Challenges to university autonomy in initial teacher education programmes: The cases of England,Manitoba and British Columbia

Since the middle of the twentieth century in England and Canada responsibility for the design and delivery of pre-service teacher programmes has been located primarily in universities and their Faculties/Schools of Education. Operating within a tradition of university autonomy, the governance of these programmes is nonetheless constrained by the accreditation and certification requirements of the state and the profession and the pragmatic demands of teachers’ work. Over the last two decades, a variety of provisions have been made to regulate the pre-service preparation of teachers in both countries that have afforded quite different roles and authority to the state, the university, and the teaching profession. It is the interplay of these pressures on the governance of initial teacher preparation in three different jurisdictions—England, Manitoba and British Columbia—and the characterisation of teacher preparation associated with each, that is the focus of this article.     

Viewing Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs as Sensible Systems*

This article discusses theoretical assumptions either explicitly stated or implied in research on teachers’ beliefs. Such research often assumes teachers can easily articulate their beliefs and that there is a one-to-one correspondence between what teachers state and what researchers think those statements mean. Research conducted under this paradigm often reports inconsistencies between teachers’ beliefs and their actions. This article describes an alternative framework for conceptualizing teachers’ beliefs that views teachers as inherently sensible rather than inconsistent beings. Instead of viewing teachers’ beliefs as inconsistent, teachers’ abilities to articulate their beliefs as well as researchers’ interpretations of those beliefs are seen as problematic. Implications of such a view for research on teacher beliefs as well as for the practice of mathematics teacher education are discussed. This article is based on the author’s doctoral dissertation completed at the University of Georgia under the direction of Thomas J. Cooney. Parts of this article were presented at the 2004 meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (Toronto, Canada).     

Preparing teachers for professional learning: is there a future for teacher education in new teacher induction?

Today the quality of teachers is held to be increasingly important yet there continue to be doubts about whether teacher education programs graduate teachers ready to meet the challenges of their initial years of teaching. In some jurisdictions, other agencies (Ministries of Education, school districts, and private providers) are supplementing the work of teacher education through the introduction of new teacher induction programs which have become favoured policy initiatives to enhance new teacher transition, retention and quality. Evidence suggests that induction and mentoring increase teacher retention and ensure more effective socialisation of new teachers into the school culture. In spite of their growing popularity, the degree to which induction programs complement teacher education and/or impact new teacher professional learning remains unclear. In this paper the authors report a secondary analysis of data from an evaluation of the New Teacher Induction Program in Ontario, Canada to consider the implications for the future of teacher education by asking: What are the challenges facing new teachers? In what ways does the induction program support new teacher professional learning? What are the major implications for the future of teacher education?     

从芬兰的基础教育看其教师教育大学化发展

在世界范围教师教育改革的浪潮中,远在北欧的芬兰,以“质量高、差异小、奇迹教育”等评价成为了世界教育的“超级明星”。文章从芬兰的基础教育切入,立足于具体介绍芬兰基础教育成功的一个核心因素：成功高效的教师队伍建设。没有成功高效的教师队伍就没有芬兰基础教育的成功,而成功高效的教师队伍则直接得益于芬兰教师教育大学化的程度、培养模式、质量保证体系、教师评价体系等诸多方面。     

New Teachers, High-Stakes Diversity, and the Performance-Based Conundrum

This article explores the impact of high-stakes gate-keeping assessments (of both K-12 students and new teachers) on teacher development of equitable teaching practices. Drawing from two studies of field experiences in Washington State—one of teacher interns and one of cooperating teachers—findings include that state level policies in response to NCLB may actually be decreasing teacher attention to closing the achievement gap. Further, the article explores how even progressive performance-based standards—when administered “globalistically”—are generally ineffective. After discussing university complicity in exacerbating the problem, the paper concludes with ways policymakers may shift their attention from creating complicated rubrics to promoting relationships that support pedagogical change.Jason Margolis is an Assistant Professor in Teacher Education and Professional Development Partnerships, Washington State University.     

基于标准驱动的职前幼儿师资培养的思考

为深化教师教育改革,教育部发布了《教师教育课程标准（试行）》。而成功地实施高期望的标准,必然需要一种系统的标准驱动的教师教育改革,从而确保高校教师教育机构培养出来的教师的合格性和专业性。文章对基于标准的职前幼儿师资培养特征与实施模式进行了分析,并对我国教师教育标准体系的建立完善、我国早期儿童学习与发展标准与幼儿教师教育等相关问题作了进一步思考。     

美国教师教育新动向——兼析《我们的未来,我们的教师》

美国教师教育面临的诸多问题既为教师培养方案改革带来了新的挑战,也创造了新的机遇。美国教育部最新发布的《我们的未来,我们的教师：奥巴马政府教师教育改革与提高计划》,旨在通过建立制度报告与各州问责、总统教学激励以及少数民族服务机构的目标性投资,来遴选、培养、补充、支持、留任、发展教师,以将教师的资质提升到与教学这一伟大专业相匹配的水平和高度。     

我国师范大学教育学院人才培养现状调查研究

作为培养未来教师的主要基地,师范大学教育学院有责任也有义务认真搞好教师教育。但是,通过调查发现,目前我国师范大学教育学院存在人才培养目标定位狭窄、人才培养层次较低、专业与课程设置脱离基础教育、师资构成不合理等问题。在教师教育大学化、专业化等背景下,师范大学应该采取提高教育学院的整体地位,调整教育学院人才培养目标,提升教育学院人才培养层次,按不同任教阶段、不同学科调整专业和课程,合理调整教师教育师资队伍等策略实现转型。     

Teaching Philosophy of Education: The Value of Questions

The teaching of foundations courses, and in particular philosophy of education, is frequently under siege in teacher education programs across Canada, as these programs struggle to meet other demands on student teachers. This article results from a panel discussion addressing the context of a variety of undergraduate philosophy of education courses across the country, and the principles and practices instructors take in teaching their discipline. The result of the discussion is a strong argument in favour of teaching philosophy of education as an important means of achieving many of the other aims Faculties of Education and teacher education programs have for their teacher education students, in an atmosphere of reflective thought about the profession and its challenges.     

Reflections on the Teacher Education System Overhaul (TESO) program in Ethiopia: Promises, pitfalls, and propositions

In 2003 the Ethiopian education system experienced wide-ranging reform that touches every aspect of the system. This reform is called TESO (Teacher Education System Overhaul). Designed to address educational problems in Ethiopia, TESO introduced significant structural changes and promised to bring a ‘paradigm shift’ in the Ethiopian educational system by engaging teacher education in changing society and promoting democratic, practical, and problem-solving education. This paper examines, through an analysis of the TESO document and an examination of the views of teacher educators, TESO’s assumptions, mission and the coherence among the various components of TESO. It also reveals gaps and discrepancies between TESO’s mission, its reform process, and strategies. The promise and assumptions of TESO are challenged by considering extant realities in Ethiopian schools and evidence from literature on effective teacher education programs and educational reform. The paper reflects on how, by giving priority to equity, TESO compromises on some elements of effective teacher education programs. It is indicated that TESO has been a welcome addition to the Ethiopian education system as it addresses elements that had previously been missing from the system, such as, outlining directions to teacher education, devoting longer duration for practicum, and heeding seriously to the professional preparation of teachers. At the same time, it is contended that the imbalance among program components, its permeability to ill-prepared students and the contradiction between program rhetoric and strategy and reform processes, as described by teacher educators, could be stumbling blocks which prevent TESO from fulfilling its promises.     

Curriculum Mapping in Higher Education: A Vehicle for Collaboration

This qualitative study makes the case for the implementation of curriculum mapping, a procedure that creates a visual representation of curriculum based on real time information, as a way to increase collaboration and collegiality in higher education. Through the use of curriculum mapping, eleven faculty members in a western state university Teacher Licensure program aligned and revised the teacher education curriculum across a sequence of courses. An increase in collaboration and collegiality among faculty emerged as an unintended outcome as a result of participation in the project. Kay Pippin Uchiyama  is currently the Assessment Coordinator for the Poudre School District in Fort Collins, Colorado. During this study, she was an Assistant Professor of Teacher Education at Colorado State University and a co-primary investigator for the Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Data grant. She received her Ph.D. in Instruction and Curriculum in the Content Areas with an emphasis on Teacher Education and Learning to Teach from the University of Colorado at Boulder. Her interests include data driven instruction, assessment for learning, teacher education, professional development schools, and mathematics education. Her email is kuchiyam@psdschools.org. Jean L. Radin  is an adjunct professor at Colorado State University and a co-primary investigator for the Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Data grant. She received her Ph.D. from Colorado State University. Her interests are brain-based teaching and learning, data driven instructional practices, teacher education and professional development schools. Her email is jradin@cahs.colorado.edu.     

An Ethic of Caring: The Fuel for High Teacher Efficacy

In this article I discuss ways of increasing teacher efficacy identified as a key belief system in the enhancement of teacher effectiveness. Teacher efficacy is defined and its impact on teacher effectiveness explored. The need to increase teacher efficacy to enhance the design, implementation and outcomes of instruction is discussed with special focus on caring and its potential as a catalyst for expanding teachers’ perception of their power to make a difference in the lives and performance of their students. Dr. Marta D. Collier is a tenured associate professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction in the College of Education and Health Professions at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Dr. Collier earned her undergraduate degree in elementary education from Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana and her masters and Ph.D. degrees in elementary education from the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Her research interests include the impact of caring on teaching and learning, the incorporation of culturally relevant children and youth literature into literacy instruction, and the design of preschool, primary and elementary classrooms that promote active teaching and learning. Dr. Collier’s teaching interests include early childhood pedagogy and program development, classroom learning theory and children’s literature.     

教师教育的改革与创新——2007年国际教师教育研讨会综述

本文对2007年国际教师教育论坛的交流与研讨进行概要介绍。分析了当前国际教师教育领域里的热点问题,探讨了国际教师教育改革与创新的特点,重点阐发了国际教师教育创新的政策支持、教师专业发展的国际比较与合作开发、国际教师专业发展的创新实践等方面的发展趋势,以及国际教师教育改革对我国当前的教师教育改革与发展研究的启示。     

教师教育的改革与创新——2007年国际教师教育研讨会综述

本文对2007年国际教师教育论坛的交流与研讨进行概要介绍,分析了当前国际教师教育领域里的热点问题,探讨了国际教师教育改革与创新的特点,重点阐发了国际教师教育创新的政策支持、教师专业发展的国际比较与合作开发、国际教师专业发展的创新实践等方面的发展趋势,以及国际教师教育改革对我国当前的教师教育改革与发展研究的启示。     

英国合格教师的职业标准及初任教师培训的要求

近年来，为提高教师质量，英国政府根据对教师职业及教师教育性质的新理解，在职前教师教育改革方面进行了很多尝试。其中“合格教师的职业标准及初任教师培训的要求”即成为确保教师教育质量的有力支持之一。     

Middle years teacher education: New programs and research directions

Teacher education programs focussing on the development of specialist teachers for ‘the middle years’ have proliferated in Australian universities in recent years. This paper provides some insights into middle years’ teacher education programs at the University of Queensland, Edith Cowan and Flinders Universities with regard to their: philosophical underpinnings; specific educational context; scope and nature of the program. In addition, some of the research directions and efficacy strategies utilised in conjunction with the programs will be shared, along with some early findings from a longitudinal study in one of the programs. We propose that the pattern of programmatic growth heralds a new time for teacher education, and we speculate about the production of new kinds of teacher identities as graduates take their place in the profession.     

菲律宾能力本位的教师标准述评

菲律宾曾是一个殖民地国家,教育制度沿袭了宗主国的传统。近年来,鉴于经济、政治、社会背景的不同,基础教育发展遭遇瓶颈,教师群体矛盾日益突出。从2007年起菲律宾教育部开始推行教师教育与发展项目,经过近两年的发展又推出能力本位的教师标准,以期改善教师群体状态,进而改善基础教育。     

综合性大学中师范教育资源的配置与整合——美国伊利诺大学的师范教育模式及启示

美国伊利诺大学(厄巴纳—香槟学区)为了充分整合综合性大学中的各种资源用于师范教育,设立了以教师教育理事会为首的组织系统,合理地安排了教育学院和其他学院的分工和协作,形成了比较成熟的在综合性大学中办师范教育的模式,这些做法值得我们借鉴,尤其是教学内容型教师培养模式、组织领导机构模式和通过加修“小专业”实现专业方向灵活转换的做法对我国的师范教育改革有重要的借鉴意义。     

Addressing the Sociopolitical Realities of Teaching through Standards-Based Reform to Post-Licensure Master’s Degree Programs

ABSTRACT

Physical education teacher education programs have a responsibility to prepare preservice teachers in the technical aspects of teaching while also preparing them for the sociopolitical realities of teaching a marginalized subject. There is also a need for inservice teachers to engage in continuing professional development related to socialization and school sociopolitics to build upon lessons learned during initial teacher education. In the United States, one such professional development opportunity is reflected in master’s degree programs. These programs are typically guided by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education advanced standards for physical education teacher education. However, these standards do not currently have any reference to socialization or sociopolitical learning. The purpose of this article is to propose that an additional standard focusing on sociopolitical skills and teacher socialization be added to the National Association for Sport and Physical Education advanced standards for U.S.-based post-licensure master’s degree programs.     

美国教师教育大学化的课程开发新进展

美国从颁布《不让一个孩子掉队》法案以来,教师质量问题成为改革的中心议题。美国教育改革者主张,师范生如果在大学里准备不够充分,就不可能达到优质教师的标准。21世纪初美国教育部建立"有效的教师准备课程国家奖励项目",目的是通过优质教师教育课程评选,有力推动师范生达成高学术性标准,成为有效教师。因而,教师教育课程开发和变革成为当前美国教师教育改革的重大主题。