中国乌头属药用植物比较解剖学的研究

本文对中国乌头属Aconitum三亚属53种及变种的药用植物进行了比较解剖学的研究。纳出该属植物根部组织构造的6大类型和18种亚型，找出了鉴定乌头类药材的解剖学特征。并结合植物分类学。化学分类学、细胞染色体和毒性，探讨了该属组织构造与植物系统演化之间的相关性。结果表明根部具有较进化的I型和II型构造的植物，含毒性很大的双酯型生物碱，主要存在于乌头亚属乌头组3，5-11系中；较原始的Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型及少数小根类Ⅱ型构造的植物，含毒性较小的阿替生和胺醇类生物碱，主要存在于露蕊乌头亚属和乌头亚属乌头组1—2系；更原始的V型和Ⅵ型构造的植物，含毒性更小的牛扁碱型生物碱，主要存在于牛扁亚属中。本文还从解剖学的角度对乌头属下等级的系统位置作了讨沦。     

西藏锦鸡儿属药用植物资源调查

目的通过调查,掌握西藏自治区锦鸡儿属药用植物种类、分布、药用功效等情况,为该属药用植物的进一步研究提供科学依据。方法野外调查、标本采集与鉴定、标本查阅、文献检索。结果西藏自治区锦鸡儿属药用植物有15种(含种以下单位),占西藏自治区虎耳草属种类的25.7%.结论西藏自治区的虎耳草属药用植物品种多,资源较丰富,但仅有5种具有法定的药材标准,急需运用化学、药理的手段和方法开展虎耳草属药用植物的基础研究。     

五种五味子属药用植物及东紫苏的化学成分和生物活性研究

对五种五味子属(Schisandra)药用植物（小花五味子Schisandra micrantha,狭叶五味子S. lancifolia,滇翼梗五味子S. henryi var. yunnanensis var. yunnanensis,复瓣黄龙藤S. Plena,华中五味子S. sphenanthera）和唇形科植物东紫苏 (Elsholtzia bodinieri) 的化学成分进行了研究,从中共分离鉴定了101个化合物,26个为新化合物。首次从3种五味子属植物中发现了3种高度氧化的新奇骨架类型。此外,还发现了18,19-seco-乌索酸型苷和17,20断裂并失去17位侧链的羊毛甾烷型和环阿尔廷型八降三萜等新的骨架类型。 对分离得到的部分化合物进行了体外抗HIV-1、急毒、抗炎和抗肿瘤活性实验,发现部分化合物具有抗HIV-1活性。其中化合物SM-10和SM-26具有显著的抑制HIV-1病毒活性,选择指数分别为174.08和 >25.04。且毒性较小,作为作用于病毒与细胞结合和融合靶点的小分子化合物具有重要的意义。     

药用植物绞股蓝的研究新进展

本文论述了药用植物绞股蓝的生物学特性、生态适应性、种质资源研究、药用成分研究、药理作用研究、栽培、开发利用及保护现状。     

苍术药用研究进展

本文对苍术的性状、化学成分、药理作用以及炮制历史沿革及方法等方面进行综述。     

青藏高原药用植物化学成分研究

主要研究了青藏高原特有的或重要的药用植物的化学成分。     

药用植物

在制药业兴起之前,植物是主要的药物来源,植物学是医学专业学生的必修课之一。有关医药植物的权威资料是佩达纽斯·迪奥斯科里斯所著的《药物学》,他是罗马军队的军医。迪奥斯科里斯的著作吸取并发扬了古代的药物治疗知识,他在书中对所发现的植物进行了详细的记录,包括它们的产     

药用植物的丛枝菌根接种方法研究

本文借鉴菌根技术在农林业研究方面的研究成果,对丛枝菌根真菌在药用植物种植研究中的繁殖技术进行了分类总结。主要从药用植物AM真菌的培养方法及培养基质、不同孢子表面灭菌方法对侵染的影响、不同菌剂和寄主植物对侵染效果的影响、pH值对AM真菌侵染的影响、促生根细菌对AM真菌侵染效果的影响、信号物质对药用植物AM真菌培养的影响几个方面进行论述。结果发现丛枝菌根的影响因素复杂,寄主植物的种类、菌剂的种类、培养方法和条件等因素都对菌根孢子萌发和侵染有显著影响。结合药用植物的特殊性和研究实例,提出了中药植物接种丛枝真菌应综合考虑：药用植物接种菌根的目的、药用植物的生长特性、接种剂的特性、药用植物与菌根真菌的相互影响等因素,并在此基础上选择适当的方法和条件进行药用植物的接种实验。     

关于苍术植物的学名问题

This paper is the documentation of specimens and literature reffered to Atracty- lodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. etc. As a result, it is found that, in taxonomy of the genus Atractylodes, what represcents by four long-established names, i. e. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., A. ovata (Thunb.) DC., A. chinensis (Bunge) Koidz. and A. lyrata Sieb. et Zucc., in fact, is the one and same species.  According to the law of priority in nomenclature, the first name should be given to Chinese drug “Cangzhu”, while theother three names have to be treated as its synonyms.     

兰科槽舌兰属的研究

   The present paper is an attempt to make a taxonomic study of the little known orchid genus Holcoglossum, as well as a comparison of the genus with its allies, such as Vanda, Papilionanthe, Ascolabium, Ascocentrum, Aěrides, Neofinetia and Saccola- bium.      Holcoglossum was established by Schlechter in 1919 (Orchideologiae Sino-Japoni- cae Prodromus) as a monotypic genus, based upon Saccolabium quasipinifolium Hayata. Five years later he published another true Holcoglossum as Aěrides flavescens, which was referred by Tang et Wang to Saccolabium in 1951.  Further investigation of this genus was by Garay in 1972 who added two species, H. kimballiana and V. rupestris (synonymy of Aěrides flavescens), but considered Neofinetia, a quite different taxon, to be congeneric.  It is shown that the demarcation of Holcoglossum remains cofused. During the course of our study, the species of Holcoglossum and its allied genera are carefully examined, we come to the conclusion that Ho lcoglossum is a distinct genus. It is characterized by the short stem; fleshy terete or subterete, sulcate above leaves, with their apex acute and non-lobed; thickening or keeled costa on the back of sepals, 3-lobed lip, with erect sidelobes, paralled to the column; slender and recurved spur; footless column usually with prominent wings; 2 notched pollinia attached to linear stipe which is tapered toward the base.  In addition to Ascolabium, it differs from Vanda, Papilionanthe, Ascocentrum, Aěrides, Neofinetia and Saccolabium by its terete or subterete leaves on their ventral side with a furrow, from Papilionanthe by lacking footless column, from Ascolabium by sepals and spur characters, from Ascocentrum by slender and recurred spur, from Aěrides by the absence of a column-foot and the appearance of spur, from Neofinetia by stipe tapered toward the base, from Saccolabi-um by both aspects of the vegetative organs and the flowers.     

葡萄属植物花粉形态的研究

 利用扫描电子显微镜对葡萄属Vitis L．37个类群(包括32种、1亚种和4变种)以及其近缘属麝香 葡萄属Muscadinia(Planch．)Small一种植物的花粉进行了观察,结果表明,葡萄属植物的花粉形态特征 在区别并鉴定属下的种类时有较大价值,但对种以上的分类以及研究系统演化无多大意义。葡萄属植 物的花粉形态特征可以分为4类：(1)花粉粒扁球形或圆球形(P/E值为O.97-1.08),沟较宽,可见被有 较密颗粒状突起的沟膜,属于该类的有紫葛V．coignetiae Pull．ex Planch．;(2)花粉粒长球形至近长圆球 形(P/E值为1.25～1.76),沟较宽,可见有较疏颗粒状突起的沟膜,该类型包括了庐山葡萄V．hui Cheng 等共10种1亚种3变种;(3)花粉粒长圆球形(P/E值为1.87～2.1),沟边缘紧靠合呈直线状,但在赤道 轴萌发孔处沟边缘分开呈菱形,该类型有秋葡萄V．romanetii Roman du Caill．ex Planch．和锈毛刺葡萄V． davidii(Roman du Caill．)Foex．var．ferruginea Merr．et Chun等1种1变种;(4)花粉粒长球形或超长球形 (P/E值为1.30～2.0),沟边缘紧靠成直线状,麝香葡萄Muscadinia rotundifolia(Michx .)Small等21种的花粉属于此类型。     

女蒿属的分类研究

 The present paper is an attempt to propose a preliminary taxomomic treatment of the genus Hippolytia Poljak. and to analyse the geographical distribution of its com- posite elements.      This small genus with 17 species is divided  into  2  sections,  namely,  section Anthodesma Shih and section Hippolytia. Anthodesma is a small section with 3 species and is characterized by fascicled corymbs, campanulate and nitid involucres, rigidly herbaceous phyllaries, and undershrubs, while Hippolytia consisting of 14 species is characterized by corymbose inflorescence or glomerules or compund heads, cuneate and unpolished involucres, herbaceous phyllaries with pitch black margines.      There are 12 species of Hippolytia in China, of which 3 are proposed as new in the present paper.      Regarding the distribution pattern of Hippolytia, it is noteworthy to note that its range of distribution forms a more or less U-shape as shown in map 2. It may be seen that Hippolytia distributes in Central Asia-Sino-Himalaya-Median Asia. Section Antho- desma Shih occurs in central Asia, while section Hippolytia in the whole Himalayan region and northern Meridional Ranges and Median Asia.      There seems to be no center of species concentration within the total range of Hippolytia, whose species are localized in distribution, for example, H. desmantha Shih is known only from Qinghai provence (Yu-Shu-Hsien), H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih is restricted to Ninghsia and central part of Kansu provence.  It is interesting to note that H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih and H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih are referred to as vicarious species.  The localization of the  species  distribution  and  the  obvious discontinuity of morphological characters between species indicate a remarkable geogra- phical influence on the species formation of Hippolytia.       Hippolytia is an alpine genus of temperate zone of Asia, in which 64 per cent of species occurs at high elevations of above 3300m. altitude, 30 per cent of species are distributed in middle elevations of above 2200m. altitude.  The life forms are micro- undershrubs, erect perennial herbs, glomerule stemless herbs or stemless herbs. It is very possible that its geographical origin and development may be linked up with occurance of desert steppe, especially of alpine meadow vegetations in the northern temperate zone of Asia.      With regard to the geographical elements to which each species of Hippolytia belongs, it seems to indicate that H. trifida (Turcz.) Poljak., H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih and H. desmantha Shih belong to the geographical elements of central Asia, while H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih, H. glomerata Shih, H. tomentosa (DC.) Tzvel., H. senecionis (Bess.) Poljak. H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih, H. kennedayi (Dunn) Ling, H. syncalathiformis Shih, H. gossypina (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Shih and H. nana (C. B. Clarke) Shih to Himalayan elements, and H. darvasica (C. Winkl.) Poljak., H. megacephala (Rupr.) Poljak,, H. herderi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Poljak. to Median Asia, H. delavayi (W. W. Smith) Shih to North-West-Yunna.       

国产石杉科，石松科药用植物的分类、分布和药用价值

 The family Lycopodiaceae and Huperzi aceae includes 400 species  in the world. They are widely distributed in the tropics temperate and frigid zones.  In China there are about 60 species widely distributed in the southern and northern provinces.  The plants contain quinolizidine alkaloids.  The physiological activity of them is strong enough for medicinal use.      The paper describes the medicinal plants  of  the  family  Lycopodiacea'e  and Huperziaceae in China including their taxonomy, distribution and medicinal value.  A key to 12 species of the plants is offered. T he main references are cited after every species.  The distribution of species is based on specimens identified.  The chemical constituents and the scope of pharmacological action in clinical use as well as the effectin folk use also mentioned.     

中国粉背蕨属的研究

 As a genus, Aleuritopteris was first founded by Fée upon Pteris farinosa Forsk. in 1852.  The genus had been ever since, however, practically forgotten, because it did not receive a general recognition among the fern students, who considered it either as Cheilanthes (Baker. 1897, Diels, 1900, C. Christensen 1905), or placed it in Pellaea (Hooker. 1858, Hope et Wright 1903).  Ching  (1941)  first reinstated the status of Aleuritopteris and later followed by Copeland  (1947), Panigrahi  (1961,  1962.) and Pichi-Sermolli (1975).  In recent years, however, some pteridologists (Nayar, 1962, K. Iwatsuki and others) are still against it as a distinct genus.      Our recent study of the rich material on hand has shown Aleuritopteris to be a distinct genus, according to both the morphological characteristics and geographical dist- ribution.  We further propose the possibly evolutionary relationships of Aleuritopteris with other related genera of the Cheilanthoid ferns, as indicated by the above scheme.      The genus is now represcented by a little more than 30 species, of which 25 areknown in China, among which 8 species and 3 varieties are diescribed for the first time.     

三尖杉属植物的生物碱研究及其化学分类问题

本文根据近年对于三尖杉属植物的生物碱化学研究,并联系到有关本属的其他化学成分、形态解剖、分类、化石和地理分布等资料,讨论了本属植物的分类学问题。