碳限额交易机制下嵌入式低碳服务供应链模型研究

基于碳限额交易机制,构建碳排放依赖型制造商、低碳服务提供商和第三方金融机构分别作为减排投资主体的嵌入式低碳服务供应链模型,研究不同主体投资对制造商的产量决策、低碳服务项目减排效率及供应链收益的影响。研究发现,碳排放依赖型企业作为减排投资主体更有利于减排效率的提升以及收益的增加;运用两部制费用契约能够协调制造商投资时的嵌入式低碳服务供应链,实现帕累托改进。最后分析关键参数对最优决策和收益的影响,为企业决策提供参考。     

知识产权风险投资风险水平的量化研究:浙江实证

基于总绝对偏差法和市盈率法,采用2009—2011年浙江省156家创投机构(包括基金公司)所投的605个知识产权风险投资项目的数据资料,对投资风险状况及其行业差异进行实证量化分析。研究结果显示,知识产权风险投资呈现出明显的投资收益与风险的对称性及行业差异,传播与文化娱乐等是高风险、高收益投资行业,医药保健、通讯设备业等是低风险、低收益的投资行业,而新材料工业则是一个非典型的高风险、低收益行业。     

风险投资的交易设计研究

风险投资是一种高风险与高收益并存的投资形式，由于风险投资者与创业者之间的信息不对称性，从而出现双方的风险和收益的分摊问题。文章从实际应用的角度出发，分析了合理的投资交易设计对解决这一问题的重要性，并设计完善交易体系，从而界定交易双方的风险和利益地位，使风险投资者所承当的风险减少到最低程度。     

关于风险投资者和投资管理机构的关系模型

由于信息不对称，风险投资管理机构存在很大的道德风险。本文通过风险投资者和投资管理机构之间的关系研究认为，使投资管理者的回报和基金收益挂钩和公布投资管理者的业绩信息，可以对投资管理者进行有效的激励和约束。     

创新效率对股票收益的影响机制——制造业上市公司的实证研究

采用2005—2013年中国制造业上市公司的面板数据,从信息不对称的视角出发,建立了创新效率(企业每1元的创新投入所带来的专利产出能力)对企业股票收益的影响机制。研究发现:由于创新活动在投资者与企业之间形成了特殊的信息不对称,导致企业创新效率每增加1%,股票收益会下降0.013个单位,而财务分析师对企业创新活动的跟踪,则对2者的关系具有正向调节作用。未来政策设计应健全会计信息披露制度、支持财务分析师行业的发展。     

行政管理减排机制对企业生产策略的影响研究

行政管理机制是实现政府减排目标的一种重要方式,本文研究行政管理减排机制对企业生产策略及收益的影响。在企业的产品需求为随机变量的条件下,分别建立了强制减排机制和税费机制下的企业生产优化模型。通过对比两种机制下企业的最优生产策略及其期望收益的变化,表明了税费机制是一种比强制机制更有利的、促进政府减排目标实现的方式,是一种能够实现政府与企业的"双赢"机制。     

双重信息不对称下企业污染减排激励契约研究

应用机制设计理论构建了污染减排技术与努力程度均为企业私人信息的污染减排激励模型,分别设计了混同激励契约与分离激励契约,并对契约相关参数进行了数理分析与数值仿真。结果表明:减排技术低的企业始终获得保留收益,减排技术高的企业可以获得额外收益;政府倾向于采用分离激励契约,减排技术高的企业倾向于混同激励契约;分离激励契约不利于企业污染减排技术的提高。最后,根据分析结果为政府决策提出了相应建议。     

上海股票市场资本资产定价模型实证检验

本文对上海股市的资本资产定价模型进行意境必横截面数据检验,研究了股市风险与收益的关系,并对上海股市的特点进行了分析。结果发现上海股市系统性风险与收益存在正相关关系,但并不是ＣＡＰＭ所预料的线性关系,说明还有其它风险因素在股票定价中起着不名忽视的作用;投资者的投机需求大于投资需求,相当多的投资者关注的不是资本的时间价值,而是追求高风险所带来的高收益。     

构建最佳投资组合

Markowitz投资组合理论假设了投资者根据证券的历史收益估计证券的预期收益,并且投资者在两个相互制约的目标——预期收益率最大化和收益率不确定性(风险)的最小化——之间寻求平衡,并由此推导出一条弯曲的投资组合的有效边界;资本资产定价理论则把无风险证券引入投资组合理论,改进了有效边界,使之成为一条笔直的资本市场线,为投资组合的构建提供了理论指导。     

政府干预、外部投资与企业自主创新——基于信号传递博弈模型

针对我国企业自主创新普遍面临着融资约束和研发投入不足的问题,运用信号传递模型,对政府干预、外部投资与企业自主创新的主体行为进行研究。结果显示:致力于基础建设和创新开发的政府都会选择对辖区内企业实施高干预;企业接收到信号会选择实施创新开发活动,外部投资者会采取投资行为,其参与与否对最终均衡结构产生显著影响;最终的均衡与企业创新成功的概率、外部投资活动成功的概率及收益有关。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.