课例二 两位数加一位数(进位)

教学内容与教材简析 两位数加一位数的口算（教材第66页例1）是在20以内的进位加法和整十数加两位数的基础上进行教学的,为以后计算一位数乘多位数打好基础。这节课的学习使学生初步学会两位数加一位数进位的口算方法,能够正确地进行口算。     

基于知识形成过程 凸显理解算理核心——《两位数加一位数(进位)》教学实录与思考

正【教学内容】苏教版小学数学一年级下册第74~75页例1,"想想做做"第1~4题。【教学目标】1.在动手操作、合作交流的过程中,探索两位数加一位数进位加的口算方法,理解进位加法的原理,能正确口算和在100以内的两位数加一位数的进位加法。     

突出重点知识教学 注重计算能力培养——“100以内的加法和减法”重、难点教学建议

20以内的加、减法是加减运算的基础。而100以内的加、减运算则是小学阶段整个加、减运算的关键。学好100以内的加、减法,以后学习多位数加、减法时,只需要在100以内的基础上推广就可以了。因此在进行100以内的加法和减法教学时,重点是进行两位数加、减一位数的口算和两位数加、减两位数计算法则的教学。难点是进位加法和退位减法的教学。要使一年级的小学生掌握好100以内加、减法的知识,提高计算能力,为多位数加、减法的学习打下良好的基础,在这一单元教学时,应特别注意突出教学重点,突破教学难点。     

“两位数加一位数(进位)”说课设计

“两位数加一位数（进位）”是六年制小学数学第二册第五单元的教学内容。本节课的教学是在学生掌握了两位数加整十数、两位数加一位数（不进位）和２０以内进位加法的基础上进行的。为了使学生理解进位加法的算理,较好地掌握口算步骤,打好口算基础,形成口算技能,我确定本课的教学目标为:１会摆学具说两位数加一位数进位的道理;２会说口算步骤;３能正确口算;４培养学生的操作、语言表达和计算能力。本节课的重点是能正确口算两位数加一位数（进位）,难点是会说口算步骤。一、以旧引新加强联系两位数加一位数进位加法的基础是２０以内进位加…     

20以内进位加法——九年义务教育第一册第五单元备课辅导

一、本单元知识点,及其在小学数学教学中的地位和作用本单元知识点包括：２０以内的进位加法计算,求总数的加法应用题和求剩余的减法应用题。２０以内的进位加法,也就是一位数加一位数得数超过１０的加法,包括：９加几、８加几、７加几、……２加几。２０以内的进位加法是２０以内退位减法和多位数计算的基础,也是进一步学习数学必须练好的基本功之一。如果学生对这一部分内容没有学好,以后继续学习口算和多位数笔算时就会遇到很大困难,甚至跟不上课程进度。因此,教学这部分内容时,切实给学生打好基础,使学生在理解的基础上,能够…     

十年制学校小学課本(試用本)算术第一册教学参考书举例

二 20以內的加减法教材說明本章把20以內的加减法放在一章里教学,主要是为了把下进位的和进位的一位数加法以及相应的减法联系起来教学。为了分散难点,本章又分成下面四部分:1.一位数加一位数(不进位的);2.一位数减一位数;3.一位数加一位数(进位的);4.两位数减一位数(退位的)。由于任何多位数加减法在計算的过程中都要分解成一位数加法和相应的减法,     

我这样教“多位数乘一位数笔算乘法”

一、教材分析 “多位数乘一位数笔算乘法”这一单元主要包括口算乘法和笔算乘法两部分,多位数乘一位数的笔算是本单元教学的重点,它是多位数乘法的基础。多位数乘一位数笔算乘法又分成两部分：多位数乘一位数笔算乘法的计算方法,多位数乘一位数突破笔算乘法的难点。其中,多位数乘一位数笔算乘法的难点是不连续进位、连续进位、因数中间和末尾有0的乘法。教材具体地安排如下：     

乘数是一位数乘法法则教学提示(四册)

一、必须打好学习一位数乘多位数的基础。学习一位数乘多位数的基础是:①熟练地掌握表内乘法和初步学会乘法竖式的书写;②正确、迅速地进行20以内加法口算;③正确、熟练地进行百以内的两位数加一位数的口算。例如,计算185×6时,6     

进位加法和退位减法教法分析

进位加法和退位减法教法分析杨法九年义务教育五年制（人教版），小学数学第一册第五章２０以内的退位减法和进位加法，是讲一位数加一位数得数超过１０的加法及相应减法。２０以内的进位加法和退位减法是多位数计算的基础，也是学习数学必须练好的基本功之一。本单元重点...     

“100以内的加法和减法”教材分析与教学建议

“100以内的加法和减法”这一单元教材包括整十数加、减整十数口算,两位数加、减一位数、整十数口算;两位数加、减两位数;在教学两位数加一位数、整十数(不进位)以     

Achievement emotions and arithmetic fluency – Development and parallel processes during the early school years

This study investigated the developmental trajectories and interrelationships of mathematics-related achievement emotions and arithmetic fluency from first to third grade, and the effects of these on third grade mathematics performance. Participants were 232 Norwegian students. Students’ emotions and arithmetic fluency were measured four times and mathematics performance once. Applying latent growth curve modeling, developmental patterns of decreasing enjoyment and increasing boredom were observed over time. The mean level of enjoyment remained fairly high, and of both boredom and anxiety quite low. Individual differences were observed in both the initial levels and development of all emotions and arithmetic fluency, indicating differences in developmental trajectories. Only the initial levels and rate of change in arithmetic fluency predicted mathematics performance at the third grade.     

Pizzas or no pizzas: An advantage of word problems in fraction arithmetic?

Fractions are an important but notoriously difficult domain in mathematics education. Situating fraction arithmetic problems in a realistic setting might help students overcome their difficulties by making fraction arithmetic less abstract. The current study therefore investigated to what extent students (106 sixth graders, 187 seventh graders, and 192 eighth graders) perform better on fraction arithmetic problems presented as word problems compared to these problems presented symbolically. Results showed that in multiplication of a fraction with a whole number and in all types of fraction division, word problems were easier than their symbolic counterparts. However, in addition, subtraction, and multiplication of two fractions, symbolic problems were easier. There were no performance differences by students’ grade, but higher conceptual fraction knowledge was associated with higher fraction arithmetic performance. Taken together this study showed that situating fraction arithmetic in a realistic setting may support or hinder performance, dependent on the problem demands.     

大学生宿舍人际和谐度与心理健康的关系研究

以构建和谐校园和营造健康校园文化氛围为目的,对600名大学生宿舍人际和谐度和心理健康进行相关调查。结果显示:大学生宿舍人际和谐度在性别、专业、年级、生源地和是否担任过学生干部上存在显著差异;大学生宿舍人际和谐度与心理健康总体水平呈显著的负相关,且对心理健康水平中各个因子都有显著的预测作用。     

Addition and Subtraction of Three-digit Numbers: German Elementary Children's Success, Methods and Strategies

The present paper describes the success, the methods (mental, informal written, standard algorithm) and the strategies of informal written arithmetic to be observed when 300 elementary students worked on six addition and six subtraction problems with three-digit numbers. These twelve problems were administered repeatedly by means of a class test: in February (grade 3; nine-year-olds) before the standard algorithms were introduced, in June after they had been dealt with and in October at the beginning of grade 4. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Cognitive Process of Chinese Abacus Arithmetic

Based on the literature review about abacus arithmetic, this study proposes a model of the cognitive process of Chinese abacus arithmetic. This model describes three methods for solving abacus arithmetic problems: retrieval method, procedure method, and mental arithmetic method and three external factors that affect the choice of those methods: level of expertise, level of difficulty, and type of operation. The experiment in the study invited 36 participants including 12 vocational high-school students as junior experts, 12 ordinary high-school students as novices, and 12 bank clerks as senior experts to validate the 3 × 3 × 2 experiment. The results of this study indicate that (1) the retrieval method, procedure method, and mental arithmetic method are the three main calculation methods of abacus arithmetic, each of them having some variations; (2) experts tend to use the retrieval method, while novices tend to use the mental arithmetic method; (3) the retrieval method and mental arithmetic method are applied more for simple operations and addition problems, while the procedure method is applied more for complicated operations and subtraction problems.     

Excerpts from a Textbook Using the Three-in-one Method of Teaching Mathematics

The following excerpts are from the Primary School Experimental Textbook on Mathematics (vol. 1), written by Hanzhou Normal College Educational Science Laboratory and the Hanzhou Uptown Three-In-One Research Group and published in July 1980. The three-in-one method espouses teaching arithmetic through the simultaneous mental arithmetic, the paper-and-pencil method, and the use of the abacus simultaneously. The conventional curriculum treats the use of abacus as a separate subject; it is usually not taught until grade three. In the three-in-one method, the abacus is taught from the first grade along with an understanding of the concept of numbers. In the following example, students are taught addition and subtraction within 100.     

专升本院校过渡期学生心态探析

专升本院校过渡期学生心态的维度结构主要包括才能-成就、困苦-茫然、过程-目标、学习-考试焦虑和升本-机遇心态等五个方面。专升本院校过渡期学生心态在性别、学历、系科和年级因素上表现出不同程度的差异。     

An Empirical Evaluation of the Accomplishment Quotient

Seventy-two subjects, classified as to school, grade, sex, and level of arithmetic achievement were given a 30 item test to measure their knowledge of three probability concepts before any formal school instruction. A repeated-measurements analysis of variance was used; significant F-ratios were observed for main effects of grade, level of achievement, and concept. Significant interaction between level of achievement and co nc ept was also observed. Estimated fixed effect of level of achievement was 7. 2 times as large as estimated fixed effect of grade, leading to the conclusion that mental age is much more important in mental concept development than chronological age. Results also indicated that subjects possessed considerable knowledge of the concepts involved before receiving formal instruction.     

大学生自尊的特点及其与心理健康的关系

大学生属于高自尊群体，不同年级不同层次的大学生自尊存在显著差异，大学生中存在着假性自尊和弱势群体。自尊是大学生社会适应性的核心因素，是大学生心理健康的主要标志，低自尊是大学生心理和行为异常的重要根源。形成良好的自尊有利于促进大学生的心理健康发展。     

体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的影响

运用问卷调查和数理分析的方法研究大学生心理健康水平和体育锻炼之间的关系。发现除敌对因子外,体育锻炼者在SCL-90各项因子上的得分均低于非体育锻炼者,并且在部分因子上的得分呈现显著性差异和非常显著性差异。运动强度和运动时间对大学生的心理健康水平有显著性的影响,持续一个小时左右中等强度的锻炼最为理想。研究结果表明,合理的体育锻炼能够促进大学生心理健康水平的提高。