弱智儿童适应性教育再思考

适应是弱智儿童成长发展的基本形式和趋势。适应力决定了弱智儿童真实生活的水平与质量。本文以新的适应观“适应是弱智儿童与环境双方的改变、调适”为主导 ,论及弱智儿童适应过程、特点。明晰弱智儿童适应性教育诊断 ,适应性养成教育的思路。启发对障碍、对环境建构的理解     

Living with Children with an Intellectual Disability: Parents Construct their Reality

This paper reports a study that adopted an interpretivist paradigm as a basis for parents and researchers to co‐create a discourse that outlines life experiences as they relate to parenting a child with an intellectual disability. Repertory grid methodology was employed to inform the process of discourse development. A model of the five interrelated systems of events or issues that impinge upon the perceptions of parents of children with an intellectual disability is proposed. In addition, details about the group's perceptions of those environmental events or issues that are pertinent to living with and caring for a child with an intellectual disability are reported.     

关于培智学校教师对目前课程态度的相关研究

为了解培智学校教师对目前课程的看法 ,本研究对培智学校教师进行了调查、分析。结果表明 ,培智学校教师对课程内容、课程设置、教学效果多方面不满意 ,希望课程改革 ,但又安于现状。因此 ,在培智学校课程改革中有必要让教师参与其中 ,要充分发挥教师的主动性和创造性。     

Psychoeducational Support for Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability: An Outcome Study

The pressures frequently encountered by the parents of children with chronic conditions and the concomitant impact on family life have been well‐documented. Family‐focussed interventions have been advocated to address parents’ difficulties. The present evaluation study was undertaken to ascertain long‐term outcomes of the psychoeducational support program, Caring for Parent Caregivers. The aim of the program is to empower the individual and thereby strengthen family resources. Quantitative and qualitative analytical procedures, which included the written evaluations of treatment subjects, were employed to examine program effectiveness. For the fathers and mothers of children with disabilities, psychological health and well‐being was assessed on the General Health Questionnaire, using a pretest and follow‐up control group design. Results showed a statistically significant difference between groups, 12 months after treatment, with program participants displaying less emotional distress than control group subjects. The positive direction of behavioural and attitudinal outcomes, which emerged from evaluation of the small group intervention, were similar for both mothers and fathers. Overall satisfaction with the program was very high, with useful recommendations for program development and for future research and practice being identified.     

The Perceptions and Experiences of Taiwanese Parents who have Children with an Intellectual Disability

Most research into family care‐giving has been undertaken in western, English‐speaking societies with little cognisance taken of possible differences across cultures. Home‐based interviews were conducted with 117 mothers and fathers in Taipei City, Taiwan and five main themes were identified using content analysis. Three themes expressed the impact of the child on family functioning, parental health, and levels of stress and two themes described parents’ coping strategies and sources of support. Although these themes broadly replicate findings from other cultures, certain features of Taiwanese–Chinese society appear to accentuate the impact on mothers especially of having a child with an intellectual disability. The implications for the provision of family‐centred services are discussed, especially in helping parents to recognise their strengths and coping capabilities, and to promote their influence in changing cultural attitudes.     

Residential and Lifestyle Changes for Adults with an Intellectual Disability in Queensland 1960-2001

As we celebrate 50 years of the Schonell Special Education Research Centre it is timely to consider changes that have occurred in the provision of residential services for people with an intellectual disability. Before the 1970s adults and children were cared for in large institutions using a medical model of care. In the mid-1970s a new developmental model based on education and training was implemented in response to the principle of normalisation and issues of social justice. The most dramatic changes have occurred in the last ten years with the decision to close large institutions and relocate residents into ordinary homes in the community. This paper describes changes in lifestyle for adults with an intellectual disability as a result of the move from institutional to community residential service provision. The Challinor Centre in Ipswich, Queensland, Australia provides examples of lifestyle changes that have occurred under different models of service provision during this time. Community living is described with research evidence validating the advantages of this type of service provision for residents with an intellectual disability. Outcomes have been documented through the use of group results and a case study of one individual following deinstitutionalisation describes the benefits of this new model of residential accommodation.     

浅谈智障儿童感觉统合训练的实效性

随着社会的发展,对于特殊儿童的关注度不断提高,越来越重视特殊儿童教育.智障儿童是特殊的儿童群体之一,由于大脑出现器质性的损伤,大脑发展不全,在认知、心理、运动以及社会交往中都存在一定的障碍,从而影响儿童之后的健康成长.而这些障碍其实可以通过采用不同的感觉统合训练加以改善,帮助儿童过上正常的生活.本文就感觉统合训练对智障...     

让孩子在音乐的阳光下成长——课外音乐学习调查与对策

随着社会的发展,音乐学习逐渐成为社会化的活动,但存在着小学生审美趣味成人化、学习环境不理想等特点,解决这些问题可通过创设音乐化的学习环境、营造音乐化的生活环境、建立资源共享的班级音乐资料库等途径,使音乐学习成为学生生动、具体、艺术化的生活体验。     

智障人士社区化服务模式研究——以青海H智障人士服务机构为例

作为残疾人中的弱势群体的智障人士,需要家庭和社会的照顾与支持,作为社会成员,他们同样也需要融入社会和参与社会。本文以青海省H智障人士服务机构为例,拟对智障人士社区化服务模式的困境作一初步探讨,以期有利于当前智障人士社区化服务的进一步开展。     

分享阅读 让儿童在快乐中悄悄成长

阅读是儿童成长的基石。我国学前儿童的阅读教学在教学目标、教学策略、教学过程、教学材料上存在着一些误区。科学的幼儿阅读教学应该是基于幼儿兴趣、经验和能力的互动过程。分享阅读（SBR）又称大书阅读,是由新西兰教育学家Don Holdaway于20世纪60年代提出的。经实践证实。分享阅读是一种理想的早期阅读教学方式,可帮助儿童在快乐中悄悄成长。     

滚滚红尘洗童心——记我班的“脑力长征”

中国是个人口大国,但并非教育发达国家。穷国办大教育,历史的原因、基础的原因以及现代化进程的原因,使许多教育“怪现象”层出不穷。身在一线,感受最深的一点是：中国的教育,本来是服务平民的教育,但是却已经畸变为“逃离”平民的教育。中国家长把孩子送进学校,普遍的目标就是让教育改变孩子人生,让教育成为快车道,载着孩子进入社会上层。平民的教育成为了培养贵族的教育。在某些不发达地区的学校,校门口堂而皇之地挂着宣传标语：考上大学穿皮鞋,大学落榜穿草鞋。在应试教育的推波助澜下,这样的隐形甚至明目张胆的教育目标,让中国教育成为象牙塔中的教育,让中国孩子成为不食“人问烟火”的书虫。只要考试分数高,排名靠前,其他一切都不重要。     

让幼儿在体验中成长

幼儿教育既要关心幼儿对知识的掌握,也要重视他们在建构生命意义过程中精神世界的内在体验。体验是个体通过活动对外部世界与自身体认的基础上形成自己的经验、情感、态度的过程,具有亲历性、个体性、感受性等特征,对幼儿主体精神的构建、身心发展的完善、道德的养成等具有重要作用。针对影响幼儿体验生成的原因,幼儿园应采取多种措施促进幼儿体验的升华,使幼儿健康成长。     

Mothering in Families With and Without a Child with Disability

This paper describes some features of a study which compares and contrasts mothers’ perceptions of their family life in three different family environments, those without a child with disability and those families who live with a child with an intellectual or physical disability. All families have children in the middle childhood period allowing the mothers to reflect on earlier experiences and changes in their family life. Mothers’ psychological characteristics are explored in terms of the coping resources they utilise when meeting stressful life situations in their family and how their personal resilience and vulnerability is related to these individual coping resources.     

Promoting Caring in Children and Families as Prevention of Violence Strategy

Promoting caring in children is a powerful venue to prevent violence in our society. This article reviews the roots of violence, explores the various contexts of violence, and then describes how caring can be used to prevent violence. In particular, the role that families and schools can play in helping children develop caring is discussed.     

智力落后成年人生活质量研究综述

智力落后成年人的生活质量问题在国外备受关注,相关研究也不断涌现和深入.生活质量概念如何界定?如何测量和评估智力落后成年人的生活质量?智力落后成年人的生活质量呈现什么样的特征?相关影响因素有哪些?文章就上述四个问题的已有研究做一综述,旨在为我国智力落后者生活质量的研究提供参考.     

试论建构主义学习观在培智学校教学中的运用

目前我国在广泛开展提高培智学校课堂教学质量的研究 ,若想取得突破性进展就需要有先进的理论指导 ,本文介绍一种与培智学校课堂教学密切相关的、近些年兴起的新的学习理论———建构主义理论 ,并主要围绕如何应用、特别是课程设置问题展开论述     

Memory Profile of Children with Nonverbal Learning Disability

The aim of this study was to compare visual and verbal memory in children with nonverbal learning disability (NLD) using the Children's Memory Scale and to identify the profile of strengths and weaknesses in visual memory abilities. Performance was significantly lower on measures of visual than verbal memory, indicating that children with NLD have deficits in visual memory despite adequate verbal memory. A unique pattern of performance emerged for the visual but not the verbal subtests. Performance on the Faces Immediate subtest was well below average, although other measures of visual memory were within the average range. Hence, it appears that children with NLD have a specific deficit on immediate memory for faces. This facial memory deficit may be linked to a deficit in right hemisphere functioning, which has already been implicated in facial processing and may also be linked with other disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) in which similar facial processing deficits have been documented. More research is needed to further understand the visual memory profile of children with NLD and to inform instruction and remediation.     

让孩子带着感恩之心成长 --谈感恩教育

青少年生活方式发生的改变给他们在情感方面的健康发展带来许多困难.青少年的自私冷漠、责任意识的缺失愈来愈受到人们的关注.感恩教育作为一种以情感感染为手段的德育方式,对于解决这些问题将起重要作用.探讨感恩教育的价值、内容及方法.