On School Choice and Social Class: a response to Ball,Bowe and Gewirtz

The work of Ball, Bowe and Gewirtz is probably the most important research to be published on the implications of recent ‘school choice’ reforms in England and Wales. One of their most notable conclusions points to the relationship between social class and school choice. Their conclusions are challenged on methodological grounds. First, it is not clear that their qualitative method can support the generalisation about class and choice which they make. However, even as regards more modest conclusions, difficulties arise with the operationalisation of their concepts. For the details of how particular families are fitted into their analytical framework raises severe problems. This leads to their judgements about the allocation of families to categories being controversial, hence undermining even localised conclusions about social class and school choice. Drawing on this analysis, general lessons are sketched for the conduct of qualitative research and its reporting to the research community.     

英美法远程教育理论·政策·机制借鉴和我国远程教育模式的选择

进入21世纪,创新理论、创新观念、创新技术带动了现代远程教育的进一步变革与发展。借鉴国外现代远程教育发展的经验,构建符合我国国情的基于不同网络和不同终端低成本接入的数字化学习支持服务平台,已成为必然趋势。     

高等院校分层:一种社会阶层分析的视角

在以美、英两国为代表的西方学界,学者们通过研究揭示了基于不同社会阶层存在于学生中的不公平现象:来自优势地位阶层的学生更多地聚集在院校系统的上层,而来自弱势地位阶层的学生则更多聚集在院校系统的下层。与美、英两国相比,中国社会的阶层分类虽有自身的特点,但许多学者的研究也揭示出基于社会阶层存在于学生中的不公平现象也十分明显。这表明,高等院校方层是客观存在的。     

教育期望中的社会阶层差异:父母的社会地位和子女教育期望的关系

本文从父母的学历和职业两个方面,分析和论述了社会阶层与教育的关系。对子女的教育期望,由于父母职业和学历的不同,存在差异。拥有高学历的父母亲,对子女的教育期望较高。相同职业的父亲和母亲,对子女的教育期望呈现高度的一致性。无论女孩还是男孩,父母都给予了同样高的教育期望。在不同地区,对子女的教育期望存在差异。     

英、美研究生教育改革与发展趋势

随着知识经济时代高等教育社会地位的不断提高,发达国家尤其是英美两=国正在大力改革研究生教育以增强自己的竞争优势。尽管英美研究生教育各有特色,但由于应对21世纪的共同要求,两国研究生教育的改革与发展凸现了一些共同趋势。     

Disadvantaged Identities: Conflict and Education from Disability,Culture and Social Class

This project reflects on the way in which students in a situation of social risk construct their identity. Based on the reflections and theories originating from research conducted on individuals and collective groups in a situation of social exclusion due to disability, social class or ethnicity, this paper will analyse the conflicts these students have to deal with when constructing their identity. It also examines the challenge that education has to face to turn those conflicts into opportunities that will help to build life projects with which they can freely identify. For this reason, from a critical perspective, the school’s role in constructing identity will be analysed, as will the way in which it affects children and adolescents from minority groups. In the same way, we will study and put forward some different channels aimed at providing more equal educational attention to those identities that are depreciated in neoliberal society.     

英国医学院校社会和行为学科教育的现状和未来

在英国,大多数医学院校均为医学生开设了社会和行为科学课程,但是,怎样限定核心内容,以及怎样同预期的学习成果联系起来,仍然是一个有待解决的问题。本文根据问卷调查和研讨会讨论,论述了英国医学院校社会和行为学科教育的现状、问题和未来方向,例如医学课程中社会和行为科学的程度和范围、内容、同一性等。     

Education,Class and Culture: the Birmingham ethnographic tradition and the problem of the new middle class

The ethnographies of youth culture and schooling produced by the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies and its followers had a major impact on educational sociology during the late 1970s and 1980s. Despite this invaluable contribution, important theoretical and methodological problems emerged in their treatment of class and culture. In particular, the untheorised presence of the ‘new middle class’ and a confusing notion of ‘dominant culture’, weakened the coherence of their analyses. This article traces these problems from the early studies of youth culture through to more recent school ethnographies. It concludes by stressing the relevance of critical concepts like class and culture within contemporary debates emerging from the ‘new’ educational settlement     

论高职教育与社会选择的融合

阐述了高职教育社会选择的含义,指出了高职教育是在一定的社会选择中产生和发展起来的,分析了高职教育的社会选择是一个复杂的过程,高职教育发展的根本出路在于与社会选择相融合,并提出了高职教育与社会选择融合的途径与方法。     

Bilingual Education and Social Class: some speculative observations in the Hong Kong context

In this paper, we propose a possible correlation between bilingual education and social class. We investigate this assumption along four parameters: intergroup relationship, usefulness of the target language, first language proficiency and quality of program; we argue that the results differ depending on the social‐economic background of the learners. When the four variables are applied to the bilingual program in Hong Kong, we find a similar situation, namely, that because of the different language learning environment, members from the lower social‐economic background are less likely to learn successfully in a bilingual program than those from the higher social background. We also suspect that since 90% of the programs in our secondary education system are bilingual, learners from certain social groups may find themselves at a disadvantage when competing for equal educational opportunity.     

美国高校创新教育实验室和社会创客空间考察

该文对美国高校创新教育实验室和社会创客空间的发展进行了探讨。通过对麻省理工学院媒体实验室、纽约大学ITP项目、加州大学伯克利分校社会利益信息技术研究中心、斯坦福大学设计学院、波士顿Artisan’s Asylum创客空间、奥克兰The Crucible创客空间、欧特克公司9号码头工作室等地的考察,深入了解了美国高校及社会的创客生态环境,包括物理空间设计、创新人才培养模式和组织运行机制等,提出了在高校建设创客空间、以创客模式开展创新创业教育的思路和方法。     

英国终身教育发展概论

与世界其他国家相比，英国发展终身教育的历程显示了十分鲜明的法制性、渐进性等特点。探讨和分析荚国终身教育发展特点，不仅有助于我们加深对终身教育概念的理解，而且也为我国的终身教育体系和学习化社会的构建提供了有益的借鉴。     

美日英高等职业教育学位制度比较

分析阐述了美、日、英三国高等职业教育学位制度的历史发展沿革并比较了三国高等职业教育学位制度的异同,讨论了其对我国高等职业教育学位制度发展的启示。     

Education as a Social Right in a Diverse Society

The aim of this article is to outline the basis for a comprehensive account of educational rights. It begins by acknowledging the difficulties posed by diversity, and defends a conception of universal human rights that limits parental educational discretion. Against the backdrop of the literature of public reason and fair equality of opportunity, it sketches arguments for the existence of rights to education of some specific kinds. Those rights, and associated educational purposes, are systematised on the basis of a conception of education as initiation into practices that express human flourishing.     

社会阶层如何影响个体的亲社会行为?——机制与相关因素的探讨

社会阶层的社会认知理论与相关研究表明,低社会阶层者常比高社会阶层者更亲社会,而亲社会行为的资源和代价理论认为高阶层者更有能力和可能做出亲社会行为。随着实证研究的增多,研究者开始从多种因素(微观的个体水平变量,如人格因素;中观的情境水平变量,即具体的社会互动情境;宏观的社会与文化变量,如社会结构与文化因素)共同影响行为的视角入手来全面地理解社会阶层与亲社会行为之间的关系。研究发现,微观个体层面的互惠信念、感恩特质和相对剥夺感,中观情境层面的互动对方的利他水平、慈善呼吁类型和亲社会情境公开性,以及宏观社会层面的收入不平等性和文化等因素,都会影响社会阶层与亲社会行为之间的关系。未来研究应探讨亲社会情境、社会与文化层面的因素如何与个体的社会阶层交互影响其亲社会行为;考察受助者的社会阶层如何激发人们的亲社会行为,以及行动者的社会阶层对亲社会行为传递的影响。