Changes in the Perception of the Counselor: Self,Ideal Self,and Self as Judged by Peers

Thirty counseling practicum students' perceptions of self as counselor, ideal counselor, and self as counselor as perceived by other practicum students were measured by the semantic differential technique before and after the supervised practicum experience. Posttest perceptions of self as counselor, ideal counselor, and ratings by other practicum group members were significantly closer to the hypothetical model counselor than were the pretest ratings.     

关于自我的认识

自我即我们每个人心中的那个"我"。"我"是人的根本,只有人才知道"我"是谁。"我"存在于连续的时间之中,"我"的本质是活的意识,"我"是大脑的机能和属性。自我意识是"我"对自己的意识,是意识对自己的反思,对象意识是"我"对外部事物的意识,对象意识是基础意识,自我意识是在对象意识的基础上形成的。无论对象意识还是自我意识其根源都来自于对外部世界的客观物质对象的反映(只不过自我意识是二级反映),因此,"我"是依赖于外部物质世界而存在的。"我"作为人脑的机能和属性还依赖于人的躯体。当"我"所依附的大脑死亡了,自我就消亡了、不存在了。"我死"是永远的、无法超越的现实,"我"与"死"是矛盾的,但"我死"却又是真正意义上的人的死亡,是哲学意义上的死亡。人因为意识到"我死",才使人生有意义。     

自主品读 自我感悟

"阅读是学生的个性化行为,不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践。"根据课程标准的相关要求,从鼓励学生自主学习,激发学生的内驱力入手,引导学生自主品读,自我感悟,把课堂还给学生。     

大学生的理想-现实自我差异及其与抑郁的关系

采用自编的“大学生理想-现实自我差异问卷“和流调中心用抑郁量表,考查了447名1～4年级大学生的理想-现实自我概念差异状况及其与抑郁的关系.结果表明:大学生被试的理想自我概念与现实自我概念存在一定程度的差异;大学生被试的理想-现实自我概念差异在学业、情绪和总分上存在显著的年级差异;家庭经济状况差的大学生被试的理想-现实自我概念差异显著大于家庭经济状况好的被试;大学生的理想-现实自我概念差异与抑郁具有显著的正相关,情绪、人际、家庭自我差异等对抑郁的影响作用较大.     

飞行大学生自我价值感调查研究

自我价值感对于培养飞行大学生的良好人格和保障飞行安全都有重要作用。采用《青少年自我价值感量表》对400名飞行大学生进行调查研究,了解飞行大学生自我价值感的现状与特点,提出可供参考的建议与对策。     

Nothing but a Fairy Tale: A Qualitative Study of Marriage Migration,Second Language Learning,and the Ideal Self

This article explores how the global trends of marriage migration and tightening of immigration policies in the West interconnect with second language learning motivation. Specifically, this article considers how social positions, governmental regulations, and everyday contexts come together to complicate the expectations of language learning that underlie much public discussion on “integration.” Applying narrative analysis to excerpts from interviews and conversations, I investigate the case of Mulenga, a younger Zambian woman who moved to Denmark to marry an older Danish man. Framed by the L2 motivational self system, the analysis reveals a self-discrepancy between her ideal self (hopes of a better life) and her actual self (lived reality in Denmark) and highlights how motivation and images of self traverse, combine, and reconfigure different cross-temporal experiences. The findings stress the importance for language educators to pay more attention to personal narratives and experiences outside the classroom when attempting to understand learner motivation.     

感知概念的认知研究

感知是人类最基本的经验之一。然而,语言学家们对感知的相关研究主要停留在句法层面。很少有人从概念范畴的角度来对其进行研究。文章以原型理论为基础,探讨了感知概念的生成,感知概念的原型与非原型,以及由原型向非原型扩展过程中所运用的认知机制。对这一概念的探讨将帮助语言学习者更好地了解人类认知的发展规律,并深入地掌握句法层面中各种感知结构的生成,及其表达的各种涵义。     

身体美：我国青少年理想身体自我特点

对14、17和20岁青少年理想身体自我的研究发现，我国青少年理想身体自我是多维度的，有明显的性别差异。对男性理想身体，女性更喜欢性感和相貌因素，男性更看重力量因素；对于女性理想身体，男性更重视性感因素，女性更重视相貌因素。随年龄增长．青少年越来越看重性感因素，对男性身体越来越强调力量因素和一般魅力因素，对女性身体越来越强调相貌因素。体型指数BMI对青少年女性理想身体偏好有显著影响。     

用完美理想构筑爱情的祭坛--从《包法利夫人》看福楼拜的爱情观

通过对《包法利夫人》中几个主要人物情感的刻画进行分析，来探讨福楼拜的爱情观。福楼拜对小说人物有极深的感情，他用完美的理想构筑了一座爱情的祭坛，他自己的一生也被当作了这一祭坛的殉葬品。     

自主学习及其能力的培养

20世纪80年代以来,自主学习越来越受到教育界的关注。本文通过对自主学习理论的研究,阐述了自主学习在教学中的作用,探讨了如何培养大学生英语自主学习能力的问题。     

感悟教学:理想语文课堂教学的应然选择

语文学习是一个注重学生情感体验与个体感悟的动态、发展的过程.感悟教学应是理想语文课堂的应然选择.感悟教学是指在教学场域内,教师指导和帮助学生在语文学习中充分调动学生已有的感知体验,积极激发学生的情感联想,促使学生通过感悟和体验来获取语文知识与间接经验,提高自身的语文素养,进而培养学生健全人格和良好个性的一种整体性的教学观和教学形式.在语文实践教学中,可以采取引导学生感悟学习的措施:涵泳品味,以读促悟;创设情境,激发感悟;联想想象,深化感悟;鉴赏点评,升华感悟.     

大专生理想现状与教育对策思考

对青年学生进行理想教育，是新形势下高校思想政治工作的迫切需要。只有把握大专生世界观的不确定性和理想的不坚定性、人生观和价值观的复杂性、道德行为的随意性这三大特点，才能有的放矢地对大专生进行理想教育。     

在线学习者的自我评价与反思研究

网络为知识的群体建构和学习者高级思维能力的发展提供了更加丰富和建构性的交互机会,但是, 研究表明,这些机会和优势是无法自动产生的。本文从促进学生参与、发展学习者高级思维能力的角度入手,尝试了学习者自我评价的方法,即把对学习者学习评价的一部分职责转移到学习者身上。本文首先介绍了这种分析方法的缘由和具体的实施细节,然后提供了一个学习者按照这种方法分析自我学习过程的例子,最后作者得出结论, 这种方法有助于促进学习者的参与和元认知能力的提高,进而促进知识的社会性建构。     

Reducing Violence in Non-controlling Ways: A Change Program Based on Self Determination Theory

This paper presents and examines the first school change program focusing on violence and caring based on self-determination theory (Deci &; Ryan, 2012 Deci, E. L., &; Ryan, R. M. (2012). Overview of self-determination theory. In The Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 85–107). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]). The program aimed at promoting teachers' capacity to cope with violence and enhance caring without becoming more controlling. Comparisons of the effects of a 22-month-long program in three intervention schools and three control schools indicated that the program (a) reduced violent student behavior and controlling teacher behavior and (b) enhanced caring student behavior and active teacher response to violence. The results suggest that exposure to self-determination theory (SDT) concepts may promote a firm, yet non-controlling, teacher response to violence. More generally, the results highlight the potential for incorporating SDT ideas in violence reduction programs.     

比较视野下的中西理想社会研究

乌托邦建立在二元对立的实体论思维模式之上,它以超验世界对现实世界的否定为基础,进化史观的烘托和科学技术的进步促成了近代西方乌托邦的涌现。天人合一是中国文化最典型的思维模式,它是一种诗学思维模式,不利于科学的发展,在历史观念上,循环史观是中国历史观念的主流,最为根本的是天人合一肯定现实世界存在的合理性,这一切决定了中国只有逍遥隐逸的桃花源,而没有否定现实世界的乌托邦。     

孔子与亚里士多德的理想人格学说比较

理想人格是中西古代人生哲学所关注的主要问题之一。本从理想人格的品质、修养方法和人生实践三个方面，对孔子和亚里士多德的理想人格学说进行比较研究，力图使人们对中西古代理想人格学说有大致了解，从而为新时期理想人格的建构提供理论参考。     

The Attrition of Change: A Study of Change and Continuity

In this article models and theories on effective schooling are reviewed. Modelling is based on the various disciplinary oriented approaches to educational effectiveness. As such production functions, instructional effectiveness models and integrated, multi‐level educational effectiveness models are discussed. Various conceptual and formal representations of facilitation across levels are seen as the most interesting area for further model‐driven research. In the second part of the article four organization theories are discussed, all of which are seen as specific interpretations of the rationality paradigm: rational control theory and bureaucratic structuring; contingency theory; public choice theory; and retroactive planning. A fifth theoretical perspective, chaos theory, as applied to organizational functioning, looks more like a complete anti‐thesis of rationality, but can nevertheless be related to the emergence of ordered patterns and to organizational survival. Core mechanisms or theory‐embedded principles that follow from these theories are, respectively: proactive structuring; fit; market mechanisms; the cybernetic principle; and self‐organization. Further analysis of these principles leads to the conclusion that the cybernetic principle of evaluation feedback and reinforcement is the most interesting one, both from a theoretical and practice‐oriented perspective. Throughout the article hints and suggestions are provided for future, more theory and model‐driven educational effectiveness research.     

中职语文教材的理念演变研究

中职语文课程改革在传承和创新中稳步推进,随着对中等职业教育特质和中职学生认识的不断深入,中职语文教材的编写理念也发生了重要的转变,教材的编排方式、呈现方式、叙述方式和内在逻辑等都有了新的变化,更好地体现了中职语文课程的独特定位和教学目标.     

教育领域中自我效能感的研究现状与展望

教育领域中自我效能感的研究已经开展了20多年,国内外学者在此领域中已取得了丰硕的研究成果.通过对国内外教育领域中有关自我效能感研究的简要回顾,介绍现有的研究成果并对已有研究的不足提出了自己的看法.