共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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This paper is an attempt to present disclosive ethics as a framework for computer and information ethics – in line with the
suggestions by Brey, but also in quite a different manner. The potential of such an approach is demonstrated through a disclosive
analysis of facial recognition systems. The paper argues that the politics of information technology is a particularly powerful
politics since information technology is an opaque technology – i.e. relatively closed to scrutiny. It presents the design
of technology as a process of closure in which design and use decisions become black-boxed and progressively enclosed in increasingly
complex socio-technical networks. It further argues for a disclosive ethics that aims to disclose the nondisclosure of politics
by claiming a place for ethics in every actual operation of power – as manifested in actual design and use decisions and practices.
It also proposes that disclosive ethics would aim to trace and disclose the intentional and emerging enclosure of politics
from the very minute technical detail through to social practices and complex social-technical networks. The paper then proceeds
to do a disclosive analysis of facial recognition systems. This analysis discloses that seemingly trivial biases in recognition
rates of FRSs can emerge as very significant political acts when these systems become used in practice.
Paper prepared for the Technology and Ethics Workshop at Twente 相似文献
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Ashley Stanley K. Chavda A. Subramanian S. V. Prabhu T. F. Ashavaid 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):239-242
The dopamine receptor-D4 and the dopamine transporter have been investigated for their role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Reports of their genetic association with ADHD have shown mixed results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) of the DRD4 and DAT1 genes with ADHD in children. A pilot 1:1 case control study, with 44 clinically confirmed ADHD cases and 44 age/gender matched healthy controls, was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Mumbai. Variable number tandem repeats of DRD4 exon 3, DAT1 intron 8 and 3′UTR were genotyped by PCR-AGE. Several allele repeats of the genes were observed in the screened subjects. Statistical significance was observed for the 10R/10R genotype of the DAT1 3′UTR VNTR between cases and controls. 相似文献
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Shivkumar Chauhan Nirmalendu Nath Vinay Tule 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):238-242
Picrorhiza kurrooa is mentioned in Ayurveda for the treatment of many disorders, but it has not been subjected to systematic
scientific investigations to assess its antidiabetic effect. The oral administration of aqueous and methanol extracts of P.
kurrooa rhizomes (250 and 500 mg / kg body weight / day) for 15 days significantly reduced blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin
and increased total hemoglobin, plasma insulin in alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. The treatment also showed significant
correction in the level of nitric oxide radicals, superoxide radicals, peroxynitrite radical, lipid peroxidation, glutathione,
glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the pancreas
of alloxan diabetic rats. 相似文献
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Prashant Kumar Rai Dolly Jaiswal Devendra K. Rai Bechan Sharma Geeta Watal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(4):387-390
In rats with streptozotocin induced severe diabetes mellitus, aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits at a dose of
1000mg/kg body weight daily once for 28 days reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, asparate amino
transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urine sugar and urine protein where as total protein
and body weight was increased. No toxic effect was observed during LD50. Our study suggests that further detailed toxicity
studies and mechanism of action of T. dioica would be useful for undertaking human trials. 相似文献
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Santosh Kumar Singh Prashant Kumar Rai Shikha Mehta Rakesh Kumar Singh Geeta Watal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):410-413
The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against hepatic complications in streptozotocin
(STZ) induced type 2 diabetic models. Effect of the pre identified most effective dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was studied
on hepatic injury caused by chemically induced diabetes by 55 mg/kg body weight i.p. injection of STZ in male Wistar rats.
The dose of 500mg/kg body weight given once daily for 14 days reduced the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,
serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urine sugar significantly (P<0.05) with increase
in total protein, haemoglobin and body weight was increased. High LD50 validates its high margin of safety. 相似文献
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T. A. Ajith 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(1):67-73
Iron is an essential nutrient for a number of cellular activities. However, excess cellular iron can be toxic by producing
reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O2−) and hydroxyl radical (HO·) that damage proteins, lipids and DNA. Mutagenic and genotoxic end products of lipid peroxidation can induce the decline
of mitochondrial respiration and are associated with various human ailments including aging, neurodegenerative disorders,
cancer etc. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) is a widely used spice around the world. The protective effect of aqueous
ethanol extract of Z. officinale against ROS-induced in vitro lipid peroxidation and DNA damage was evaluated in this study.
The lipid peroxidation was induced by hydroxyl radical generated from Fenton’s reaction in rat liver and brain homogenates
and mitochondrial fraction (isolated from rat liver). The DNA protection was evaluated using H2O2-induced changes in pBR-322 plasmid and Fenton reaction-induced DNA fragmentation in rat liver. The results indicated that
Z. officinale significantly (P<0.001) protected the lipid peroxidation in all the tissue homogenate/mitochondria. The extract
at 2 and 0.5 mg/ml could protect 92 % of the lipid peroxidation in brain homogenate and liver mitochondria respectively. The
percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation at 1mg/ml of Z. officinale in the liver homogenate was 94 %. However, the extract
could partially alleviate the DNA damage. The protective mechanism can be correlated to the radical scavenging property of
Z. officinale. The results of the study suggest the possible nutraceutical role of Z. officinale against the oxidative stress
induced human ailments. 相似文献
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M. Bokaeian A. Nakhaee Bita Moodi A. Farhangi Azim Akbarzadeh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(2):182-187
The anti-candidial effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats. Diabetes was induced after a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Rats were divided into six
groups with fifteen rats in each group: (1) Normal control rats (2) Control rats + C. albicans (3) Control rats + garlic extract
+ C. albicans (4) Diabetic control rats (5) Diabetic rats + C. albicans (6) Diabetic rats + garlic extract + C. albicans.
The concerned groups were inoculated with C.albicans on the 15 th day. At the end of one month experiment, fasted rats were
killed by cervical decapitation. Blood was collected for estimation of glucose and C. albicans concentrations were estimated
in liver and kidneys homogenates. A significant increase was observed in serum glucose levels in diabetic rats. A loss of
bodyweight, polydipsia and polyphagia were observed in diabetic rats. Administration of alcoholic extract of garlic (0.25
g/kg body weight) reduced the hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyphagia and associated weight loss of streptozotocin-treated rats.
Administration of garlic extract significantly reduced C. albicans concentrations in liver and kidneys homogenates in infected
control and diabetic rats. It is concluded that garlic extract improves candidia infection in diabetic rats. 相似文献
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P. K. Rai D. Jaiswal S. Mehta D. K. Rai B. Sharma Geeta Watal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(2):175-181
This study deals with the effects of freeze dried rhizome powder of Curcuma longa (C. longa) dissolved in milk on normal as
well as diabetic models. Diabetes of type II and type I was within 3 days of a single administration of doses of 45 and 65
mg kg−1 of streptozotocin respectively. Various parameters such as blood glucose levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density
lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic
pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, hemoglobin, urine protein and urine sugar in addition to body weight
were taken in to consideration and were analyzed after administration of variable doses of rhizome powder. The dose of 200
mg kg−1 was identified as the most effective dose as it increased HDL, Hb and bw (P<0.05) with significant decrease in the levels
of blood glucose, lipid profile and hepatoprotective enzymes (P<0.001). 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of an on-going research project aiming at developing GraviCS, an information system supporting local government and citizens in managing argumentations during the setting up of a Regional Natural Park in Southern Italy. We consider that organizational memory, structured within information systems supporting decision-making and action in organizational environments, can be a useful means for developing multilevel (individual, group, organizational) collaborative learning; in this sense the system architecture was designed referring to the organizational domain emerging in the decision making context of a Natural Park and was finalized to the dynamic representation of the organizational memory. Starting from the case study – the process for the Gravina Natural Park setting-up – , the paper describes the system's architecture and discusses some issues related to: possible dynamic representations of organizational memory; creation, use and storage of decision/learning histories. 相似文献
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Knowledge is the currency of the current economy and a vital resource for sustaining organisational performance in today’s knowledge-based intensively competitive business environment. To avoid the detrimental consequences of knowledge loss, managers are urged to identify where knowledge stocks exist and how knowledge flows within their organisations by identifying knowledge holders among their employees. Although some studies have attempted to use different methods to measure knowledge at the organisational level, very few have addressed the individual knowledge holder. Moving from a critical literature review of the existing knowledge measurement approaches, this paper proposes a novel framework that enables organisations to measure individual knowledge in the business context using a set of metrics, which are subsequently validated via a series of in-depth interviews with senior managers. A summary of the managers’ views on individual knowledge measurement is presented, and reflections on the industry application of the proposed framework and recommendations for its improvement are also discussed. 相似文献
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Amirhosein Khoshi Yousof Mortazavi Abbass Akbari Sepideh Sokhanvar Sadraddin Kalantari 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):381-387
Elevated Apolipoprotein B Apolipoprotein A-I ratio is a risk factor for predicting coronary artery disease (CAD). Paraoxonase
1 (PON1) is a high density lipoprotein (HDL) associated serum enzyme. PON1 protects lowdensity lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidative
modifications and thus has a protective effect against CAD progression. There are two common polymorphisms, Q192R and L55M,
in PON1 gene. There may be a relationship between these polymorphisms and elevated ApoB/ApoA-I ratios. Therefore, we decided
to evaluate effect of these polymorphisms on individuals with high and normal ApoB/ApoA-I ratios. To evaluate Q192R and L55M
polymorphisms in Iranian case group (n=75) with high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio, and control group (n=75) with normal ApoB/ApoA-I ratio,
we carried out PCR using specific primers. Then, we digested PCR products by RFLP. ApoB and ApoA-I levels were determined
by immunoturbidimetry method. Genotype frequencies for Q192R were determined: 49.3%QQ, 44%QR, 6.7%RR in case group, and 53.3%QQ,
33.3%QR, 13.4%RR in controls (P= 0.236). Genotype frequencies for L55M were determined: 21.3%LL, 68%LM, 10.7%MM in case group
and 42.7%LL, 52%LM, 5.3%MM in controls (P= 0.016). A significant relationship between L55M polymorphism and familial history
of cardiovascular disease was found (P= 0.011). In our study PON1L55M polymorphism was associated with high ApoB/ApoA-I ratios
in case group. Thus, L55M polymorphism may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Since L55M polymorphism
was associated with familial history of cardiovascular disease, it is better to evaluate L55M polymorphism in younger ages
even in the absence of high ApoB/ApoA-I ratios. 相似文献
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