水稻颖壳异常发育突变体Oryza sativa extraordinary glume 1 (Oseg 1) 的遗传与基因初定位分析

A rice mutant with Yaponica 9522 cultivar background Oryza sativa extraordinary glume 1 （Oseg 1） was identified from the M2 mutant pool mutagenized by ^60Co γ-ray. Compared with wild type plants, Oseg 1 developed longer empty glumes and rudimentary glumes. In some Oseg 1 mutants, the number of stamens of flowers was reduced and leaf-like lodicules occurred, and excessive lemma/palea-like organ could be observed in some mutant spikelets. This indicated that OsEG1 could regulate the development of rudimentary glumes, empty glumes, lemma/palea, lodicules, and stamens. Genetic analysis indicated that Oseg 1 came from a single recessive genetic locus. To clone OsEG1 gene, F2 population was constructed by a cross between Oseg 1 （Japonica） and Guangluai4 （Indica）. Using map-based cloning approach, OsEG1 was mapped on chromosome 4, between INDEL marker OS407 and WHM0466 with genetic distance of 2.0 cm and 1.0 cm, respectively. These results are useful for further cloning and functional analysis of the OsEG1 gene.     

雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病关系的meta分析(英文)

研究目的:系统评价雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病的关系。创新要点:目前关于雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性(c.454-397TC)与冠心病的关系仍存在争议。因此本研究针对这一问题系统收集国内外符合纳入与排除标准的研究,通过meta分析,系统地评估雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病的关系。研究方法:针对研究问题系统检索国内外相关数据库,根据事先制定的纳入与排除标准及质量评价量表,筛选出符合标准的研究文献。利用STATA11.0和RevMan 5.2软件对纳入的21篇研究(包括9926病例和16710对照)进行定量分析。优势比(OR)值及95%置信区间(CI)用来衡量雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病的关系。重要结论:Meta分析结果提示,雌激素受体α基因ESR1 PvuII基因多态性与冠心病的关系在研究的整体人群中有重要意义。地区亚组分析显示,在亚洲人群中,雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病相关,然而这种相关性不存在于西方人群。     

免耕水稻的营养生理性状与谷产量(英文)

用早熟籼稻“陆青早1号”和中熟杂交稻“威优64”,直接播种于盛有2年免耕土壤的塑料盆(70×45×20cm)与常规耕作为对照,3次重复。试验结果表明,“威优64”和“陆青早1号”根吸收 ~(32)P和分配到各个生育期生长中心多,尤以抽穗期和成熟期分配到稻穗的量比对照的多。~(14)C —葡萄糖同化物从涂叶的输出率(％)、总氮和可溶性蛋白质含量、总糖和可溶性糖含量在各个生育期均比对照的高。免耕稻两个品种乳熟期和成熟期茎的干物重增重,由乳熟期至成熟期茎秆物质运转率高,成熟期茎鞘总糖向谷粒运转率也高,成熟期叶片、叶鞘和稻穗干物重比常规耕作的增重,茎秆比较轻,运转和给稻穗贡献率高,两个免耕稻种的谷粒产量结构比对照良好,第一次枝梗数,第二次枝梗数,每穗总粒,每穗充实粒,结实率,1000粒重,茎/秆比,经济系数比常规耕作的高,谷粒产量增加。本文还证明在免耕条件下杂交稻“威优64”植株性状和营养生理性状比“陆青早1号”良好,具有明显的杂种优势。     

开口圆柱壳的回传射线矩阵法精确自由振动分析(英文)

目的:开口圆柱壳作为板壳组合结构的组成部分被广泛应用于工程实践中。本文探讨开口圆柱壳结构参数(长度、半径、厚度和夹角等)和边界条件对其振动特性的影响,这对工程结构的减振设计具有重要意义。通过推导开口圆柱壳的解析解及其求解过程,建立加筋开口圆柱壳和板-壳耦合模型振动分析的理论基础。创新点:1.推导行波与驻波结合形式的解析解;2.建立回传射线矩阵法分析开口圆柱壳结构振动的流程;3.分析得到大模态数下开口圆柱壳固有频率随壳厚线性变化;直边简支时,曲边边界条件对固有频率影响不大。方法:1.基于Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov(DMV)薄壳理论,推导两对边简支的开口圆柱壳行波与驻波结合形式的解析解;2.基于回传射线矩阵法原理,推导出开口圆柱壳的固有频率方程;3.采用黄金分割法求解开口圆柱壳的固有频率方程,得到精确的固有频率;4.分析开口圆柱壳不同结构参数和边界条件对固有频率的影响。结论:1.回传射线矩阵法适用于开口圆柱壳的振动分析且具有很高的精度;2.开口圆柱壳的固有频率随其长度的增加而减小;3.对于绝大部分模态数,开口圆柱壳的固有频率随其半径的增加而减小;4.开口圆柱壳的固有频率随壳厚的增加而增加,当周向模态数n=1和2时,不同壳厚的开口圆柱壳固有频率相差很小,当周向模态数n≥7时,开口圆柱壳的固有频率随壳厚线性变化;5.对于绝大多数模态数,开口圆柱壳的固有频率随夹角的增大而快速减小;6.对于两曲边简支的开口圆柱壳,其固有频率从高到低对应两直边的边界条件为固支、简支和自由;7.对于两直边简支的开口圆柱壳,两曲边的边界条件对其固有频率的影响不大。     

基于时间序列分析的车载MEMS陀螺仪异常测量数据的辨识与修正(英文)

针对目前车载MEMS陀螺仪含有较多异常测量数据的情况,提出了一种基于时间序列分析的辨识和修正方法.根据MEMS陀螺仪测量数据的自相关函数和偏相关函数特征初步确定自回归移动平均(ARI-MA)模型,再引入AIC准则确定最优模型,并采用最小二乘估计法对模型参数进行估计.当此模型的有效性检验通过时,即用该模型对测量数据的变化趋势进行预测.当某个测量值与其预测值之差大于设定的阈值时,则判定此测量值为异常数据并用预测值进行修正.为了验证所提算法的效果,对MEMS陀螺仪测量的横摆角速度数据进行了实验.结果表明,所提方法可以有效地识别出车载MEMS陀螺仪的异常测量数据,并能进行合理的修正.     

水稻泛素缀合酶基因OsUbc13的分子特征和蛋白互作研究(英文)

研究目的:通过研究水稻泛素缀合酶基因OsUbc13的序列特征、表达模式、亚细胞定位模式及其互作分子,为深入研究该基因的生物学功能和分子作用机理奠定基础。创新要点:首次对植物Ubc13进行了亚细胞定位研究及蛋白互作研究。研究方法:通过序列比对及聚类分析进行OsUbc13的序列特征研究;通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)进行OsUbc13的表达模式分析;通过聚乙二醇(PEG)介导转化烟草BY-2原生质体进行OsUbc13亚细胞定位研究(见图4);通过酵母双杂交进行OsUbc13的蛋白质互作分析(见图5和表1)。重要结论:OsUbc13编码具有153个氨基酸的蛋白质,其推断的氨基酸序列与其它同源序列具有很高的相似性;该基因在水稻各组织中均有表达,其中内稃、雌蕊、雄蕊和叶片中的表达量较高,而根、茎和外稃中的表达量较低;低温、甲基磺酸甲酯(MMS)和过氧化氢(H2O2)胁迫处理使胚性愈伤中OsUbc13的表达量显著上调,甘露醇、脱落酸(ABA)和氯化钠(NaCl)胁迫则使愈伤组织中该基因的表达量降低;OsUbc13与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的融合蛋白表达于质膜和核膜处;酵母双杂交结果表明约有20个蛋白可能与OsUbc13存在相互作用,其中OsVDAC(与细胞凋亡有关)、OsMADS1(与花器官发育有关)、OsB22EL8(与活性氧清除及DNA保护有关)和OsCROC-1(为Lys63聚合泛素链形成及运行无误性DNA损伤耐受机制所必需)四个蛋白经验证确与OsUbc13互作。     

压实非饱和土的模量与含水率关系分析(英文)

为了客观可靠地评价实际工程中路基压实土的工程性能,在路基填筑设计时考虑了道路实际服务期内气候变化对路基压实土性能的影响. 鉴于含水率测试方法简单且应用广泛,直接采用含水率代替吸力寻求压实非饱和土模量和含水率之间的联系. 采用非饱和土三轴仪对不同初始压实含水率和经历干湿过程后不同含水率土样进行常含水率三轴试验,分析了含水率和围压等对土体模量的影响规律. 研究结果表明: 土体含水率的增加会引起非饱和压实土体模量的降低,且在试验含水率范围内非饱和压实土体模量随含水率呈指数规律变化; 土体模量随围压的增大而增加,但含水率对模量的影响较围压对模量的影响更为显著. 该研究可为服务期内非饱和压实路基土的性能变化评价提供参考.     

波浪形网架与下部结构的整体分析及设计(英文)

天津大学游泳馆屋顶采用波浪形网架结构 ,造型新颖、独特 ,很好地体现了建筑物的使用功能 .采用波浪形网架与下部钢筋混凝土框架相互作用的整体计算模型 ,对该网架进行了分析和设计 ,同时 ,对该类波浪形网架的抗震性能进行了研究 .     

基质金属蛋白酶-9 C1562T基因多态性与冠心病关系的meta分析(英文)

研究目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)C1562T基因多态性与冠心病之间的关系。创新要点:通过综合分析,明确了MMP-9 C1562T基因多态性与冠心病的发生存在种族差异性,解决了以往单个研究由于样本量偏少而得出不同结论的弊端。研究方法:利用meta分析可以扩大样本量的优势,分析了MMP-9 C1562T基因多态性与冠心病间的关系,且研究结论更为可靠。重要结论:MMP-9 C1562T基因多态性与冠心病的发生存在显著的种族差异性:在东亚人群中,MMP-9C1562T基因多态性与冠心病的发生密切相关;在西方人群及西亚人群中,MMP-9 C1562T基因多态性与冠心病的发生无显著相关性。     

A new genetic factor for root gravitropism in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Root gravitropism is one of the important factors to determine root architecture. To understand the mechanism un-derlying root gravitropism, we isolated a rice (Xiushui63) mutant defective in root gravitropism, designated as glsl. Vertical sections of root caps revealed that glsl mutant displayed normal distribution of amyloplast in the columella cells compared with the wild type. The glsl mutant was less sensitive to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) than the wild type. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of glsl mutant was caused by a single recessive mutation, which is mapped in a 255-kb region between RM16253 and CAPSI on the short arm of chromosome 4.     

Isolation and physiological characteristics of a premature senescence mutant in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice pse(t) (premature senescence, tentatively) mutant line, was isolated from 4500 independent T-DNA inserted transgenic lines. The symptoms of premature senescence appeared more severely than those of the control plants (Zhonghua 11,japonica) at the last development stage. To characterize the mutant and provide basic information on the candidate genes by mapping to a physical region of 220-kb, experiments were carried out in two phytotrons under controlled temperature of 24 ℃ and28 ℃, respectively. The content of chlorophyll, soluble protein and MDA (malondialdehyde), net photosynthesis, the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD (superoxide dismuase) (EC 1.15.1.1) and POD (peroxidase) (EC 1.11.1.7) and the peptidase activities of leaves were measured from top to bottom according to the leaf positions at the flowering stage. Compared with the control plant,the mutant showed the following characteristics: (1) Higher net photosynthesis rate (Pn) appeared in the 1 st and 2nd leaves, contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein were also higher in the 1 st leaf; (2) The activities of SOD, POD and peptidase were higher according to the leaf position from top to bottom; (3) The symptom of premature senescence was accelerated in the mutant at 28℃treatment. The MDA content and the SOD and POD activities between the 24 ℃ and 28 ℃ treatment mutants were not significantly different. Content of chlorophyll and soluble protein of leaves mutant decreased rapidly at 28 ℃ treatment. The results show that pse(t) is sensitive to high temperature. The probable function of PSE(T) is discussed.     

Isolation and physiological characteristics of a premature senescence mutant in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

INTRODUCTION Leaf senescence is a kind of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants that is highly controlled by a genetically programmed process involving degrada-tion of cellular structures, decline of photosynthesis massive generation of active oxygen species (AOS) and mobilization of nutrients (Nam, 1997; Lim et al.,2003). Many environmental factors have been shown to play a role in causing the photosynthetic decline to lead to premature senescence. Leaves exposed to ultraviolet radia…     

水稻RILs化感作用遗传模型分析

本研究以Lemont（弱化感）和Dular（强化感）水稻杂交产生的重组自交系（recombinent inbred lines,RILs）及其亲本为供体植物,并以稻田主要杂草稗草为受体植物,采用迟播共培法对群体及亲本化感作用进行测定及评价,应用主基因＋多基因分离分析法研究水稻化感作用的遗传体系。结果表明,水稻亲本化感抑草作用差异较大,对受体稗草的根长抑制率呈连续变异,体现出数量性状特征;水稻Lemont（弱化感）×Dular（强化感）组合的Rlhs群体化感作用遗传体系由两对连锁的主基因控制,主基因间的作用方式呈互补作用。进一步估计受体根长抑制率的遗传参数,结果表明,稗草根长抑制率的群体均值m=29．3908245,主基因加性效应与加性×加性上位性互作效应I^＊=7．0619195,主基因遗传率为49．36379％．     

Cloning and characterization of a glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator from Oryza sativa

Plastids of nongreen tissues import carbon as a source of biosynthetic pathways and energy, and glucose 6-phosphate is the preferred hexose phosphate taken up by nongreen plastids. A cDNA clone encoding glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator (GPT) was isolated from a cDNA library of immature seeds of rice and named as OsGPT. The cDNA has one uninterrupted open reading frame encoding a 42 kDa polypeptide possessing transit peptide consisting of 70 amino acid residues. The OsGPT gene maps on chromosome 8 of rice and is linked to the quantitative trait locus for 1000-grain weight. The expression of OsGPT is mainly restricted to heterotrophic tissues. These results suggest that glucose 6-phosphate imported via GPT can be used for starch biosynthesis in rice nongreen plastids.     

Cloning and characterization of a glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator from Oryza sativa

INTRODUCTIONNongreenplastidsofheterotrophictissuesarecarbohydrate importingorganellesand ,inthecaseofamyloplastsofstoragetissues,thesiteofstarchsynthesis.Investigationofwholetissuesfromavarietyofstarchsynthesizingcropplantsindicatedthathexoseunitswereimpo…     

Molecular characterization of a defense-related AMP-binding protein gene, OsBIABP1, from rice

We cloned and characterized a rice gene OsBIABPI encoding an AMP-binding protein. The full-length cDNA of OsBIABP1 is 1912-bp long and is predicted to encode a 558-aa protein. OsBIABP1 contains a typical AMP-binding signature motif and shows high similarity to members of AMP-binding protein family. OsBIABP1 is expressed in stems, leaves and flowers of rice plants, but is not expressed, or expressed at a very low level, in rice roots. The expression of OsBIABP1 was induced by some defense-related signal molecules, e.g., salicylic acid (SA), benzothiadiazole, jasmonic acid (JA), and 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which mediate SA-and JA/ethylene (ET)-dependent defense signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of OsBIABP1 is activated by the infection of Magnaporthe oryzae, and the induced expression is quicker and stronger during early stages of pathogenesis in incompatible interaction than that in compatible interaction between rice and M. oryzae. Our results suggest that OsBIABP1 may be a defense-related AMP-binding protein that is involved in the regulation of defense re-sponse through SA and/or JA/ET signaling pathways.     

水杨酸对NaCl胁迫下水稻(Oryza Saliva L.)幼苗生理活性的影响

用0．2％水杨酸处理1．2％NaCl胁迫下水稻种子，测定其以下几个生理指标，种子的发芽率，发芽势和幼苗中的酯酶，过氧化氢酶以及抗坏血酸的含量，实验结果显示：外源性水杨酸能够相对提高NaCl胁迫下水稻种子萌发后幼苗的过氧化物酶活性和抗坏血酸的含量，同时也能提高水稻种子的发芽率，发芽势，但对酯酶活性影响不大，研究表明水杨酸能提高水稻种子萌发后幼苗的抗盐性，并使水稻种子出苗整齐，一致。     

Characterization of enhancer trap and gene trap harboring Ac/Ds transposon in transgenic rice

INTRODUCTIONAfterthewholericegenomewassequencedsuccessfully,moreandmoregenescanbepredictedwithdifferentsoftwaresandannotationsystem.However,thefunctionsofpredictedgeneshavetobefurtheridentifiedbybiologicalanalysis.Oneofthemostpowerfulmethodsassigningfunctiontogeneisthroughinsertionmutagenesiswithtrans-posableelementasDNAsequencetag.Ac/Dstrans-posonsystemhasbecomeaverypopulartoolforgenetaggingandfunctionalgenomicsinvariousplantspecies(Altmannetal.,1995;Chinetal.,1999;Enokietal.,1999;Gre…