绝对值插值不等式的推广及应用

本文借助“闭区间套”这一几何直观,将绝对值插值不等式类比推广到多零点的绝对值插值不等式,并运用所得结论解决高考和竞赛中求若干个绝对值和的最小值问题．     

城市表层土壤重金属及砷元素污染分析

针对2011年全国大学生数学建模竞赛A题所给城市表层土壤重金属污染浓度数据的地貌空间变化特性,采用Kriging方法对数据进行插值拟合,得到了该城区各重金属元素的空间分布,通过聚类与相关性分析,确定了城市土壤重金属污染的主要原因以及各金属的主要污染区域。根据土壤对重金属的吸附传播特征,建立了重金属污染源的空间传播模型,得出了各重金属及砷元素主要污染源的位置,结果表明:模型能很好地吻合实际情况。     

基于“互联网+”技术的化学学科竞赛平台开发研究

浙江省大学生化学学科竞赛经过10多年的发展,在竞赛性质、竞赛组织、竞赛内容、竞赛形式等方面都发生了巨大的变化。为适应新情况、新要求,借助"互联网+"技术,开发了用于竞赛的新平台,形成了基于"互联网+"的竞赛体系和组织架构,兼备信息发布、在线考试、竞赛作品递交与评审等功能,使得竞赛组织、运行及管理等多方面变得更为便捷高效,竞赛内容更加丰富、竞赛形式更趋多样化,有效地促进了竞赛健康有序地发展,极大地推动了全省大学生课外科技活动的开展。     

职业院校技能竞赛影响因素分析及以赛促教的思考

本文按照职业院校技能竞赛对竞赛设备的依赖程度不同,将技能竞赛分为两类,并归纳出两类竞赛的特征,在此基础上探讨和分析了当前技能竞赛的影响因素,同时给出了提高技能竞赛水平的四点建议.最后,针对当前对职业技能竞赛存在的一些模糊的认识提出了三点以赛促教的思考,进一步明确了技能竞赛对职业教育所起的作用与发展方向.     

以学科竞赛为平台培养大学生的创新实践能力

本文主要针对学科竞赛的特点,结合我校的学科竞赛参与经验来探讨学科竞赛对于综合性人才的培养作用,深度剖析了学科竞赛与学生综合能力提升之间的关系,验证了学科竞赛的重要性,并且在最后得出结论:要巩固学科竞赛地位,完善学科竞赛体系,鼓励学生多多参与学科竞赛,从各方面提升自己的能力。     

高中数学竞赛中的多项式问题

(本讲适合高中) 高中阶段学习的多项式理论是代数学的重要组成部分之一.多项式的基本理论主要包括:多项式恒等条件,余式定理,因式定理,韦达定理和插值公式等.与多项式有关的竞赛题除了出现在函数、方程、不等式等代数领域中,还涉及到了数论、组合等知识,是一个综合性的工具,也是数学竞赛中的热点和难点问题之一.     

二元Barycentric-Newton混合有理插值

基于广义重心有理插值与Newton多项式构造了二元Barycentric-Newton混合有理插值,通过定义适当的偏逆差商,得出了插值定理和误差估计,并用数值算例验证了此算法的有效性.     

高校开展学科竞赛存在的问题与改进措施

文章基于学科竞赛背景,首先分析了高校开展学科竞赛存在的问题,然后提出了高校开展学科竞赛的改进措施,包括增加学科竞赛设备及资金投入;建立健全学科竞赛管理制度;加强校企、校校交流,提升学科竞赛组织水平;等等,最后说明了高校开展学科竞赛的成效。     

基于创新能力培养的经济类大学生学科竞赛的改革与实践

文章首先阐述了大学生参与学科竞赛的作用,然后从构建经济类学科竞赛平台、经济类学科竞赛的实践两方面阐述了基于创新能力培养的经济类大学生学科竞赛的改革策略,其中具体阐述了经济类学科竞赛的实践,包括进行多渠道的宣传,逐步扩大学生的参与范围;准备竞赛时,做好培训的相关指导工作;逐步制定完善的参赛选拔制度;对经济学科竞赛给予政策支持;对参加经济学科竞赛的学生进行学分认定;服务竞赛,建设创新实践办公室。     

学科竞赛与创新人才培养模式的探索与研究——以电子类学科竞赛为例

介绍了学科竞赛的主要功能与作用,阐述了搞好大学生学科竞赛的几点要素,并结合我校近几年来电子类学科竞赛取得的优异成绩,介绍了在组织学科竞赛中以本科培养计划为根本,构建学科竞赛培训机制、建设全天候开放式实验平台、加强学科竞赛科学管理和绩效考核等方面经验和体会,指出了学科竞赛存在的主要问题和不足之处。     

数学问题解决的实证研究述评

数学问题解决的心理学实证研究主要集中在数学应用问题、平面几何问题、解题中的迁移、解题中的元认知等方面。就目前的研究状况来看，存在研究选题面窄、研究层面较低、研究起点单一等问题。因而，开展深层次的研究，是数学解题心理研究的发展方向。     

关于数学问题提出的若干思考

问题提出是数学活动的显著特点，是提高学生问题解决能力和改进学生对数学的态度的有效手段，是促进学生理解数学的一个窗口．对问题提出的研究可基于以下几个方面：作为促进问题解决的一种手段，问题提出与问题解决的互动，作为一种相对独立的数学活动。培养学生问题提出能力，应关注影响该能力的认知和情感的因素，鼓励学生大胆地给出自己的问题，培养他们提出问题的兴趣与自信心．     

同伴接纳与流动儿童外化问题行为的关系:自尊和物质主义的链式中介作用

本研究探讨同伴接纳对流动儿童的外化问题行为的影响,以及自尊、物质主义的链式中介作用。在武汉市三所小学选取478名五、六年级的流动儿童,运用同伴提名法、物质主义价值观量表-儿童版(MVS-c)、自尊量表(SES)、儿童青少年问题行为问卷(CB)进行问卷调查。结果发现,同伴接纳、物质主义价值观、自尊、外化问题行为四者均显著相关;同伴接纳对外化问题行为具有很强的直接预测作用,也会通过物质主义价值观和自尊的部分中介作用而影响外化问题行为,还会通过自尊、物质主义的链式中介作用影响外化问题行为。     

On the Subjective Representation of Statistical Problems

Montgomery, H. & Allwood, C. M. On the Subjective Representation of Statistical Problems. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 22, 107‐127. Think aloud data from 19 subjects solving three statistical problems are reported. The data indicated that the problem solving process could often be regarded as a successive development of the problem formulation where each formulation tended to be on the same or on a higher qualitative level than the preceding formulation. Good problem solvers were found to differ from the poor solvers inasmuch as they (a) more often made an exhaustive definition of an essential concept mentioned in the problem, or (b) appeared to attend more to what was asked for in the problem. It was tentatively concluded that some of the erroneous problem solutions were due to a pure lack of reflection on how the solution of the problem should be related to the information asked for in the problem. For a problem, which was formulated in a seemingly ambiguous way, subjects’ knowledge of the underlying statistical model was positively related to the correctness of their problem interpretation.     

A multimedia‐enhanced problem‐based learning experience in the Malaysian classroom

In this paper a multimedia project was incorporated into a problem‐based learning environment to examine how learning in multimedia could be enhanced through the use of problem‐based learning. Students in a second year course in the Faculty of Creative Multimedia (FCM) were assigned the problem‐based multimedia project, they worked in groups, solving the problem using the multimedia authoring process (MAP). This paper reports on the structuring of the student learning process, the impact of the problem‐based learning environment on student learning and the important skills such as creative and critical thinking, teamwork, communication, collaborative and problem‐solving skills that arose as the result of this intervention. In the process, a multimedia‐enhanced problem‐based learning (M‐PBL) model was created. The interrelationships between the teacher, students and technology in this learning mode were also established. A survey was conducted to assess the reactions and attitudes of the students towards this learning environment. The results obtained were positive and satisfactory.     

PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING AS A FUNCTION OF COMPREHENSION AND ARITHMETIC SKILLS

Many factors influence a student’s performance in word (or textbook) problem solving in class. Among them is the comprehension process the pupils construct during their attempt to solve the problem. The comprehension process may include some less formal representations, based on pupils’ real-world knowledge, which support the construction of a ‘situation model’. In this study, we examine some factors related to the pupil or to the word problem itself, which may influence the comprehension process, and we assess the effects of the situation model on pupils’ problem solving performance. The sample is composed of 750 pupils of grade 6 elementary school. They were selected from 35 classes in 17 Francophone schools located in the province of Quebec, Canada. For this study, 3 arithmetic problems were developed. Each problem was written in 4 different versions, to allow the manipulation of the type of information included in the problem statement. Each pupil was asked to solve 3 problems of the same version and to complete a task that allowed us to evaluate the construction of a situation model. Our results show that pupils with weaker arithmetic skills construct different representations, based on the information presented in the problem. Also, pupils who give greater importance to situational information in a problem have greater success in solving the problem. The situation model influences pupils’ problem solving performance, but this influence depends on the type of information included in the problem statement, as well as on the arithmetic skills of each individual pupil.     

PARENT‐TEACHER COMMUNICATION ABOUT CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: AN EXAMINATION OF COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM‐SOLVING

Effective parent‐teacher communication involves problem‐solving concerns about students. Few studies have examined problem‐solving interactions between parents and teachers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a particular focus on identifying communication barriers and strategies for improving them. This study examined the problem‐solving behaviors of parents and teachers of children with ASD. Participants were 18 teachers and 39 parents of children with ASD. Parent‐teacher dyads were prompted to discuss and provide a solution for a problem that a student experienced at home and at school. Parents and teachers also reported on their problem‐solving behaviors. Results showed that parents and teachers displayed limited use of the core elements of problem‐solving. Teachers displayed more problem‐solving behaviors than parents. Both groups reported engaging in more problem‐solving behaviors than they were observed to display during their discussions. Our findings suggest that teacher and parent training programs should include collaborative approaches to problem‐solving.     

数学问题解决在中国的研究历史及其影响

中国对于数学问题解决的研究分为两个时期:前期的研究主要侧重于经验的描述,而且更多的是将"问题解决"与"解题""解决应用题"等同起来;后期的研究不仅对于数学问题的含义、分类以及心理机制进行了分析,而且对教学、课程和考试等实践都产生了影响。     

Predictors of well‐structured and ill‐structured problem solving in an astronomy simulation

This study compared the problem‐solving skills required for solving well‐structured problems and ill‐structured problems in the context of an open‐ended, multimedia problem‐solving environment in astronomy. Two sets of open‐ended questions assessed students' abilities for solving well‐structured and ill‐structured problems. Generalized, rubric scoring systems were developed for assessing problem‐solving skills. Instruments were also developed and administered to assess cognitive and affective predictors of problem‐solving performance. By regressing the scores on the cognitive and affective predictors onto students' scores on the well‐structured and ill‐structured problems, we concluded that solving well‐structured and ill‐structured problems require different component skills. Domain knowledge and justification skills were significant predictors of well‐structured problem‐solving scores, whereas ill‐structured problem‐solving scores were significantly predicted by domain knowledge, justification skills, science attitudes, and regulation of cognition. Implications for problem solving in science education are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 6–33, 2003     

Focusing attention to deep structure in math problems: Effects on elementary education students with and without attentional deficits

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of actively categorizing math problems on the math problem solving performance of students with and without attention deficit disorder (ADD). To this purpose, 52 fifth and sixth grade students were involved in actively categorizing or noncategorizing (control) tasks followed by two problem solving activities. The results of this study indicated that students more frequently organize math problems by categories based on deeper structures (i.e., concepts or operations) when they were informed of the features to look for than students who organized math problems on their own. However, those students who actively organized the math problems and formed categories on their own had higher accuracy in an assessment of generality in a subsequent problem solving task than students who were earlier given categories. These effects were similar for both groups and provided generality to prior research on recall performance to assessing problem solving.