Facilitating academic performance in college: understanding the role of clear and organized instruction

Extensive research on college impact has identified a range of practices that enhance students’ academic outcomes. One practice—clear and organized instruction—has received increasing attention in recent research. While a number of studies have shown that clear and organized instruction is related to a range of postsecondary outcomes, researchers have not considered the mechanisms that link this educational practice to student outcomes. In this study, we draw on the constructivist theory of learning to identify potential mechanisms that may explain the relationship between clear and organized instruction and academic performance. Results from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, including an analytical sample of 7116 students attending 38 four-year institutions in the USA, indicate that three mechanisms examined—faculty interest in teaching and student development, academic motivation, and academic engagement—explain almost two-thirds of the relationship between clear and organized instruction and first-year GPA. When students experience greater exposure to clear and organized instruction, they perceive their faculty as being more invested in their learning and development, and they report being more academically motivated and engaged in their studies. Moreover, students who enter college less academically prepared benefit more from exposure to clear and organized instruction.     

Exploring the amount and type of writing instruction during language arts instruction in kindergarten classrooms

The objective of this exploratory investigation was to examine the nature of writing instruction in kindergarten classrooms and to describe student writing outcomes at the end of the school year. Participants for this study included 21 teachers and 238 kindergarten children from nine schools. Classroom teachers were videotaped once each in the fall and winter during the 90 min instructional block for reading and language arts to examine time allocation and the types of writing instructional practices taking place in the kindergarten classrooms. Classroom observation of writing was divided into student-practice variables (activities in which students were observed practicing writing or writing independently) and teacher-instruction variables (activities in which the teacher was observed providing direct writing instruction). In addition, participants completed handwriting fluency, spelling, and writing tasks. Large variability was observed in the amount of writing instruction occurring in the classroom, the amount of time kindergarten teachers spent on writing and in the amount of time students spent writing. Marked variability was also observed in classroom practices both within and across schools and this fact was reflected in the large variability noted in kindergartners’ writing performance.     

信息化教学中教师的新角色

新课程改革和信息技术向教育领域的渗透促进了信息化教学的发展,信息化教学中教师的角色将发生重大的转变。从知识的传授者变为学习的组织者、协作者、指导者等一系列的变化,不仅是角色的转变更是教育理念的转变,教师应该主动积极面对和适应这一转变。     

教师态势语应用的原则和技巧研究

态势语是一种通过人的面部表情、体态动作、服装饰品、空间位置而传递信息的伴随性语言。它同时作用于学生的视觉和听觉,极大地拓宽了信息传播渠道,起到补充信息、沟通情感、集中学生注意力的重要作用。它是整个教学环节不可或缺的重要一环,但在课堂教学多媒体程度越来越高的今天,态势语的运用却有了退化的倾向。因此,为保证教学质量,创设互动课堂,教师应加强态势语表达技巧,提高态势语表达水平。     

The role of the printed answer in programmed instruction

Using a variety of programmed materials, this series of studies showed that students observed available answers in the program far less than 100% of the time. Answer observing was found to be correlated with student error on the related frame. The view that the printed answer in a program is always a reinforcer for the preceding response(s) is severely questioned.     

以构建和谐社会的视野探索高校思政工作

以建构和谐社会的宏大目标，紧密结合互联网给当前高校思政工作带来的机遇和挑战，重新审视和定位高校思政工作，并在此基础上，提出了当前高校思政工作的主要策略：要以积极的态度直面互联网络，以科学的态度审视大学生的个人需求，以求实的态度创新高校思政工作。     

高师<数学分析>教学内容改革的探讨

阐述了现行高等师范院校《数学分析》教学内容改革的必要性以及教学内容改革的方向；指明教学内容改革应突出实用性。     

First-graders’ knowledge of multiplicative reasoning before formal instruction in this domain

Our study investigated children’s knowledge of multiplicative reasoning (multiplication and division) at the end of Grade 1, just before the start of formal instruction on multiplicative reasoning in Grade 2. A large sample of children (N = 1176) was assessed in a relatively formal test setting, using an online test with 28 multiplicative problems of different types. On average, the children correctly answered more than half (58%) of the problems, including several bare number problems. This indicates that before formal instruction on multiplicative reasoning, children already have a considerable amount of knowledge in this domain, which teachers can build on when teaching them formal multiplication and division. Using analysis of variance and cross-classified multilevel regression analysis, we identified several predictors of children’s pre-instructional multiplicative knowledge. With respect to the characteristics of the multiplicative problems, we found that the problems were easiest to solve when they included a picture involving countable objects, and when the multiplicative situation was of the equal groups semantic structure (e.g., 3 boxes of 4 cookies). Regarding student characteristics, pre-instructional multiplicative knowledge was higher for children with higher-educated parents. Finally, the mathematics textbook used in school appeared to have influenced children’s pre-instructional multiplicative knowledge.     

试论成人教育中的教学过程及管理

成人教育是一种以成年人为教育对象的专门教育,是我国整个教育的重要组成部分,它具有不同于普通教育的特点和规律。认识成人教育的教学特点,把握教学规律,加强教学过程管理,健全各种制度,对于提高成人教育教学质量具有重要意义。     

Exploring the effects of strategy-focused instruction in writing skills of 4TH grade students

Metacognition and Learning - The improvement of writing skills is one of the aims of the educational system. The present study implemented strategy-focused instruction through the Cognitive...