Social Class,Ability and Choice of Subject in Secondary and Tertiary Education in Britain

This article examines the impact of family background (social class, cultural and economic capital) and ability on the choice of subjects in secondary and tertiary education in Britain. Using a framework that integrates rational choice perspectives and cultural reproduction theory, we assume that children take their parents' social position as a reference for their own choices, and are guided mainly by the amount of economic and cultural capital that is available within the family. Using longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort (N =13,245), the empirical analysis shows that children from higher social class backgrounds achieved a higher standard in both humanities and scientific subjects in primary and secondary school. Furthermore, children of the professional class were relatively likely to choose the prestigious subjects of medicine and law in university, independent of ability. Both absolute and relative levels of ability were relevant to the choice of subject at degree level, as it was found that people chose subjects that they were relatively good at compared to other subjects. This concept of ‘comparative advantage’ gives additional insight into field‐of‐study choices, but does not explain the gender segregation across disciplines.     

On School Choice and Social Class: a response to Ball,Bowe and Gewirtz

The work of Ball, Bowe and Gewirtz is probably the most important research to be published on the implications of recent ‘school choice’ reforms in England and Wales. One of their most notable conclusions points to the relationship between social class and school choice. Their conclusions are challenged on methodological grounds. First, it is not clear that their qualitative method can support the generalisation about class and choice which they make. However, even as regards more modest conclusions, difficulties arise with the operationalisation of their concepts. For the details of how particular families are fitted into their analytical framework raises severe problems. This leads to their judgements about the allocation of families to categories being controversial, hence undermining even localised conclusions about social class and school choice. Drawing on this analysis, general lessons are sketched for the conduct of qualitative research and its reporting to the research community.     

英美法远程教育理论·政策·机制借鉴和我国远程教育模式的选择

进入21世纪,创新理论、创新观念、创新技术带动了现代远程教育的进一步变革与发展。借鉴国外现代远程教育发展的经验,构建符合我国国情的基于不同网络和不同终端低成本接入的数字化学习支持服务平台,已成为必然趋势。     

Sex and Social Class Inequalities in Education: a re‐examination

Fifteen years ago attention was drawn to the neglect of sex differences in the sociology of education, and to ways in which social class differences in attainment could not ignore these sex differences. The original propositions concerning these differences are re‐examined and expanded in a neo‐Weberian analysis of the work‐marriage, class‐status, education complex, and considered in relation to the available empirical evidence. The alternative feminist‐Marxist approaches are found to be incompatible with the evidence of sex and social class differences in non‐capitalist societies.     

高等院校分层:一种社会阶层分析的视角

在以美、英两国为代表的西方学界,学者们通过研究揭示了基于不同社会阶层存在于学生中的不公平现象:来自优势地位阶层的学生更多地聚集在院校系统的上层,而来自弱势地位阶层的学生则更多聚集在院校系统的下层。与美、英两国相比,中国社会的阶层分类虽有自身的特点,但许多学者的研究也揭示出基于社会阶层存在于学生中的不公平现象也十分明显。这表明,高等院校方层是客观存在的。     

Stratification in Higher Education, Choice and Social Inequalities in Greece

Higher education has expanded to a remarkable extent in many countries in recent decades. Although this has led to high levels of participation, inequalities not only persist but are also strengthened. The persistence of inequalities is partly the result of policies for the widening of participation having been accompanied by institutional stratification with educational choices being unequal and socially defined. There is evidence that with the development of new university departments and the increase in the number of university entrants in Greece, a stratified system of higher education has emerged. This study draws on quantitative data that provides evidence that choice has been driven largely by the students' social class: the close relationship between social class and educational opportunities has remained intact. Furthermore, social inequalities in access and distribution in higher education persist, despite the substantial increase in participation in higher education. Social class is a key factor in the interpretation of choice of study, which, along with the performance in the national level examinations that determines entrance into universities, has also led to the increase in the stratification of higher education institutions.     

教育期望中的社会阶层差异:父母的社会地位和子女教育期望的关系

本文从父母的学历和职业两个方面,分析和论述了社会阶层与教育的关系。对子女的教育期望,由于父母职业和学历的不同,存在差异。拥有高学历的父母亲,对子女的教育期望较高。相同职业的父亲和母亲,对子女的教育期望呈现高度的一致性。无论女孩还是男孩,父母都给予了同样高的教育期望。在不同地区,对子女的教育期望存在差异。     

英、美研究生教育改革与发展趋势

随着知识经济时代高等教育社会地位的不断提高，发达国家尤其是英美两=国正在大力改革研究生教育以增强自己的竞争优势。尽管英美研究生教育各有特色，但由于应对21世纪的共同要求，两国研究生教育的改革与发展凸现了一些共同趋势。     

Measuring Student Choice Criteria Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour: The Case of Taiwan,Australia, UK,and USA

ABSTRACT

The international marketing of higher education is a global phenomenon in which more than 50 countries compete. USA enjoys the largest market share. However, the market place is highly competitive with many players seeking a place in the international club. Increasing competitive practices calls for increasing market research especially in the area of consumer behaviour and student motivations. In this research area this paper explores the differences in behavioural motivations of international students choosing an overseas university in which to study. The method used in the research is Fishbein's and Ajzen's multi-attribute Theory of Planned Behaviour model. From a sample of Taiwanese students, representing the Chinese Diaspora countries, the intentions of students to study in USA, UK and Australia are examined. Three research questions are explored and the outcome demonstrates the usefulness and the insights that can be gained from the application of the model of Theory of Planned Behaviour in a higher education marketing context.     

Disadvantaged Identities: Conflict and Education from Disability,Culture and Social Class

This project reflects on the way in which students in a situation of social risk construct their identity. Based on the reflections and theories originating from research conducted on individuals and collective groups in a situation of social exclusion due to disability, social class or ethnicity, this paper will analyse the conflicts these students have to deal with when constructing their identity. It also examines the challenge that education has to face to turn those conflicts into opportunities that will help to build life projects with which they can freely identify. For this reason, from a critical perspective, the school’s role in constructing identity will be analysed, as will the way in which it affects children and adolescents from minority groups. In the same way, we will study and put forward some different channels aimed at providing more equal educational attention to those identities that are depreciated in neoliberal society.     

英、法、美三国高等教育评估的特点及其启示

英、法、美发达国家的高等教育评估发展的比较完善和系统。通过分析和综合英、法、美三国高等教育评估的特点,得出对我国有借鉴意义的启示：建立规范的中介机构;建立多样化的评估指标体系;科学合理地运用评估结果。     

英国医学院校社会和行为学科教育的现状和未来

在英国,大多数医学院校均为医学生开设了社会和行为科学课程,但是,怎样限定核心内容,以及怎样同预期的学习成果联系起来,仍然是一个有待解决的问题。本文根据问卷调查和研讨会讨论,论述了英国医学院校社会和行为学科教育的现状、问题和未来方向,例如医学课程中社会和行为科学的程度和范围、内容、同一性等。     

美日英高等职业教育学位制度及启示

构建符合职业教育特点的高等职业教育学位制度是建立现代职业教育体系的必然要求,关系到高等职业教育的可持续健康发展,也符合高等职业教育国际化的发展趋势。在分析美国、日本、英国的职业教育学位制度的基础上,探讨其职业教育学位制度的经验,同时剖析我国高等职业教育学位制度的现状,可以为我国职业教育的发展提供借鉴。     

Education,Class and Culture: the Birmingham ethnographic tradition and the problem of the new middle class

The ethnographies of youth culture and schooling produced by the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies and its followers had a major impact on educational sociology during the late 1970s and 1980s. Despite this invaluable contribution, important theoretical and methodological problems emerged in their treatment of class and culture. In particular, the untheorised presence of the ‘new middle class’ and a confusing notion of ‘dominant culture’, weakened the coherence of their analyses. This article traces these problems from the early studies of youth culture through to more recent school ethnographies. It concludes by stressing the relevance of critical concepts like class and culture within contemporary debates emerging from the ‘new’ educational settlement     

论高职教育与社会选择的融合

阐述了高职教育社会选择的含义，指出了高职教育是在一定的社会选择中产生和发展起来的，分析了高职教育的社会选择是一个复杂的过程，高职教育发展的根本出路在于与社会选择相融合，并提出了高职教育与社会选择融合的途径与方法。     

美国高校创新教育实验室和社会创客空间考察

该文对美国高校创新教育实验室和社会创客空间的发展进行了探讨。通过对麻省理工学院媒体实验室、纽约大学ITP项目、加州大学伯克利分校社会利益信息技术研究中心、斯坦福大学设计学院、波士顿Artisan’s Asylum创客空间、奥克兰The Crucible创客空间、欧特克公司9号码头工作室等地的考察,深入了解了美国高校及社会的创客生态环境,包括物理空间设计、创新人才培养模式和组织运行机制等,提出了在高校建设创客空间、以创客模式开展创新创业教育的思路和方法。