies are, in fact, unpredictable and fraught with uncertainty, opportunity and local specificity. However, acknowledging this complexity is not enough; it has to be unpacked to foster policy learning. To this end, we have opened the black box of the organisation to understand the political process underlying its creation and dissolution. Through this narrative, we shall witness how the technology centre, initially conceived and approved as a publicly funded organisation with the aim of raising SME’s absorption capacity by providing technological services, turned into a semi-public consulting firm focused on selling business services to big companies. The outcome of this policy was precisely the opposite of what had been intended with this initiative and the consequence or the result of a top-down policy approach in which the regional ministry failed to take into account the needs, interests and resistance of the different stakeholders by unilaterally changing the project and the funding model approved by its predecessor. The CITMA case highlights the lack of a multi-disciplinary approach to innovation policy in Andalusia and the fact that innovation policies have been defined and implemented in a hierarchical and siloed fashion with little attempt at policy alignment across different areas and levels of government.     

集群企业网络嵌入对技术创新的影响——基于知识的视角

通过文献回顾,构建了集群企业网络嵌入、知识转移、知识创造与技术创新之间关系的理论模型,并以浙江杭州软件产业集群和文化创意产业集群企业为调研对象,对模型进行了检验。研究结果发现,集群企业网络嵌入对知识转移具有显著正向影响;集群企业网络嵌入对知识创造具有显著正向影响;集群企业网络嵌入并不直接影响技术创新,而是通过知识转移与知识创造间接影响技术创新;集群企业知识转移并不直接影响技术创新,而是通过知识创造的完全中介作用间接影响技术创新;加入高新技术集群类型这一控制变量后,各变量间影响关系的检验结果存在一定差异。     

全球价值链下物流产业集群升级研究——以湖南省物流产业集群为例

从全球价值链这一全球视角出发,分析了全球价值链对我国物流产业集群的影响以及我国物流产业集群在全球价值链中的地位,探讨了我国物流产业集群升级的模式和路径,并以湖南省物流产业集群为例,在分析了湖南省物流产业集群发展现状和存在的问题的基础上,认为湖南省应该抓住机遇,通过政府、行业协会、物流企业、物流集群等共同的努力,使湖南省物流产业向全球价值链高端升级.     

Greater adaptivity or greater control? Adaptation of IOR portfolios in response to technological change

This paper addresses the question of how firms accomplish the strategic task of adapting their entire set of IORs (interorganizational relationships) to changing environmental conditions. To study this, we move beyond the focus on collaboration with individual partners (the dyadic perspective) that has been the dominant emphasis in the literature until now. Instead, we view the firms’ portfolios through the lens of the different modes of IOR engaged in (licensing agreements, non-equity alliances, venture capital investments, minority investments, joint ventures, and mergers & and acquisitions). We study the role of environmental change within the high-tech setting of the bio-pharmaceutical industry and distinguish between industry technological change and firm-specific technological change. In doing so, we rely on prospect theory to theorize how firms’ perceptions of environmental change in terms of a looming loss or a potential gain affect their risk-bearing, how this leads them to adjust their IOR portfolio diversity, and how these adjustments get implemented at the mode level. Whereas most of our hypotheses were confirmed by the study, a key unexpected finding was that firms respond to both types of technological change through stronger forms of adaptation than theoretically anticipated. Firms adapt to industry technological change through an increase in the diversity of their portfolio of IORs and by churning it up, which leads to a loosening of control at the individual mode level but greater adaptivity at the portfolio level. When facing firm-specific change instead, they adapt by reducing portfolio diversity, while cutting back on collaboration across five out of the six modes. Our findings both contribute to the literature on organizational adaptation, interfirm collaboration, and IOR portfolios and provide a greater behavioral understanding of network change.     

Using cluster validation criterion to identify optimal feature subset and cluster number for document clustering

This paper presents a cluster validation based document clustering algorithm, which is capable of identifying an important feature subset and the intrinsic value of model order (cluster number). The important feature subset is selected by optimizing a cluster validity criterion subject to some constraint. For achieving model order identification capability, this feature selection procedure is conducted for each possible value of cluster number. The feature subset and the cluster number which maximize the cluster validity criterion are chosen as our answer. We have evaluated our algorithm using several datasets from the 20Newsgroup corpus. Experimental results show that our algorithm can find the important feature subset, estimate the cluster number and achieve higher micro-averaged precision than previous document clustering algorithms which require the value of cluster number to be provided.     

新生代农民工职业技能培训现状、问题和对策研究

新生代农民工逐渐成为农民工的主体,为我国经济增长和城市发展作出了重要的贡献。新生代农民工素质的高低对中国未来社会可持续发展、经济可持续增长有着重要的影响。新生代农民工受教育程度比传统农民工高,有较强烈的培训意愿,他们对培训所持的态度在一定程度上将决定他们是否参加培训。农民工职业技能培训是全面提高农民工自身素质,增强其就业能力和市场竞争地位的一项重要措施。为了适应形势上的变化,农民工技能培训内容、模式也必须随着职业、技术的发展新趋势及培训对象的变化而不断创新。     

基于集聚优势耗散的集群企业外迁动因实证研究

针对集群企业外迁现象,学术界提出了集聚优势耗散理论。基于已有研究,本文在区域层面进一步识别驱动集群企业外迁的关键要素,在企业层面揭示"能力异质性"和"规模差异性"对集群企业外迁不同的影响机制。以慈溪家电产业集群为对象的实证研究表明,在区域层面,企业不可控区域要素是影响集群企业外迁的关键动因;在企业层面,能力强的家电企业并没有表现出显著的外迁意愿,而规模大的家电企业则表现出显著的本地留守意愿。     

集群创新网络演化的复杂适应性研究

理解集群创新网络的演化特征及其影响因素对于提升地区竞争力有重要现实意义.本文依据复杂适应系统理论,运用仿真手段对集群创新网络结构的演化过程进行模拟研究.结果表明创新主体为了适应环境变化不断调整自身行为规则从而导致了集群创新网络的涌现;创新主体的知识差异大小,专业化程度强弱以及知识的传递方式对创新网络演化有着重要影响.     

网络位势对集群企业知识扩散与创新的影响研究

本文以关系、结构位势为维度分析集群内网络位势对知识扩散和创新的影响,认为丰富的网络关系资源扩大了单个集群企业知识搜寻的组织边界,并可以加快集群内知识扩散的速度与质量;占据有利网络位置的集群企业,自身享受网络位势利好的同时,能够为集群带来高质量差异化的创新资源。文章的理论分析和阐释,为我国建立区域创新系统、制定集群创新政策提供理论借鉴和参考,也为集群企业获取创新优势提供新的网络组织视角。     

制度压力、网络位置与集群企业电商实践采纳

制度压力下,企业实践是趋同还是趋异？综合复杂制度理论和资源基础理论,以产业集群为背景,以集群企业电商实践采纳为落脚点,理论和实证分析了制度压力和网络中心度对企业电商实践采纳的影响机理。研究发现,制度压力不仅对集群企业电商实践采纳具有显著正向的主效应,同时与网络中心度对集群企业电商采纳行为具有方向不同的交互效应。其中,规制压力下,中心位置的集群企业更倾向采纳;在规范压力之下,边缘位置的集群企业更倾向于采纳。     

文化视野内的小企业集群技术学习研究

文化上的根植性是小企业集群的一个鲜明特征 ,并内在地刻画了集群发展的轨迹。本文正以此为基点 ,探讨这种根植性对于小企业集群技术学习的影响。分析认为 ,文化根植通过以下三种途径正向作用于集群的协同技术学习 :(1)强化群内企业对联合学习的承诺 ;(2 )提高成员的相对技术吸收能力 ;(3)引导技术人才在群内流动。然而 ,文化根植也可能限制集群发现外部知识源而不利于其技术学习。为促进小企业集群的技术学习以提高其整体技术能力 ,应该在小企业集群中构建一种开放网络式的学习机制 ,既可充分发挥文化根植的协同作用 ,又可避免封闭性静态学习的误区     

Does light touch cluster policy work? Evaluating the tech city programme

Cluster policies are popular with policymakers, but we know surprisingly little about their effectiveness. This paper evaluates the causal impact of a flagship UK technology cluster programme that uses ‘light touch’, market-orientated interventions. I build a simple framework and identify effects using synthetic controls plus placebo tests to handle programme endogeneity concerns. I implement this design on rich workplace-level microdata from the Business Structure Database, alongside a range of other administrative sources. I explore mechanisms through further tests for timing, cross-space variation, scaling and churn. The policy grew and densified the cluster, but has much weaker, partial effects on tech firm performance. I also find most policy ‘effects’ began before rollout, raising questions about the programme's added value. More careful policy design could make future interventions more effective.     

产业集群对城市化进程的意义

产业集群这一产业发展的新趋势，是一种为了创造竞争优势而形成的产业空间组织形式，它影响着所在区域或城市的竞争力水平，从而对城市化进程有着重要的意义。分析了产业集群是如何通过提升城市竞争力来推进城市化，并对政府在培育、发展产业集群来促进城市化发展的措施上，提出了一些建议。     

对一起调换宿舍事件的处理与思考——高校辅导员工作案例分析

宿舍是学生生活的重要场所,也是引发大学生矛盾的主要场所。宿舍问题如果没有得到解决,对大学生的生活、学习、心理健康与成长将会产生很大的影响。宿舍是大学生的“第二课堂”。关注宿舍问题,利用好这一阵地对大学生进行教育引导是辅导员不可忽视的工作。该文基于一起调换宿舍事件的处理情况,对辅导员如何处理宿舍问题进行了探索与思考,并提出了相应的建议。     

高技术产业集群式协同创新模式研究

集群已成为高新技术产业发展的重要特征。然而,能否协同使用集聚区内企业间的资源是高新技术产业集群成功的关键。本文在综合产业集群理论和协同理论的基础上提出高新技术产业集群式协同创新模式,并结合我国高技术产业发展中存在的问题,从企业内外部两方面对协同创新模式进行了分析,以期为我国高新技术产业发展提供参考。