William Cullen Bryant's occasional addresses

Although most people know William Cullen Bryant as one of America's great nineteenth‐century poets, not many think of him as a leading editor of a New York newspaper. And few indeed realize that he was one of the leading public speakers of his time.     

阅读疗法立体化运作模式探究

泰山医学院图书馆针对当前国内高校阅读疗法实务性研究存在的问题,创建了阅读疗法研究基地,开展了阅读疗法立体化运作模式的探究工作。采用了以阅读疗法为主,音乐疗法、朋辈辅导、心理咨询四法并举的大学生心理健康教育方法,实现了主体立体化、媒介立体化和方法立体化的阅读疗法运作模式的建构。得出了阅读疗法立体化模式,亲缘方法互补、多种媒介、多部门共同呵护大学生心灵,更有利于推广阅读疗法的结论。     

Bibliotherapy for mental health service users Part 1: a systematic review

Aims and objectives: UK health policy advocates a patient‐centred approach to patient care. Library services could serve the rehabilitation needs of mental health service users through bibliotherapy (the use of written, audio, or e‐learning materials to provide therapeutic support). Part 1 of a two part article describes a systematic review of the evidence for the effectiveness of bibliotherapy in mental health services. Methods: The systematic review of the literature used Cochrane guidelines, together with an overview of evaluations of bibliotherapy initiatives, and assessments of the needs of adult mental health service users for rehabilitation support. Results: The evidence strongly suggests that library‐based interventions and the provision of information could be beneficial for service users and economical for the health service in assisting treatment of a range of conditions. At present, public libraries in the UK are developing basic bibliotherapy services. Conclusions: Librarians, including librarians working for the health service, might provide more sophisticated bibliotherapy services, but the evidence to guide delivery is limited.     

The author-publisher relationships of Louisa May Alcott

Louisa May Alcott was one of the most popular authors of the nineteenth century. However, Alcott’s literary career would not have been so successful without the help and advice of various publishers and editors, such as W.W. Clapp, Frank Leslie, James Redpath, James Elliott, A.K. Loring, and most notably Thomas Niles of Roberts Brothers. All of these publishers or editors helped Alcott to develop from a writer of lurid, sensational tales to the accomplished professional author of American classics. In the nineteenth century, it was more than often the publisher who exerted great influence over the nature of a literary work, from its subject matter to its marketing. This article focuses on Alcott’s relationships with her many publishers and shows how they helped Alcott develop her own style and subjects into a rewarding career as a writer. Daniel Shealy, visiting assistant professor at Clemson University, is co-editor ofThe Selected Letters of Louisa May Alcott, scheduled for publication by Little, Brown in August 1987.     

Why Were There No Great Chinese Paintings in American Museums before the Twentieth Century?

To understand the major shift in Americans' attitudes about Chinese art between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it is essential to know not only what the American collectors thought, but also the social history of these collectors and their agents. Since the advent of the field of material culture studies, scholars have begun to look at museum objects, whether as art or not, from the perspective of different lives—that of their makers and users. It seems that the lack of “great” Chinese paintings in American museums before the twentieth century may be due to the fact that the nineteenth century American collectors and their Chinese agents differed from their twentieth century counterparts in what they regarded as “great,” what they thought was “Chinese,” and what they defined as “paintings.”     

Moral and humane: patients' libraries in early nineteenth-century American mental hospitals

"Moral treatment" designates a period in American psychiatry in the first half of the nineteenth century when retreats and asylums, following the example of the York Retreat in England, began to offer humane care to the mentally ill. Patients had a close and personal relationship with the hospital superintendent or the resident physician; positive behavior was rewarded and patients were expected to exercise self-control. Moral treatment was marked by a well-ordered daily routine in which patients followed a therapeutic regimen of work and leisure activities. Reading was regarded as both therapeutic and recreational, and was highly recommended. For this reason, retreats and asylums maintained book collections and considered library services an important aspect of the patients' therapeutic program. This paper examines patients' library activities in eight early nineteenth-century mental hospitals where moral treatment was practiced.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

四个范式:欧洲档案学的观念和战略的变化——1840年以来西方档案观念与战略的变化

本报告首先梳理了西方档案理论与档案史,探讨了那些激发档案专业思想、战略及方法的概念,其次又着重阐述了档案鉴定这个由档案工作者从人类文献记录中挑选出很小比例作为档案长久保存的过程。19世纪至今的档案工作者对其工作、职能、活动及社会作用的认识经历了(或者说显示了)四个大的思想框架(或范式),探讨和了解这个背景可以让我们更好地认识和应对我们现在所处的这个数字时代的挑战。     

A. P. Watt,literary agent

Today it would be hard to imagine the publishing world without literary agents. But agents are relative newcomers. The first arrived on the British literary scene some time in the late 1870s; A. P. Watt is generally regarded as the first true agent. It was Watt who defined the role and function of the agent and established a standard of conduct by which his contemporaries and successors were measured. Watt’s activities had great impact on the business of publishing and on the types of literature writers produced. In fact, the agent was one of the main factors in the radical transformation of the publishing world that occurred at the end of the nineteenth century. This article looks at Watt’s legacy: it focuses on both the publishing world and the institution of the literary agency. It suggests that Watt was a dominant force in both and that, without him, literary agency might not have prospered so well or so quickly. She studied at Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar and received her D.Phil. in 1988. She is working on a book about the British literary agent.     

Living Library为高校开展阅读疗法提供新契机

阅读疗法的理论、实践在我国已取得长足发展,但还未得到普及和推广。Living Li-brary作为图书馆新型的服务方式,为阅读疗法常态化机制的建立提供了新契机。该文简要介绍了阅读疗法与Living Library的兴起与现状,分析了高校图书馆传统的阅读疗法存在的不足与高校开展Living Library活动的巨大潜力,从Living Library的主题确定、Living Book的甄选、编目和管理、导读及阅读疗法的常态化机制的建立上阐述了Living Library与阅读疗法的融合。指出Living Library可以克服阅读疗法信息单向流动的弊端,实现了"书"与读者之间的双向交流互动。     

Media Archeology in Spain

Based on a carefully selected list of references in Spanish, the following text presents a brief history of the magic lantern in Spain, from its invention to the beginning of its decadence as a social medium of communication. The magic lantern emerged in the seventeenth century, with the application of a series of physical principles that allowed the first attempts and experiences of image projection, such as the one described by Juana Inés de la Cruz in Sueño, a silva strophe published in Seville in 1692. As a device, the magic lantern finally was consolidated during the last quarter of the eighteenth century, mainly due to the popular sessions of phantasmagorias, which, in Spain, were run by projectionists such as Juan González Mantilla, or Robertson himself. After the magic lantern became institutionalized and commercialized throughout the whole Iberian Peninsula—the same as in the rest of Europe—its decline took place in the last decade of the nineteenth century, when it had to compete with the cinematograph.     

Library work with brain damaged patients: a new mode of bibliotherapy

Though bibliotherapy has long been used as a supplement to medical therapeutics, it has heretofore been based upon the patient's reading and discussion of selected books. This paper reports the first instance of bibliotherapy with nonreaders. The special limitations of brain damaged patients are discussed, and a flexible program of library work with these patients is set forth. An interdisciplinary approach to bibliotherapy is suggested.     

我国阅读疗法的实践模式

分析了一般阅读疗法、类临床阅读疗法和临床阅读疗法,提出了初、中、高级阅读疗法师的分级和界定,介绍了国内阅读疗法的4种实践模式。     

高校图书馆和心理辅导中心合作开展阅读疗法

阐述了高校图书馆与心理辅导中心合作开展阅读疗法的意义和紧迫性,提出了开辟“阅读疗法”新书架,由心理辅导中心对馆员进行专业培训,成立阅读治疗研究小组,强化阅读疗法的宣传教育等措施。     

The Origins of the Russian Collection at the Library of Congress (1800–1906)

This article traces the development of the Russian collection at the Library of Congress during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Library of Congress, which was intended to be a small legislative library, initially added books about Russia in English translation and on limited subjects. The purchase of the Jefferson library brought the first Russian-language books to the collection, but the Russian collection would not truly begin to grow until the 1866 Smithsonian Deposit and the development of international exchanges in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The author made heavy use of the many printed Library of Congress catalogs and supplements, as well as archival sources, in the course of this research.     

Influences of the Digest Classification System: What Can We Know?

Robert C. Berring has called West Publishing Company's American Digest System “the key aspect of the new form of legal literature” that West and other publishers developed in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Berring argued that West's digests provided practicing lawyers not only the means for locating precedential cases, but a “paradigm for thinking about the law itself” that influenced American lawyers until the development of online legal research systems in the 1970s. This article discusses questions raised by Berring's scholarship, and examines the late nineteenth and early twentieth century legal environment in which the West digests were created and became essential research tools for American lawyers.     

Journalism and emerging professionalism in Ireland

This article examines one of the first attempts by Irish journalists to establish a professional representative organisation. Established in near-tandem and in response to the establishment of the National Association of Journalists of Great Britain in 1884, the Association of Irish Journalists presents a unique insight into early attempts at professionalism by Irish journalists that were ultimately thwarted by the bitter divisions that, amid demands for home rule and a violent campaign for tenant rights, characterised Irish politics and journalism in the late nineteenth century. While no records of the Association survive, this article utilises digital newspaper archives to shed light on journalistic practice, solidarity, and division amid early attempts at professional organisation among journalists in late nineteenth-century Ireland.     

阅读疗法对大学生心理健康影响的实验研究

当前,大学生心理健康教育工作已受到社会各界广泛关注,心理学界关于心理健康教育的理论和实践的新成果不断涌现,这为我们开展阅读疗法的实验奠定了基础。本研究随机选取300名2005级大学生,运用《大学生心理健康量表》对他们进行集体测量,筛选出40名心理健康状况在轻微问题以上的大学生,对他们实施3个月阅读疗法的集体干预。研究结果表明：阅读疗法对大学生心理健康教育是有效的,能够对大学生心理健康产生显著影响,可以提高大学生心理健康水平。高校图书馆建立阅读疗法阅览室可以成为解决大学生心理健康问题的新途径。     

3D Representations in Museums

Abstract Museums have developed strategies to allow their visitors to “walk through” three‐dimensional replicas of great cathedrals and palaces, tombs and catacombs, stately houses and other architectural achievements from distant lands and ages, and to walk around the great sculptures of the past several millenniums. Casts (three‐dimensional replicas) provided these 3D experiences in the mid‐nineteenth century. In many respects, the older technology of casts retains its advantages over the present state of digital virtual reality, though it has fallen out of favor. This article examines the usefulness of this earlier way of viewing sculptural objects.     

焦虑与舒平:基于缓解大学生焦虑情绪的一份“阅疗书方”

在诸多大学生心理问题中,焦虑是最显著的表现形式之一。"阅读疗愈"的兴起为缓解大学生焦虑情绪提供了一条新的思路。文章分析了大学生焦虑情绪的不同诱因以及"阅读疗法"对其的适用性,提出11本推荐书目,尽可能包含不同时代、不同国家、不同文化、不同篇幅、不同语言风格的小说、绘本、散文、诗歌、回忆录等多种选择,以期为开列大学生焦虑情绪对症"书方"做出有益的探索。