参与式教师培训效果的评价研究

参与式教师培训是当前国际上普遍认可的教师培训模式,自2001年我国启动新一轮基础教育课程改革以来,也运用该模式开展了大规模的教师培训。本研究对2所小学54名教师进行了以“合作学习”为主题的参与式教师培训并评价了培训效果,结果表明:(1)培训提高了教师对合作学习有关知识的掌握水平;(2)教师组织合作学习的教学行为有了显著的改善;(3)教师对培训的整体感受比较好,乐于在教学中尝试运用培训中学到方法、理念等。     

教师参与课程发展:权与责

基础教育课程改革的新理念使教师参与课程发展有了新的变化，本文论述了在课程发展中教师权力享的有必然性，分析了教师参与整个课程发展过程使权力的途径：即参与课程设计和决策、课程实施以及课程评价，从而指出教师参与课程发展权力与职责的一致性。     

Student Achievement and School and Teacher Accountability

This article is part of a set of papers generated from a keynote presentation by Dr. Jack Frymier at the 1997 CREATE annual meeting. Dr. Frymier dealt with several reasons, that, as he saw it, invalidate the use of student achievement data in teacher accountability systems. This article first notes problems with Dr. Frymier's conception of accountability. Next, it summarizes some of the recent evidence showing the strong connection between school and teacher effectiveness measures and student achievement. It then notes some of the benefits of school and teacher effectiveness measures external to their function as measures of performance. Next, policy issues arising from the use of student data and the associated research are considered. Finally, it concludes with some cautions about using effectiveness measures in teacher accountability systems.     

美国教师教育问责制的两次转型

20世纪90年代以后,问责制逐步在美国的教师教育中开展起来,这为教师培养的质量提供了保障。到目前为止,美国教师教育问责制先后经历了三种表现形态:基于审核或认证标准的教师教育、未来教师在教师执照考试中的表现、未来教师对儿童学术成就的影响。从这三种形态中可以清晰地看出其两次转型:从输入到输出、从教师到儿童。     

由问责走向合作：美国中小学教师评价PAR模式研究

美国教师同行协助与审查(PAR)模式在美国教师同行评价实践中最具代表性,该模式将同行审查与同行协助两种功能整合在一起,兼具形成性评价和总结性评价的功能。PAR模式由同行协助审查小组负责实施,对不同类型教师的教学程序、课堂管理、学科知识和专业责任等内容开展常态化评价。PAR模式在促进教师专业教学文化、改善各方关系和促进优秀教师留任等方面具有突出优点,对我国中小学教师评价具有很好的借鉴意义。     

大学学术不端行为问责的实证研究

通过问卷调查法、访谈调查法、制度文本分析法及德尔菲专家问卷法调查全国15所有具有代表性的高校实施学术不端行为问责的情况。结果发现:大学学术不端行为问责存在问责主体职责未得到确证,问责客体间的连带责任追究不详,问责目标尚存错位,责任追究模糊、方式单一,问责程序尚不健全等问题。在全面推进依法治学、深化学术治理的关键期,健全大学学术不端行为问责主客体体系,明晰大学学术不端行为问责目标,厘清大学学术不端行为问责程序以及划清大学学术不端行为问责责任类型,将成为提升大学学术不端行为问责效力的可靠保证。     

Student Progress in Learning: Teacher Responsibility, Accountability, and Reality

Educator accountability for student progress in learning goes hand-in-hand with the social contract that assigns responsibility for education to schools. From this perspective accountability rests most heavily with teachers, since they are the most directly responsible for learning, but it extends to specialists, school administrators, and school board members as well. To accommodate the realities of classrooms, schools, families, and communities, however, the caveat is added that teacher accountability needs to be thought of as both conditional and collective. The implications of this view are discussed for teacher work, teaching as a profession, and the meaning of reasonable and defensible standards of performance when addressing the issue of educator accountability for student learning. Illustrative criteria of accountability are proposed, which the author believes to represent a realistic balance between the ethical obligations of a profession, the dependence of citizenry on these obligations being met, and the hard realities encountered in attempting to meet them.     

Quality Assurance and Accountability in Teacher Education: the Australian agenda?

The restructuring of formal education in Australia continues apace. Driven by economic rationalism and reflecting the language, practices and strategies of management in business and industry, this restructuring, we are assured, is going to result in high‐quality education and teacher accountability. In our view, this rhetoric of quality assurance and accountability is being used to mask a deep and fundamental shift in both the focus of education to be provided in Australia and the roles of teachers and teacher educators. To lift this mask and expose the nature of this shift requires an examination of the context in which this restructuring is occurring, the use of the term ‘quality assurance’ and education in relation to government actions.     

英国绩效管理教师评价制度: 内容、特点与启示

有效的教师评价是提高教育教学质量、促进教师成长和学生发展的重要手段,英国的绩效管理教师评价制度极大地调动了中小学教师的积极性和参与热情,取得了显著成效.借鉴和吸取英国绩效管理教师评价制度的成功经验,对推进当前我国基础教育课程改革,实现教师管理的科学化,具有重要的现实意义.     

Teacher Scaffolding in Small-Group Work: An Intervention Study

Adapting support contingently to student needs by first diagnosing their current understanding, that is, scaffolding, is considered a key aspect of excellent teaching. The use of classroom scaffolding is rare, however. We therefore investigated the benefits to teachers of a professional development program that was based upon a model of contingent teaching (MCT) with the following 4 steps: diagnostic strategies, checking of diagnoses, giving contingent support, and checking of student learning. In our experimental study, 17 of 30 teachers participated in this program. All of the teachers (prevocational education; teaching social studies) taught the same 5-lesson project on the European Union. The frequency and quality of their use of the 4 steps from the MCT were then compared. The teachers who worked with the MCT increased their teaching quality more than the teachers who did not participate, especially with regard to the steps of contingent teaching. They also showed more complete cycles of contingent teaching at postmeasurement than the other teachers. Less successful teachers showed a tendency to provide less support because they mistakenly thought that prompting was not part of scaffolding. Future scaffolding research and professional development efforts aimed at promoting scaffolding can benefit from the MCT, provided that teachers’ understanding of scaffolding is closely monitored.