重思公共教育的作用

本文旨在于现代背景下重建公众和公共教育的概念.亚里士多德理解的公共教育涉及公众的再生产,它包括某种身份的形成和对使用理性话语沟通的信奉.在现代背景下重思公共教育,需要对亚氏的公众定义加以修订.本文通过分析米尔顿·弗里德曼等新资本主义者支持择校的观点中存在的两个问题,提出了公众是理想的监管者的主张.通过参与共有价值观的集体反思,公共群体共同制定新规范,增加新的准则,开展道德创新,使其能够应对新的现实.     

巴西基础教育十年进展述评（1995-2004）及启示

巴西是南美大国,由于历史条件、贫富差距及地域差异等方面因素,基础教育到20世纪90年代中期仍积贫积弱。1995年后,巴西新政府实施基础教育改革计划,在十年期间内,使巴西基础教育面貌焕然一新。2004年以后,新计划正被实施以解决原计划遗留的问题,巴西基础教育迎来了更大发展的机遇期。     

巴西教育平等透视

巴西社会贫富分化悬殊导致了教育不平等的现状,政府通过法律保障、政策导向与措施落实等加以改善,取得了一定成效。透视巴西的教育平等,解析并思考教育平等与教育发展的两难困境、文化再生产与教育平等的关系、教育平等到教育公平至教育质量之发展的路径,将有助于发展中国家实现教育平等的理念。     

Homeschooling in Brazil: A Matter of Rights or a Political Debate?

ABSTRACT

This article presents an analysis of the right to education in Brazil in light of the growing number of Brazilian families practicing homeschooling. The debate is recent in Brazil. Here we present an analysis of international literature on homeschooling, Brazilian literature on the right to education, and an appraisal of lawsuits against Brazilian families for teaching their children at home. In light of truancy regulations and the evolution of a right to education in Brazil, homeschooling creates legal and political challenges.     

质量关注：巴西教师教育改革述评

与大多数发展中国家不同,巴西一直保持着教师数量的低增长态势。因此近年来,巴西主要关注如何培养高质量的教师,提高师资培训的效果。一方面,巴西非常注重推进教师的专业化进程,认为这是提升教师质量的外部保障;另一方面,突出教师的实践能力、教育智慧的形成,将其视为教师质量保证的内在诉求。     

Seeing the ‘new’ in light of the ‘old’: evolving interpretations of a new national English curriculum

This 2‐year longitudinal study explores the process by which three populations of practitioners (mentors, co‐ordinators, and teachers) interpreted a national curriculum involving a change in policies for teaching English as a foreign language. The analysis revealed that the process of managing the changes brought about by the new curriculum yielded ‘dialogues of practice’ between ‘old’ and ‘new’. These dialogues engaged mentors, co‐ordinators, and teachers alike in mediating between new understandings and old ones. It addresses the ways in which they made sense of the terminology of the new curriculum in light of the old curriculum, negotiated between new pedagogical content knowledge and ingrained conceptions of subject‐matter teaching, adapted old understandings of testing to new conceptions of performance‐assessment processes, and mediated between their need to preserve a sense of professional competence while feeling destabilized as ‘novices’ as they confronted innovative curricular practices. Participants' strategic need to ‘survive’ the changes resulted in the development of networks to support professional exchange and assist teachers in managing their way through the uncertainty of curricular change.     

巴西远程开放教育的现状与启示

巴西的远程教育在百年的发展过程中形成了自身特色,并出台建立巴西开放大学、开发数字教育知识库、推广移动学习等举措。我国远程教育的发展可借鉴其成功之处,扬长避短、挖掘自身优势,夯实基础教育、提高教师素质,加强与普通高校的合作、推动终身教育体系建设,注重开放教育资源版权的保护并加强立法,以促进我国远程开放教育事业的建设与发展。     

巴西高等教育现代化策略研究

巴西高等教育起步较晚,深受宗主国葡萄牙高等教育模式的影响。但巴西在高等教育现代化进程中较好地处理了国际移植与本土化的关系问题,采取了一系列高等教育现代化策略,使巴西高等教育迅速崛起,走过了一条可资借鉴的高等教育现代化发展之路。     

浅谈高校公共艺术教育与思想政治教育

高校公共艺术教育不同于艺术技巧教育,其注重对大学生艺术审美素质和健全人格的培养。时代要求我们要将高校公共艺术教育和思想政治工作紧密结合,用公共艺术教育来加强思政教育的内容和方法。要加强我国高校公共艺术教育,需注重培养大学生终生艺术教育的思维和能力,深化教材改革和教学思路以及构建校园公共艺术环境。     

对云南高校公共体育课程增设健美操课程的可行性研究——以女生为例

为了做好高校公共体育课程改革,适应我国教育体制,文章从健美操的特点和功能出发,对学生喜爱健美操的程度进行调查分析,得出：学生对健美操的喜爱程度极高,在云南高校公共体育课程中增设健美操课程切实可行。     

浅析巴西私立高等教育扩张对教育公平的影响

近年来,巴西私立高等教育急剧扩张,但由于高昂的学费以及学位价值与支出的课程费用的不相称,大多数巴西人并不能就读私立大学。这不仅产生了教育的质量问题,而且也出现了教育不公平的现象。尽管私立高等教育中的助学贷款和政府补贴有所增加,但教育公平仍不能真正实现。     

Higher education in Turkey: Subsidizing the rich or the poor?

We investigate how the benefits of publicly financed higher education in Turkey are distributed among students with different socioeconomic backgrounds. We use a dataset from a nationally representative sample of university entrance exam takers together with data on government subsidies to public universities. We compare the characteristics of students who succeed in the exam to those who do not and those who enter public universities to those who go to private ones. Our econometric analyses based on a three-stage selection model reveal that students from wealthier and more educated families are more likely to be successful at university entrance. Unlike the findings in other countries, students who enroll in private universities come from higher income and more educated families. Among those who enter public universities, students from higher income and better educated families are more likely to go to universities that receive larger subsidies from the government.     

The World Bank’s position on early child education in Brazil: a critical assessment of contributions and shortcomings

In 2010, the World Bank published a policy study on early child education (ECE) developments in Brazil, entitled Early Child Education: Making Programs Work for Brazil’s Most Important Generation. Development. This paper analyses the report’s assessment of ECE policy in Brazil as well as the recommendations it provides. A critical analysis of ECE shows that the report’s insistence that financial constraints necessitate a trade-off between coverage and quality privileges the influence and position of the private sector and urges public–private partnerships as a cost-saving strategy. While it commends the Brazilian Government for its commitment to universal access to preschool, it argues for more targeted investment in quality rather than access. This paper argues that the quality-coverage debate should be set aside and overall investment in ECE should be increased. It also argues that issues excluded from the report such as disability, race and rural access to ECE must be considered in the development of sound social policy.     

南朝皇室与士族社会生活互动关系及其对南朝文学的影响

南朝皇室与土族社会生活互动关系体现在士族自身素质下降与皇室相对上升等多个方面.这种互动无疑对南朝文学的繁荣产生了重要影响.