Recruiting Principals to Lead Low-performing Schools: Effects on Job Attractiveness

This study addressed recruiting principals into low performing schools. A sample (N = 619) of principals, assistant principals, central office administrators, school counselors, and teacher-leaders from the 29th largest school district in the United States role-played as applicants for principal vacancies at schools classified as low-performing based on results of standardized student achievement tests. The study had an experimental design and involved use of a recruitment simulation. Rating jobs depicted on simulated principal recruitment announcements, principals and assistant principals rated the job highest while school counselors rated the jobs lowest. Among the teacher-leaders, teacher-administrative interns rated the job higher than did highly skilled educators or resource teachers. Implications for recruitment practice and future evaluation research are discussed.     

An Experimental Approach to Evaluating the Viability of Potential Applicants for Assistant Principal Vacancies

Despite the purported national shortage of qualified applicants for administrator vacancies, there is little empirical research regarding assistant principal recruitment. This study involved an experiment to evaluate the viability of teachers as applicants for assistant principal vacancies. ANOVA results indicated administrator certification program status (admitted, not admitted) and school level (elementary, middle school, high school) explained 28% of the variance in job ratings. Teachers who were enrolled in administrator certification programs rated the job higher than did teachers who were not enrolled in administrator preparation programs. Middle school teachers rated the job higher than did high school teachers. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.     

Assistant principals in high-stakes accountability environments: The effects of job attributes and school characteristics

This study addressed the topic of job specifications and school characteristics since there is a shortage of quality AP applicants in high-stakes accountability environments. It is important to learn about allocation of duties from educational administrators with on-the-job experience as well as to learn why current APs would consider applying for other AP positions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of job attributes (instruction, discipline), school level (elementary, middle, high), and school achievement (in-need-of-assistance, progressing, meets goal) on applicant’s rating of an AP position. This research study used an experimental design. A main effect for job attributes indicated that instruction was significantly higher than discipline when attracting assistant principals. Implications for practice and research are discussed.     

Leadership succession

In the year 2007 in Scotland, in common with countries elsewhere in the world, the difficulty of recruiting high-calibre school leaders was becoming an increasing concern. The recruitment and retention study, commissioned by the Scottish Government and undertaken by three universities (Cambridge, Edinburgh and Glasgow), was charged with exploring the reasons for the shortfall of appropriate applicants. The study involved a national survey of teachers and head teachers, discussions with local authority administrators and follow-up interviews with a sample of respondents. The study identified on the one hand a common core of ‘satisfiers’ and ‘dissatisfiers’ of headship together with incentives and disincentives to apply for the job. A range of strategies adopted to cope with the pressures of the job illustrate the degree to which individuals respond by simply drowning in excessive paperwork and multiple accountabilities or are able to be adventurous and risk-taking with an ability to ‘fly below the radar’.     

Theories for teacher selection: Objective, subjective, and critical contact

Decisions made by applicants for teaching positions have generally been ignored by most teacher selection research. The purpose of this study is to obtain additional information about the teacher as a decision-maker. Contents of recruitment interviews were varied via video tape to reflect the salient factors associated with the objective, subjective, and critical contact theories. The reactions of teachers to these manipulations were assessed in a laboratory study. Teachers were more positive when the recruitment interview stressed nonpecuniary aspects of the work environment (subjective theory) than when the recruitment interview stressed either economic incentives offered by a local school district (objective theory) or specific information about the work itself (critical contact theory).     

高校实验技术人员招聘成功的关键因素

以分析高校实验专业技术人员的岗位要求为基础,力求探讨出招聘成功的关键因素。在规范的人力资源管理理论[1]的基础上,综合运用关键指标考核体系[2]、平衡计分卡[3]等管理理论,通过问卷设计与调查、面谈法、定量分析和个案实证研究等相结合的研究方法,以武汉大学ABSL-III实验室2012年招聘实验技术人员为案例,从而得出的结论为:高校实验技术人员招聘的基础性工作在于认真研究岗位职责,明确岗位要求;科学设计招聘流程和考核办法是招聘到合适实验技术人员的保障;拓宽招聘信息发布渠道是实现招聘的有效途径;贯彻以人为本、注重反馈和交流的招聘理念则是人才招聘工作可持续发展的根本。     

Principal Recruitment: An Empirical Evaluation of a School District’s Internal Pool of Principal Certified Personnel

Applicant pools for principal vacancies are shrinking nationwide. This shortage of job applicants requires school districts to evaluate their internal pools of principal certified personnel. In this study, 194 certified individuals from a large school district responded to a survey measuring attraction to the job of principal, current job satisfaction versus expected satisfaction in the job of principal, barriers to pursuing the job, and recommended changes in the job. Few participants intended to apply for principal vacancies due to age (median=51), lack of self-reported capability to do the job, and satisfaction with the current job. Participants perceived their job satisfaction would decrease on assuming the job of principal relative to factors such as time with family and job security, and increase relative to factors such as salary and opportunity to experience varied activities. Implications for principal recruitment and recommendations for restructuring the job are discussed.     

COMMUNITY COLLEGE FACULTY RECRUITMENT: EFFECTS OF JOB MOBILITY,RECRUITER SIMILARITY-DISSIMILARITY,AND APPLICANT GENDER

The study reported in this article was a factorial experiment that addressed the usefulness of the Rynes and Barber (1990) applicant attraction model and the Byrne (1971) similarity-attraction hypothesis as theoretical frameworks for conducting empirical research about community college faculty recruitment. Study participants (N = 136) were business professionals completing the masters of business administration degree who position announcements of community college business faculty vacancies. The independent variables were job mobility (relocation required vs. relocation not required), recruiter background (business vs. education), and applicant gender. The dependent variable was a composite rating for applicant reaction to a job described in a faculty position announcement. Both male and female applicants rated jobs most favorably when the job did not require relocation F(1,128) = 5.16, p.05 and the recruiter conveying the job message had a professional background similar to that of the applicant F(1,128) = 11.97, p.001. These findings have implications for theory, educational recruitment practice, and future research.     

The characteristics and perceptions of teachers engaged in leading professional communities

Following educational reform in Israel, teacher-leaders create and lead professional development communities (PDCs), which are professional learning communities with a focus on in-service professional development and/or improving pedagogical effectiveness. Interviews with 30 teacher-leaders and all four district-level program coordinators revealed that, prior to assuming the role, teacher-leaders developed their professional and leadership skills largely in a self-directed manner. They described their PDCs as cohesive and dedicated, cooperative, involving peer-learning, and as creating a knowledge bank of teaching methods and tools. PDCs enable teachers to advance projects within the school and affect school culture. Principals’ involvement with PDCs varied, with their usually considerable involvement very favorably regarded. This article describes these findings and discusses their implications for the professional development of teachers in the international context.     

The Effects of Job Benefits and Job Experience on Teacher Ratings of the Job of School Council Member

This article reports the results of an empirical study examining whether the benefits of school council service function as incentives for teachers to seek the position. Public school teachers (N = 132) read a recruitment message depicting the financial awards and informal rewards accruing to council members and indicated the likelihood that they would seek the position. Analysis of variance revealed that categories of job benefits (pecuniary, nonpecuniary) interacted with teacher job experience (relatively inexperienced, experienced) to influence teacher ratings of the recruitment message. Teachers with 10 years or fewer than 10 years teaching experience reacted more positively to recruitment messages emphasizing pecuniary job benefits than did teachers with more than ten years teaching experience. The results have implications for policies designed to restructure the educational workplace.     

员工招聘风险防范的经济方法

员工招聘是人力资源管理活动的基础和开始。由于企业与求职者之间关于求职者能力认知的信息不对称,导致企业的招聘面临两种逆选择风险。这两种风险都会给企业带来显著的费用增加和机会损失。企业应从经济学角度采取具体措施来避免招聘风险,在激烈的市场竞争中获得竞争优势。     

“考编”的伦理反思

相比2005年之前国家对师范毕业生“包分配”的旧教师准入制度,以选拔性为特质的“考编”无疑提高了教师准入门槛,拓宽了教师来源渠道,为中小学教育事业输入了不少优秀人才。但是,从伦理的角度来看,现行的考编制度在内容和形式上存在着公正性缺失、合理性不足及不够尊重家长、学生和应聘者等问题。完善教师资格证制度,实行“差额试用制”,可以构建更为公正、合理的中小学教师聘任制度,同时也可以争取将越来越多的优秀人才选拔到教师队伍中来。     

What are the problems with teacher supply?

This paper is based on our studies of teacher recruitment and retention. Using official statistics from a variety of secondary sources, it builds on our previous work on the changing demand for teachers by exploring issues of teacher supply in the UK. Our findings suggest there is no overall shortage of applicants to initial teacher education and training (ITET), and the number of applicants and places are now higher than at any time since 1982. There were, however, almost as many unsuccessful as successful applicants to ITET courses, despite some recruitment targets not being met. Furthermore, it was not clear how these targets were set and whether they included an estimate of trainee attrition and/or the number of successful trainees expected to enter the teaching profession. There were imbalances in the supply of teachers, with many more female than male trainees. The majority of trainees were in their twenties, with the chances of being offered a training place decreasing with age, despite the uneven age profile of the contemporary teaching profession. There are important structural limitations to teacher supply, particularly in relation to the number of graduates in maths and science subjects. Improving teacher recruitment in these areas is, thus, dependent on increasing the number of students continuing to study these subjects in post-sixteen and higher education.     

英国基础教育教师招聘与留用战略探析

教师队伍建设是关乎国家未来的重要任务,因此教师的招聘与留用极其重要。针对当前英国基础教育领域中存在的教师供需失衡问题,英国采取了一系列教师招聘与留用策略,包括创造良好的学校文化氛围,提高对新入职教师的支持,提高教师职业吸引力,并进一步拓宽教师入职的渠道。英国开发专门的教师供应模型预测教师需求,从政策层面营造校园文化,加大投资吸引转行教师等举措都颇具新意,然而具体策略的投资回报率等还有待进一步观察。     

How schools train principals to use new teacher evaluation systems: A comparative case study of charter school and traditional public school principals

Over the past decade U.S. policymakers, practitioners, and researchers have sought to examine if changing teacher evaluation policies and systems have resulted in changes in identifying quality teachers and/or increased student achievement. This research generally shows most states have experienced little change in how teachers are rated. Researchers are now exploring why, in many cases, teacher evaluation reforms have failed to produce the desired systematic changes of better identifying quality teachers and better distinguishing teacher performance. Embedded within this line of inquiry is how principals (and other evaluators) are trained to use new teacher evaluation systems. This comparative case study observed six principals (three charter school principals and three traditional public school principals) in the U.S. state of Michigan as they learned and enacted a new teacher evaluation system. Additionally, all principals were interviewed three times throughout the school year, in an effort to examine how their initial teacher evaluation training impacted their evaluation of teachers. The research questions that guided this work were: (1) how are principals initially trained when their school adopts a new teacher evaluation system?; (2) in what ways does the training received by charter school principals compare to that of traditional public school principals?; and (3) how does initial training impact how principals evaluate teachers? Results indicate principals are trained to navigate the logistics of new teacher evaluation systems, but are not trained to evaluate teacher performance. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.     

Responding to teacher shortages: relationships among mobility experiences,attitudes, and intentions of Dutch teachers

From all over the world there have been calls from governmental institutions to address a shortage of high quality teachers. As changing jobs generates new experiences, job mobility could be a way for teachers to adhere to the government’s call to develop themselves into the teaching force needed. The research question of this study was: How do the experience with mobility and the attitude towards mobility of Dutch secondary school teachers shape their intentions to be mobile? A secondary analysis was conducted on data collected among 1261 respondents. Attitudes towards mobility were found to be linked to past experience with mobility and there is a strong relationship between the attitude towards mobility and the intention to be mobile. The control variables age, experience in teaching, and type of employment seem to have an effect as well. Implications for the teacher shortage issue are discussed.     

新中国成立前后高校解决师资难题的路径探析——以唐山工学院为例

新中国成立前后,我国高等教育亟待蓄力起步,而高校作为高等教育的实际承担者,如何解决师资不济之难题,是高校能否有序开展教育、培养国家建设人才的关键所在。在师资延聘过程中,唐山工学院通过留聘旧教员、向上级和其他单位部门申请调聘所缺师资、留聘毕业生、充分利用社会关系延聘师资及加强师资延聘宣传工作等一系列卓有成效的举措,在一定程度上克服了师资短缺的困境,为学校开展教育教学及科学研究提供了保障,同时也为当代高校延揽人才积累了宝贵经验。     

《劳动合同法》视域下教师聘任制的劳动关系审视

教师聘任制的实施由于编制短缺、法律细则滞后以及法律意识匮乏等原因导致学校与教师之间权利与义务的失衡。《劳动合同法》的正式施行,为实行真正意义上的教师聘任制提供了重要的法律依据。依照《劳动合同法》,实施教师聘任制要以合法、公平、自愿、诚信为原则,在保障学校与教师双方权利和义务的基础上,以用工为事实,以合同为标志构建二者之间的劳动关系,并需直面教师聘任制将触及的新问题。     

美国中小学国际教师招募现象解析

近年来,去美国从事中小学教学工作的外国教师越来越多,这也成为美国教育领域乃至全社会关注的焦点。有人把这一现象称为进口教育者。从其他国家招募教师,反映出美国基础教育教师不足的现状,一定程度上削弱了美国内改善师资状况的努力,并将教师短缺的危机转嫁到他国,尤其是发展中国家。美国教师联合会对美国进口教育者现象作了调研,分析了其中的原因及产生的影响。     

基于信号博弈的企业外部招聘行为分析

企业外部招聘经常会面临企业与应聘者之间的信息不对称问题。应用信号博弈方法,分析企业与应聘者之间的信息不对称问题。当信号成本在不同应聘者之间存在差异性时,市场完全成功的分离均衡是企业外部招聘存在的唯一精炼贝叶斯博弈均衡。分析结论有助于企业利用信号成本来识别应聘者的真实能力,进而提高非对称信息条件下企业外部招聘的效率。