基于扎根理论的网络健康信息多维度风险感知理论模型研究

[目的/意义]用户的风险感知程度会直接影响用户采纳健康信息的行为和效率。因此,探究用户对网络健康信息的风险感知维度及其影响因素,有利于制定更具针对性的网络健康信息服务策略以及公共政策,促进互联网健康信息服务业的发展。[方法/过程]研究对网络健康信息用户进行半结构化访谈,基于扎根理论对资料进行开放性编码、主轴编码和选择性编码。[结果 /结论]通过分析共得到134个概念,40个范畴和12个主范畴,解析出六维度网络健康信息风险感知结构(包括信息质量风险、信息来源风险、隐私风险、心理风险、系统质量风险和财务风险),并构建网络健康信息风险感知理论模型,为解读网络健康信息风险感知与健康认知能力和风险后果之间的关系提供了理论依据。     

Being my own gatekeeper,how I tell the fake and the real – Fake news perception between typologies and sources

The phenomenal spread of fake news online necessitates further research into fake news perception. We stress human factors in misinformation management. This study extends prior research on fake news and media consumption to examine how people perceive fake news. The objective is to understand how news categories and sources influence individuals' perceptions of fake news. Participants (N = 1008) were randomly allocated to six groups in which they evaluated the believability of news from three categories (misinformation, conspiracy, and correction news) coupled with six online news sources whose background (official media, commercial media, and social media) and expertise level varied (the presence or absence of a professional editorial team). Our findings indicated people could distinguish media sources, which have a significant effect on fake news perception. People believed most in conspiracy news and then misinformation included in correction news, demonstrating the backfire of correction news. The significant interaction effects indicate people are more sensitive to misinformation news and show more skepticism toward misinformation on social media. The findings support news literacy that users are capable to leverage credible sources in navigating online news. Meanwhile, challenges of processing correction news require design measures to promote truth-telling news.     

Can AI artifacts influence human cognition? The effects of artificial autonomy in intelligent personal assistants

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies provide various artificial autonomy features that allow intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) to assist users in managing the dynamically expanding applications, devices, and services in their daily lives. However, limited academic research has been done to validate empirically artificial autonomy and its downstream consequences on human behavior. This study investigates the role of artificial autonomy by dividing it into three types of autonomy in terms of task primitives, namely, sensing, thought, and action autonomy. Drawing on mind perception theory, the authors hypothesize that the two fundamental dimensions of humanlike perceptions—competence and warmth—of non-human entities could explain the mechanism between artificial autonomy and IPA usage. Our results reveal that the comparative effects of competence and warmth perception exist when artificial autonomy contributes to users' continuance usage intention. Theoretically, this study increases our understanding of AI-enabled artificial autonomy in information systems research. These findings also provide insightful suggestions for practitioners regarding AI artifacts design.     

Information avoidance in the age of COVID-19: A meta-analysis

Guided by three major theoretical frameworks, this meta-analysis synthesizes 17 empirical studies (15 articles with 18,297 participants, 13 of them are from non-representative samples) and quantifies the effect sizes of a list of antecedents (e.g., cognitive, affective, and social factors) on information avoidance during the COVID-19 context. Findings indicated that information-related factors including channel belief (r = -0.35, p < .01) and information overload (r = 0.23, p < .01) are more important in determining individual's avoidance behaviors toward COVID-19 information. Factors from the psychosocial aspects, however, had low correlations with information avoidance. While informational subjective norms released a negative correlation (r = -0.16, p < .1) which was approaching significant, positive and negative risk responses were not associated with information avoidance. Moderator analysis further revealed that the impacts of several antecedents varied for people with different demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, region of origin), and under certain sampling methods. Theoretically, this meta-analysis may help determine the most dominant factors from a larger landscape, thus providing valuable directions to refine frameworks and approaches in health information behaviors. Findings from moderator analysis have also practically inspired certain audience segmentation strategies to tackle occurrence of information avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Developing a platform-specific framework for web credibility assessment: A case of social Q&A sites

Social question-and-answer (Q&A) sites have the potential to serve as a useful source of online information based on their content-focused and collaborative nature. Although previous research has examined various attributes of high-quality information on social Q&A sites (e.g., best answers), relatively less attention has been paid to what affects users’ credibility assessments of information in the social Q&A context. The present study developed a social Q&A platform-specific framework for web credibility assessment, including 21 criteria under six types of web credibility, based on a literature analysis and case study of two online Q&A communities, Stack Exchange and Wikipedia Reference Desk. Using the selected sites’ policies and guidelines (n = 46) as the source of evidence, the case study revealed that content-related attributes (e.g., evidence-based, pertinence) were most frequently identified (12 of 21 criteria) as potential cues and heuristics for web credibility assessments of social Q&A sites, followed by author-related (five of 21; e.g., reputation) and design-related (four of 21; e.g., engaging design) factors. Design-related criteria were rarely included in previous models of web credibility on social Q&A or similar peer-knowledge production platforms. However, our findings showing that both Stack Exchange and Wikipedia Reference Desk have policies regarding all four design-related criteria in our framework—engaging design, moderation, design appropriateness, and ease of use—indicate the potential influences of design features on users’ web credibility assessment on social Q&A sites. Some differences emerged between the two cases, such as policies regarding the answerer's credentials or semantic accuracy that are present on Wikipedia Reference Desk but absent on Stack Exchange. Such differences in the sites’ policies reflect how they position themselves as social Q&A communities—Wikipedia, of which Wikipedia Reference Desk is a part, as an encyclopedia, and Stack Exchange as a community-based platform for learning, sharing knowledge, and building careers of users.     

Information encountering and management in information literacy instruction of undergraduate,students

The nature of the information-rich environment of the 21st century has affected the ways in which students’ access information. Students no longer have to seek information; they acquire it passively through their everyday use of the Internet. This paper presents findings of a study involving the information encountering experiences of undergraduate students and the potential role of personal information collection, management, and retrieval in information literacy instruction. Undergraduate students enrolled in an information literacy course were surveyed regarding their experiences online with information encountering and personal information management. Survey questions were adopted from the information encountering scale developed by Wise & Erdelez (2012) and consisted of twelve questions focused on the noticing, stopping, examining, and capturing steps of the Information encountering model (Erdelez, 2004). The study indicates that the vast majority of the undergraduate students responding to the survey were frequently encountering unexpected information while online, but were not capturing this information for future use using built-in, web-based tools. While information literacy courses teach students to identify, seek, analyze, and use needed information, they do not prepare them to manage and retrieve unexpected information encountered while using the Internet.     

收益预期、成本认知、风险评估与技术选择决策

农户对农业技术的价值感知及采用倾向水平是事关农户技术采用行为的关键内驱力。本文构建了农户技术综合价值感知影响其技术采用倾向的综合测度模型,并利用甘肃省定西市338家农户的基础调研数据进行了验证,结果表明样本农户存在以下特征：①对新农业技术普遍有较高的综合价值感知及采用倾向;②收益风险感知较高而健康风险感知很低,对技术收益不确定性的担忧与对技术潜在安全问题的漠视并存;③预期收益和健康风险感知分别从正向和负向作用于农户的技术综合价值感知;④预期收益和综合价值感知对农户的技术采用倾向有显著的正向作用,成本感知和收益风险感知则对其采用倾向有负向抑制作用。     

Examining the Effectiveness of Support for UK Wave Energy Innovation since 2000. Lost at Sea or a New Wave of Innovation?

Patients and carers now have unprecedented access to health information via specialist journals and the popular media, while the worldwide web has revolutionised public access to clinical information. Levels of patient demand for information about health have grown and there is evidence to suggest that patients wish to receive more information than is sometimes currently provided by clinicians. In secondary care, some specialisms have more readily adopted the use of information communication technologies (ICT) in clinician/patient communication than others. This paper focuses on clinicians' perceptions of client Internet use for psychiatric conditions and studies the influence this has had on the consultation process in the United Kingdom. The research method consisted of a postal questionnaire distributed to the members of the Women in Psychiatry Group on the register of the Royal College of Psychiatry. Telephone interviews were conducted, employing the critical incident method, as well as a brief additional questionnaire. The data show that psychiatrists who used the Internet discerned client usage more readily. Where the client sought to discuss information acquired electronically with the consultant this tended to extend the consultation period, but a number of psychiatrists reported a greater sense of partnership as a result. The paper explores consultant perceptions of client motivations for Internet use and the perceived advantages and disadvantages for both client and psychiatrist. Overall, the psychiatry profession appears to be following the lead of clients in the use of ICT. Policy recommendations are offered with respect to the provision of profession-validated information on the Internet and psychiatrists' training in IT.     

Use of widgets as information management tools in online shared spaces

Online shared spaces are destinations where people of common interests interact to achieve common goals or borrow each other's expertise for personal pursuits. Due to a multitude of users, such spaces generate large amounts of content, thus creating a potential for information overload. To deal with it, users of online shared spaces develop information management strategies that frequently involve the use of information technology. In this paper we present a case study of the use of widgets as information management tools in uCern, an online shared workspace where healthcare industry stakeholders get involved in various types of interactions. To understand how widgets served the purpose of information management and whether they were considered useful, we administered an online questionnaire (n = 183) followed by qualitative interviews (n = 5). Data analysis revealed that study participants used widgets as tools that promoted their situation and activity awareness of events and activities going on in uCern and helped them with organizing and accessing the content in a quick and efficient manner. We also describe issues associated with the use of widgets and their usefulness as reported by participants and propose implications for design and development of online shared spaces in relation to information management tools.     

信息通信技术普及中的民生风险感知转变

信息通信技术的普及应用产生了复杂的社会影响。基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,从多个维度构建民生风险感知指标,采用多元回归、固定效应模型以及工具变量法探究了公众的互联网使用行为与民生风险感知的关联性。研究结果表明:第一,信息通信技术的普及对公众民生风险感知的转变产生了深刻影响,互联网使用行为显著增强了个体的民生风险感知水平。第二,互联网对民生风险感知的强化效应在不同群体间存在程度上的差异,其强化效应在中高收入和中老年群体以及城镇地区更加明显。第三,在环境保护、医疗、教育和贫富差距等领域的民生风险感知转变过程中,互联网发挥的强化效应更为突出。     

Determinants of professionally autonomous end user acceptance in an enterprise resource planning system environment

To fully exploit the capabilities of complex technologies, businesses must deliberately foster technology acceptance by end users. This deliberate activity must recognize the complexity of factors that influence individuals’ perceptions, intentions, and usage of information technology. This study surveyed 66 professionally autonomous end users and gathered information on their perceptions related to several technology acceptance factors for a newly installed enterprise resource planning (ERP) system component. Study analyses focused on end user perceptions of ERP component usefulness, their intention to use the system, and self-reported usage of a system component. Valuable insights into the perceptions of professional end users toward a component of a complex technology were gained. Recommendations based upon the results of this study include: (a) clearly describe, early in the implementation process, an overall picture of the ERP system flow and visually show end users how the components they use “fit” into the whole system; (b) convert ERP-related “tech talk” to common end user language by either clear explanation of unique terms or associations of new terms to ones commonly understood by end users, and (c) provide adequate resources (financial, physical, human, etc.) to ensure that end users have access to timely support.     

Appeal to the head and heart: The persuasive effects of medical crowdfunding charitable appeals on willingness to donate

Medical crowdfunding helps low-income patients raise money for medical treatment and has grown tremendously in recent years. The most appropriate messaging strategy for writing charitable appeals to attract donations remains unclear. This study fills this gap by drawing on Aristotle's three modes of persuasion to explore factors affecting willingness to donate to medical crowdfunding projects from three aspects: logos, pathos, and ethos. This study adopted a multi-method approach by conducting two laboratory experiments (N = 125 and N = 123) and a field study (N = 1645). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Study 1 showed that high information quality (F = 9.774, p = 0.002) and gain frame (F = 8.620, p = 0.004) have positive effects on the trustworthiness of the project initiator (ethos), which in turn promoting potential donors’ willingness to donate (β = 0.339, p = 0.001). Study 2 confirmed the findings about information quality in Study 1, and further show that there was no significant difference between gain-first and gain-last frame on trustworthiness and willingness to donate (p > 0.05). Then, information quality is further detailed into three sub-dimensions in Study 3: text length, number of images, and number of health-related words. The results of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with robust standard error indicate that the text length (β = 0.350, p < 0.001) and number of images (β = 0.048, p < 0.001) positively influence donation behavior, but the opposite conclusion yields health-related words (β = -0.027, p < 0.01). This study provides theoretical insights into the role of medical crowdfunding charitable appeals by verifying the persuasion effects of rational, emotional, and credibility appeals. This study also contributes to persuasion theory by highlighting the role of emotional appeals and identifying the mediating impact of credibility appeals in the context of medical crowdfunding. This study also has important practical implications by guiding funders to write persuasive charity appeals that will attract the attention of potential donors.     

互联网广告用户调查及虚假广告信息治理研究

【目的/意义】互联网广告用户调查及虚假广告信息治理研究,不仅对互联网广告信息进一步治理和管理有 价值,而且对情报学研究工作中的网络虚假信息治理的研究也有意义。【方法/过程】调研和分析网络用户对互联网 广告的认知和态度,结合国内外互联网虚假广告治理的研究成果探讨互联网虚假广告信息产生的主要原因、提出 互联网虚假广告信息治理的相应措施建议。【结果/结论】本文认为需要从相关法规建设、网络信息管理以及互联网 用户与消费者三个视角加强对互联网虚假广告信息治理;要重视应用网络信息资源管理和相关智能识别技术方法 在互联网虚假广告以及互联网虚假信息鉴别、治理方面的应用研究。【创新/局限】丰富了用户和信息管理层面上关 于虚假广告信息治理的研究,但在具体实施层面尚未有实践检验,所提出的解决对策可能会在实施过程中存在一 定的难度。     

Image searching on the Excite Web search engine

A growing body of research is beginning to explore the information-seeking behavior of Web users. The vast majority of these studies have concentrated on the area of textual information retrieval (IR). Little research has examined how people search for non-textual information on the Internet, and few large-scale studies has investigated visual information-seeking behavior with general-purpose Web search engines. This study examined visual information needs as expressed in users’ Web image queries. The data set examined consisted of 1,025,908 sequential queries from 211,058 users of Excite, a major Internet search service. Twenty-eight terms were used to identify queries for both still and moving images, resulting in a subset of 33,149 image queries by 9855 users. We provide data on: (1) image queries – the number of queries and the number of search terms per user, (2) image search sessions – the number of queries per user, modifications made to subsequent queries in a session, and (3) image terms – their rank/frequency distribution and the most highly used search terms. On average, there were 3.36 image queries per user containing an average of 3.74 terms per query. Image queries contained a large number of unique terms. The most frequently occurring image related terms appeared less than 10% of the time, with most terms occurring only once. We contrast this to earlier work by P.G.B. Enser, Journal of Documentation 51 (2) (1995) 126–170, who examined written queries for pictorial information in a non-digital environment. Implications for the development of models for visual information retrieval, and for the design of Web search engines are discussed.     

Blockchain integration with the internet of things for the employee performance management

As time went on, technological progress inevitably altered our daily routines. Many new technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and cryptocurrency, offer revolutionary possibilities. To put it simply, the blockchain is a distributed, public, and auditable database that can be used to record financial transactions. The IoT, or “Internet of Things,” is a system of interconnected electronic devices that can communicate with one another and be remotely monitored and handled. This paper reviews the most recent findings in the field of blockchain and Internet of Things with the goal of examining blockchain as a possible answer to secure IoT data management within supply networks. There is a dearth of literature in the early stages of both blockchain and IoT study because they are such novel topics. The study's findings suggest that in order to improve their leadership quality to intentionally impact employee performance, industry managers should pay attention to human resource management indicators like collaboration, involvement, actualization, perception, and teamwork. This is primarily because of the inherent limitations of IoT devices and the distributed ledger architecture of the blockchain technology. There is potential for IoT to provide many advantages if blockchain capabilities can be optimized for it.     

Mobile application security: Role of perceived privacy as the predictor of security perceptions

Despite mobile applications being at the frontier of mobile computation technologies, security issues pose a threat to their adoption and diffusion. Recent studies suggest that security violations could be mitigated through improved security behaviors and attitudes, not just through better technologies. Existing literature on behavioral security suggests that one of the main predictors of users’ perceptions of security is their perceived privacy concerns. Using communication privacy management theory (CPM), this study examines the effects of privacy-related perceptions, such as privacy risk and the effectiveness of privacy policies, on the security perceptions of mobile app users. To empirically test the proposed theoretical model, two survey studies were conducted using mobile apps requesting less sensitive information (n = 487) and more sensitive information (n = 559). The findings show that the perceived privacy risk negatively influences the perceived security of the mobile apps; the perceived effectiveness of a privacy policy positively influences user perceptions of mobile app security; and perceived privacy awareness moderates the effect of perceived privacy risk on the perceived security of mobile apps. The results also suggest that users have different privacy-security perceptions based on the information sensitivity of the mobile apps. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

互联网开放式创新社区用户画像构建及用户创新需求识别

本文通过分析互联网开放式创新社区用户参与创新行为，采集用户知识共享的不同特征数据，构建用户画像，从而识别不同类别用户参与平台知识创新的功能和角色。此外，基于用户的异质性，分析不同用户群体的创新需求差异和需求点的分布。通过对小米社区的实证研究识别出了核心用户、积极创新用户、积极社交用户、潜在创意用户、边缘用户这5个类型用户并进行画像，同时从必备型需求、魅力型需求、期望型需求、沉默型需求这4个角度对不同类型用户的创新需求点进行分析，体现了不同类型用户的不同创新需求差异。通过用户画像构建以及用户创新需求识别，达到社区管理与用户之间的高匹配度及用户的创新需求与企业产品创新方向之间的一致性。     

A multi-level perspective of potential transition pathways towards cultured meat: Finnish and German political stakeholder perceptions

Cellular agriculture and its products, such as cultured meat, are suggested to have the potential to advance the sustainability of current food systems. Instead of engaging in current debates concerning the anticipated benefits and challenges of cellular agriculture, it is more useful to identify potential pathways leading to food system transitions. Our study aims to compare Finnish and German political stakeholders' (n = 25) perceptions concerning cultured meat and to analyse its potential transition pathways utilising the multi-level perspective (MLP). Data were collected via semi-structured theme interviews in early 2020. Results show that the participants acknowledge that landscape-level pressures, such as climate change or finite resources, are challenging current food systems. The food regime's position is perceived as somewhat uncertain. The current practices of livestock agriculture, strong food traditions and multiple interest groups' aspirations are anticipated to both hinder and advance a transition to cellular agriculture. On the niche innovation level, cultured meat was perceived as a promising yet technocratic solution. Cultured meat may be an option for continued meat consumption without feelings of guilt but with preconditions such as guaranteed safety, affordable prices and an authentic meat taste similar or better compared with conventionally produced meat. Our article concludes with three potential transition pathways for cellular agriculture. The “technocratic stagnation” pathway is characterised by perceived threats and stakeholder unwillingness to accept cultured meat. The “promising circumstances” pathway is emphasised by positive societal conditions for cultured meat development and stakeholders' incremental adaptation to it as an additional food product on the market. The “rapid advancement” pathway is characterised by technological breakthroughs and high acceptance of cultured meat, which could lead to radical changes in the current food system.     

The perceived moral qualities of web sites: implications for persuasion processes in human–computer interaction

This study extended the scope of previous findings in human–computer interaction research within the computers are social actors paradigm by showing that online users attribute perceptions of moral qualities to Websites and, further, that differential perceptions of morality affected the extent of persuasion. In an experiment (N = 138) that manipulated four morality conditions (universalist, relativist, egotistic, control) across worldview, a measured independent variable, users were asked to evaluate a Web site designed to aid them in making ethical decisions. Web sites offered four different types of ethical advice as participants contemplated cases involving ethical quandaries. Perceptions of the Web sites’ moral qualities varied depending on the type of advice given. Further, the Web sites’ perceived morality and participants’ worldview predicted credibility, persuasiveness, and attitudes toward the Web sites.     

互联网学术信息质量启发式评价中存在的问题分析

从用户的视角探讨互联网学术信息质量启发式评价中存在的问题。研究发现,图书馆等服务人员要加强互联网信息资源评价服务的宣传和覆盖率,并提高评价工具的可操作性。部分用户的评价能力欠缺影响启发式工具的使用效果,但大部分用户具备一定的评价Web学术信息质量的能力,许多高校学生在信息查寻行为中没有或很少使用启发式原则或标准的症结在于评价动机而不在于评价能力。