Practical Experience in Teacher Education: issues Charting a European Agenda

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the role of practical experience within pre‐service and in‐service programmes of teacher education. The increasing importance of practical experience is noted and the variety of forms of partnership between Universities and schools are reviewed. The paper argues (i) for a stronger theoretical articulation of the relationship between the practicum and overall course design, (ii) for greater co‐operation between European countries in developing studies around this common element in all courses and (in) for intellectual links with newly emerging and closely related theories of learning and curriculum.     

走向"解制"的教师教育理念与实践——全美教师质量委员会(NCTQ)评介

通过对美国新近成立的“教师质量委员会”的性质、结构、主张和活动的介绍,展示了与美国教师教育专业化改革方向背道而驰的另类改革走向,指出美国教师质量委员会的主张与举措体现了解制取向的教师教育的理念与实践。认为对这一取向的改革,我们不必盲目效仿,而应静观其变,在充分考虑我国实际情况的基础上,合理借鉴。     

Bringing Outdoor Education Into the Physical Education Agenda: Gender Identities and Social Change

This paper is concerned with ethnographic research from a feminist perspective, focusing upon outdoor and adventurous education. In this paper participants' views and perspectives are located within the wider social, material, and economic context. Evidence suggests that stereotypical assumptions about masculinity and femininity are challenged and gender relations altered through adventurous activities. Not only is it important to recognize the structural inequalities of patriarchy, but it is important to examine situations that could provide opportunities for a shift in gender power relations. Although outdoor education in research in mainstream physical education and feminist research is generally nonexistent, reflexive, sensitive research from feminist perspectives can further develop the understanding of contexts and processes that may promote social change.     

解制：当代美国教师教育改革的另一种声音

教师教育解制的倡导者对现行教师教育的理论和实践进行了批评,提出改革教师资格证书的标准,提倡替代性教师资格证书计划,打破教育学院垄断培养初任教师的局面。     

科学教师专业发展的性别再生产图景

科学教师的知识结构与专业匹配是当前中小学科学科目教学备受非议与关注的焦点,渗透在其中的性别问题更是成为制约科学科目日常教学与科学教师专业发展的困境.文章尝试突破为性别刻板印象所遮蔽的科学教师专业发展研究,基于性别社会学理论来探究社会性别分工对女性科学教师专业发展的影响.研究采用问卷调查走进行动主体,阐明科学教师教育现状,通过访谈探析科学教师的职后专业发展现状,厘清其专业发展的社会结构性成因,梳理女性科学教师专业发展的行动逻辑.研究发现:学科性别隔离与职业性别区隔的双重桎梏加剧了女性科学教师的弱势地位,科学教师需要打破性别藩篱,从组织制度生活中和社会性别建构缝隙中寻找专业发展的可能路径.     

教师教育中的反思性实践

本文试从哲学上的“反思”谈起,进而从几个不同的方面论述教师教育中的反思性实践,包括:反思性实践的由来;反思性实践的突出特点——突破理论与实践二元分裂的传统;教师的实践知识和实践智慧;并在此基础上揭示反思性实践对于教师专业成长的意义。     

The Failing Teacher in Further Education

Abstract

It has become apparent to the present writer that there is within post‐compulsory education a growing awareness of problems both experienced, and caused, by ineffective teachers. Some of the reasons for this increased awareness will be immediately obvious, and could be said to stem directly from the paramount importance colleges, of necessity, attach to ‘inspection readiness’. Many middle managers in colleges have clear, if often publicly unstated, anxieties over the possibilities that may exist for individual lecturers to ‘drag down the inspection grade for the department’, for example.

In this article, my intention is to review this factor, and others that lie behind increased awareness that there is in fact a significant problem of teacher failure. This phenomenon could be loosely defined as ineffectiveness, or underperformance, to such an extent that students and/or managements (and on occasion colleagues) are drawing attention to this, usually by complaining officially or unofficially. Some of the specific manifestations of ‘failure’ will be described and analyzed, and certain proposals will be made concerning strategies and systems that colleges may profitably adopt for the support of members of their teaching staff deemed to be failing. Mention will also be made of the kinds of roles and responsibilities which key college staff and external consultants may in future be increasingly called upon to assume within supportive frameworks.     

从顶岗实习看实践取向的教师教育课程

本文采用“边界机制”理论分析一位师范生的顶岗实习经历,从中反观教师教育课程.作者认为,作为教师教育课程的一部分,教育实习应该与理论学习紧密衔接,教育实习也应帮助实习生理解和运用在师范院校课堂上获得的理论知识.笔者进一步提出以具体教学任务为核心,提供多种课程资源,促进教学反思的教师教育课程模式.     

美国教师教育项目中教师品性评价的实施

为了培养优秀的教师候选人,美国教师教育项目开展了教师品性评价。该评价贯穿于教师候选人的整个学习和实习期间,旨在使教师候选人的品性在不断的反馈中得到充分发展。美国各高校教师教育项目对教师候选人的成功至关重要的品性评价内容进行界定。评价所使用的方法包括行为检核表、评价量表、访谈和品性反思文章。品性评价的实施涉及教师品性评价介绍课程、签订教师品性评价协议、四次主要评价、不定时的评价和评价结果的应用。教师品性的改进采用发挥教授和导师的模范作用、教师品性研讨会、品性改进课程和PDR-PREP方法等途径。     

基础教育教师收入对师资供给的影响

教师队伍的规模与质量是师资供给的两个重要方面.从经济学角度看,与其他职业相比较而言的教师相对收入水平是师资供给的决定性因素.教师相对收入水平不仅会影响劳动者对于教师职业的从业意愿,而且会影响教师队伍的流失率,从而会对教师队伍的规模产生影响.教师相对收入虽然在短期内对教师质量没有显著影响,但是两者的长期变化趋势却是一致的;从地域上看,优秀教师趋向于在教师收入水平较高的地区任教.然而,确定教师的相对收入水平是一个比较复杂的问题,在如何定义收入以及选取收入比较的时间间隔和对照职业等方面都需要谨慎处理.     

The Magic of Psychology in Teacher Education

Educational psychology is a curricular requirement for most teacher preparation programs in the world. Knowledge of educational psychology is assessed on examinations for teacher licensure in most jurisdictions, and understanding of psychology is assumed to be indispensible for effective teaching at all levels. Traditional university‐based teacher‐certification pathways have recently come under attack from various socio‐political sectors, and the curriculum for teacher preparation is among the most contested issues. This article examines the lure of psychology for teacher education.     

The Uses of Literacy in Teacher Education

Alasdair MacIntyre identifies two interconnected problems for present day thinking about the nature of educational provision. The first concerns the very possibility of general educatedness in the social and cultural circumstances of modernity; the second concerns the narrow and specialist route down which professional training has proceeded in contemporary post-industrial societies. This paper explores the implications of MacIntyre's views and argues for a radical reappraisal of current conceptions of teacher education and training.     

在现代教育中教师应具备的素质

培养跨世纪人才需要一支高素质的教师队伍。在现代教育环境下起码应具备师德素质、业务素质、教法素质、语言能力、科研素质,五个方面的素质。     

迈向社会性别平等的教师教育——论女性主义对欧美教师教育实践的影响

从20世纪70年代开始,社会性别已经成为女性主义分析各种教育问题的一个独特视角。文章在已有文献研究的基础上,继续考察和探究女性主义对欧美教师教育实践的影响,试图展现近年来研究者对于如何实现社会性别平等的教师教育所进行的思考,展示欧美教师教育在提高未来教师的性别意识、培养未来教师处理学校和课堂中的社会性别问题等方面所做的努力,以及这些实践所面临的困境,以期能对中国目前的教师教育研究和实践有所借鉴。