CAS to Address Water Eutrophication

At a meeting on April 5, the CAS authorities gave the green light to a proposal to carry out studies on the development and control of eutrophication on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The five-year project,to cost 20 million yuan (about USS 2.4 million), will involve scientists from various CAS institutes, including the Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Wuhan Institute of Hydrobiology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Botany, Institute of Chemistry, Institute of Geodesy & Geophysics, and Institute of Microbiology.     

Genetic modification of cassava enhances starch production

Recently, a field test of transgenic cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) for enhanced starch production by the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology (SIPPE), the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,     

国家自然科学基金数理学部重点项目的计量分析

以国家自然科学基金数理科学部17年来530项重点资助项目为对象,对重点项目的资助金额、依托单位、学科领域状况进行定量分析。得出以下结论:近年来数理科学部重点项目的资助总金额占当年自然科学基金总额的比例稳定地保持在2%左右,资助强度逐年提高,保证了数学和物理学等基础研究的稳步发展;重点项目的依托单位主要集中在中国科学院、北京大学和复旦大学等国家级的科研机构和重点大学;在学科领域上,重点项目主要关注数学、力学、天文学和物理学领域的世界研究前沿、研究热点、具有原创性的理论研究、国民经济发展中的重大基础理论问题以及与其他学科交叉的重大研究项目。通过对国家自然科学基金数理科学部重点项目的计量研究,揭示了国家在数学和物理学等学科领域研究前沿的重大部署情况及发展目标。     

Scientific Evaluation with the Help of International Experts

An 11-member panel finished its assessment of five institutes under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS) on April 7 in Shanghai.     

协同科技创业与科技成果的有效转化 ——基于西安光机所的案例研究

科技创业是实施创新驱动战略和解决经济科技“两张皮”问题的重要途径。我国科研院所历经转制改革,科技创业方兴未艾,但如何通过科技创业有效转化科技成果仍是一个十分重要而又缺乏探究的新课题。本文以中科院西安光机所为案例研究对象,深入探讨了科研院所通过协同科技创业有效促进科技成果转化的机理,揭示了科研院所实现转型升级的过程,并提出了以科研院所为主体的协同科技创业的相关理论命题。本文拓展了科研院所科技成果转化的理论与实证研究,开启了科研院所协同科技创业的研究,对我国科研院所的科技创业和成果转化实践具有现实指导意义。     

基于专利数据的我国华东地区医产学研合作网络特征分析

为推动华东地区医产学研协同创新体系专业化建设,基于该区域内2004—2021年授权发明专利数据分析其医产学研合作发展状况,并以6年为时间窗格,利用社会网络分析方法分析其医产学研专利合作网络演化特征。结果表明：2004—2021年华东地区医产学研合作逐渐发展为规模较大、合作密度较高的网络,并在不同时期内呈现出较为明显的演化趋势,网络规模与合作频次不断增加,子网络数量和规模也呈现增长趋势;上海、江苏和浙江发挥排头兵作用,其中以浙江大学为首的高校和以中国科学院上海药物研究所为首的研究院的作用尤为突出,高校和研究所占据网络的核心地位并逐渐形成多中心合作子网络,而医药大企业并未起到重要的作用。根据研究发现,提出加快技术成果转化、激发核心节点带动作用、加强企业主导地位和提高医疗机构参与度等进一步推动华东地区医产学研协同创新发展的对策建议。     

MPS／CAS Group on Analysis Partner Geometric

The Partner Group works on topics in geometric analysis in cooperation with the corresponding research group at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences in Leipzig.     

Performance impact of research policy at the Chinese Academy of Sciences

We present evidence on productivity improvement experienced by the research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) after its implementation of the Knowledge Innovation Program (KIP). Using a balanced panel of data on R&D inputs and outputs of 59 research institutes in CAS, we analyze the productivity, technological and efficiency changes from 1997 to 2005. We document that the CAS research institutes have a productivity growth of 12.5% from 1998 to 2005, which can be further decomposed into 8.8% attributed to technological progress and 3.3% to efficiency improvement. Results of regional analysis show that institutes in Beijing and Shanghai, performed better than institutes in other regions during the same period.     

CAS Scientists Find New Anti-SARS Compounds

Scientists from the CAS Shang-hai Institute of MateriaMedica (SIMM) and the Na-tional Center for Drug Screening(NCDS) have identified severalnovel compounds that could be po-tential weapons to combat the SARSepidemic. This was announced at anews briefing held by the CASShanghai Institutes for BiologicalSciences on June 19 in Shanghai.The scientists found that a singlenatural compound dubbed ZZ-1could effectively inhibit the replica-tion of SARS virus in vitro. Whenthe compound w…     

Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,CAS,in Profile

The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (XJTIPC) was established recently by the merger of two former CAS institutes: the Xingjiang Institute of Physics and the Xingjiang Institute of Chemistry.This is an important decision made by CAS for the implementation of the national Knowledge Innovation Program (KIP) piloted at the Academy in the context of the national drive to develop China's west.     

CAS Biologists in Shanghai Step up Cooperation with Their West European Peers

~~projects by Chinese and Ger-man biologists. Based on thesuccess of the guest lab, a pro-gram to set up research groupsof junior scientists was initi-ated in 1994 and to date fourhigh-ranking young scholarshave joined the Shanghaiinstitutes. After obtaining theirPh. D degrees in the US, PeiGang and Hu Gengxi were in-vited to serve as heads of twogroups, in 1994 and 1996respectively. With the jointsupport from the Chinese andGerman sides, the junior sci-tical platform for cDNA array, the…     

Capitalist theory and socialist practice: The organization of Chinese mathematics in the early 1950s

This article explores how the Chinese state organized scientific research in the 1950s, through a case study of mathematics. By examining the organizing process of the Chinese Mathematical Society and the establishment of the Institute of Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the article explains how a number of state agents were selected to lead national level research institutes as a means for guiding scientists in serving the needs of the state. In addition, under state corporatism, all scientists were attached to discipline-specific academic societies, forming a large hierarchy consisting of societies at different levels. When the political leaders needed to transform the agendas of the scientists, these organizations served as channels for communicating to constituent members what to do. Given this kind of organizational structure in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, it was hard to differentiate between scientists and the organizational apparatus, especially for the scientists holding top-level leadership positions. Nevertheless, this study shows that individual researchers often resisted official mandates and found ways to pursue independent research interests by employing the state's rhetoric.     

CAS Academic Divisions in 2001

1.Election of New Members In 2001, 56 scientists were elected new CAS members, including l0 in the Division of Mathematics & Physics, 10 in the Division of Chemistry, 12 in the Division of Biology, nine in the Division of Earth Sciences and 15 in the Division of Engineering Sciences.The average age of the new members is 60.4, and the youngest one is 38 years old. They are now working in nine provinces or municipalities, or governmental departments under the State Council, including 23 outstanding experts working for the CAS.     

从蓝图到宏业——华罗庚的所长就职报告与中国科学院的数学事业

1952年7月,在中国科学院数学研究所宣告正式成立前夕,已被任命为首任所长的华罗庚就新建数学研究所的战略目标、方向任务及人才培养等作了就职报告。事实证明,这份重要的报告不仅成为中国科学院数学研究所的建所纲领,而且绘就了一幅新中国数学发展的蓝图。文章根据新近整理的华罗庚所长就职报告的文稿,分析了该报告的要点及其对中国科学院数学研究事业的深远影响,特别是阐述了在共和国科技史的重要节点,中国科学院的数学家所展示的重大自主创新成果。     

Institute of Policy and Management: Aiming at the Ranks of World-class Think Tanks

Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature, and Section of Optimization and Overall Planning under the CAS Institute of Applied Mathematics), the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM), CAS, is characterized by interdisciplinary studies of social and natural sciences. It applies itself to theoretical, methodological and applied research into national strategies, policies and management for S&T development. It also provides consultancy services for government departments, local authorities and CAS on issues concerning S&T development, social and economic growth, S&T management and administration of enterprises.     

MPS／CAS Partner Group on Colloid and Interface Science

The Partner Group on Colloid and Interface Science is based on the International Joint Laboratory, established in the former Beijing Institute of Photographic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and was incorporated into the Center for Molecular Science of the Institute of Chemistry, CAS in 1999. The Partner Group aims at research on molecular assembly of biomimetic membranes and the synthesis of nano-structured materials by way of training younger Chinese scientists and making use of the advanced facilities in Germany. Both sides cooperate closely in sectors in which they have a common interest to push forward the development of related sciences in China. The group leader, Li Junbai, has received many awards and has obtained much financial support inside China. On the German side, the Partner Group is hosting or participating in several research and development projects commissioned by the Max Planck Society and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The Partner Group has thus secured goo     

Functional genes controlling rice's grain-filling

CAS scientists with the Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (IPPE) under the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences have recently identified a functional gene capable of controlling the grain-filling process of rice.     

双“四极”推广：农业科研院所科技推广服务新模式——以北京市农林科学院为例

立足农业推广的知识与信息系统理论，结合北京市农业现状，北京市农林科学院近年实践形成以市院、院区（县）、院镇、院企（基地）四极对接和综合服务试验站、专家工作站、科技小院、示范基地四极服务为核心内容的双“四极”科技推广服务模式，开拓农业科研院所科技成果进村入户的便捷通道，为新时期推进农业科研院所科技推广工作提供经验和启示。     

自身免疫性疾病研究的新进展——骨桥蛋白在类风湿性关节炎中的病理机制研究

这项研究对类风湿性关节炎的发病机理和免疫调控做了深入探索,在国际上首次阐明了骨桥蛋白在类风湿性关节炎发病中的作用,发现"骨桥蛋白"是引发类风湿性关节炎的顽凶,为治疗类风湿性关节炎找到了新的临床手段和药物靶点.本文介绍了该项成果的研究背景、意义、主要创新点及方法.     

Research ethics: a safeguard for advanced technologies

With the fast development of cutting-edge technologies and their greater integration into human life, more ethical challenges emerge. The problem became more salient when the world''s first genetically edited babies were born in China in violation of existing ethical rules. Although the responsible researcher He Jiankui was sentenced for imprisonment for three years last December, it is still necessary to examine the current status of research ethics and the challenges in China. Has China set up a sophisticated research ethics system? For research ethics and their implementation in China, are there unique national characteristics? Can the dominant ethics principles primarily developed from life science research be equally adopted in the emerging artificial intelligence research and development? At an online forum organized by National Science Review (NSR) and through subsequent correspondences among forum participants, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo and guest moderator Hepeng Jia asked three scientists and three bioethicists or philosophers of science and technology in the field to examine the dynamic development of research ethics in China. Weiwen DuanPhilosopher of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Junjiu HuangLife scientist focused on genetics at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Renzong QiuBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Qiang SunLife scientist and the principal investigator (PI) of clone monkey program at Shanghai Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Yi ZengArtificial intelligence scientist at Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Xiaomei ZhaiBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair)Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Hepeng Jia (Co-chair)Professor of Science Communication at Soochow University, Suzhou, China