社会工作介入精神康复领域的必要性分析——基于生态系统理论

目前我国精神疾病防治康复工作主要集中在精神疾病患者的药物生理治疗和管理方面,通过在R医院的参与观察和对相关人员的深入访谈,发现这样的治疗和管理方式存在着一定的弊端。而近年来社会工作专业蓬勃发展,精神疾病的防治康复也成为社会工作关心的重要领域,社会工作介入精神康复领域具有必要性和可行性。     

昆明市“城市边缘人”身份的资源利用研究

2008年5月至7月对昆明市200个流动人口子女进行了问卷调查,并对其中的部分孩子、家长、老师和民办教育行政官员进行了个案深度访谈。调查访谈研究结果显示,“城市边缘人”身份给流动人口子女带来了三种资源：第一种是农民身份的资源,第二种是政府赋予的新资源,第三种是流动人口子女拥有的体制外资源。“城市边缘人”身份实际能够给他们提供的资源是不充分的。     

农民工城居子女的义务教育问题浅析——以泉州市泉港区为例

近年来,农民工城居子女的义务教育问题越来越受到人们的关注。泉港作为一个新兴的石化小城,同样面临着农民工子女的义务教育问题,论文从访谈调查入手,分析泉港农民工子女义务教育的现状、成因并提出建议。     

流动人口家庭环境对子女道德认知发展影响的实证研究

本研究通过问卷调查以及访谈等形式,对比研究了广州市流动人子女与常住居民子女的道德认知水平与家庭环境,探讨了家庭环境诸变量影响流动人口子女道德认知发展的机制。结果表明,家庭社会经济地位直接影响且通过亲子关系、父母教养方式、父母期望等变量为中介而间接影响儿童道德认知发展。     

在互动中适应在融合中成长——外来农民工子女在上海学校适应问题研究

本研究通过问卷调查和访谈对外来农民工子女在上海公办学校和民工子女学校的适应情况进行了分析.分析表明,与民工子女学校的学生相比,就读于上海公办学校的外来农民工子女能够更好地与学校和社会相适应,他们在上海公办学校中得到了教师和同学的充分接纳.在此基础上.本研究指出上海公办学校应在条件许可的情况下接纳更多的外来农民工子女;融合教育是促进外来农民工子女社会适应的有效途径.     

青少年精神分裂症患者的亲子沟通和亲子冲突研究

本研究以云南Y医院精神科7名年龄从12岁到21岁之间的住院青少年精神分裂症患者为研究对象,用质的研究方法对其进行深度访谈,探讨青少年精神分裂症患者的亲子沟通和亲子冲突状况。以此分析和探讨青少年精神分裂症患者的亲子沟通和亲子冲突形成的原因,尝试从社会工作的视角提出预防和治疗青少年精神疾病的相应建议。     

流动人口家庭环境对子女道德认知发展影响的实证研究

本研究通过问卷调查以及访谈等形式,对比研究了广州市流动人子女与常住居民子女的道德认知水平与家庭环境,探讨了家庭环境诸变量影响流动人口子女道德认知发展的机制.结果表明,家庭社会经济地位直接影响且通过亲子关系、父母教养方式、父母期望等变量为中介而间接影响儿童道德认知发展.     

高校工作者子女英语学习及策略调查研究

国外许多学者对家庭环境和学习的关系进行了大量的探讨与研究,对此国内却鲜有论证.本文重点调查高校教职工子女的课内外英语学习情况.以115名曲阜师范大学教职工子女为对象,以调查问卷和访谈为研究方法,着重调查了高校教职工子女对课堂教学效果的反应、采用的学习策略及来自家长的影响等.结果发现职工家庭子女在学习策略的使用上总体落后其他家庭.     

基于融合视角的农民工随迁子女家庭教育研究

家庭教育是促进农民工随迁子女融入城市的重要因素。通过对农民工聚居地的问卷和访谈调查发现,农民工随迁子女在家庭教育总量、学习环境、教养行为和亲子关系方面存在明显不足。研究分析影响农民工随迁子女家庭教育的因素,从政府、家庭、学校、社会层面提出构建农民工随迁子女融合家庭教育的服务体系。     

拉萨市流动人口随迁子女教育现状及问题研究

中国城市化进程的不断推动导致了大量流动人口的产生,他们的随迁子女面临诸多教育问题。通过问卷调查及深度访谈等方法获得拉萨市流动人口随迁子女教育的基本信息,发现拉萨市流动人口随迁子女在学校教育、家庭教育和心理健康方面都不同程度存在一些问题。     

“荧惑说”与“童子之情”——从童谣的历史变迁透析传统儿童观和儿童教育观

传统社会视儿童为“小大人”或成人的附庸,这种儿童观深刻影响了童谣与儿童的关系。童谣自诞生之日起即与政治生活缠杂不清,远离儿童。王阳明提出儿童教育当顺应“童子之情”后,童谣才见转折,开始贴近儿童和儿童生活。清末时,在“西学东渐”浪潮的冲击下,传统儿童教育踏入近代的门槛。而就在这一时期,涌现出了大量真正意义上的童谣集。故此,童谣发展的历史恰好清晰地反映了传统儿童观和儿童教育观变化的历史。     

解构与建构:走向“独立”的儿童身体观

儿童身体观是社会大众对儿童身体的总体认知。儿童身体观直接影响儿童身体地位,作用于儿童身体锻炼方法与过程。通过解构儿童身体观,分析儿童身体与儿童、教育、社会三者的关系,批判目前儿童身心二元论的身体观,并且以现象学为切入点,重新建构儿童独立身体观。儿童身体是儿童存在于世界上的基本形式,应树立以下三方面独立儿童观:一是儿童身体是“流动的身体”,身体锻炼需全面化;二是儿童身体是“发展的身体”,儿童身体研究需科学化;三是儿童身体是“在场的身体”,儿童游戏活动情境设计需自然化。     

A comparative study of children's attitudes towards deaf children,children in wheelchairs and blind children in Greece and in the UK

This comparative study explores the attitudes of children towards deaf children, children in wheelchairs and blind children in Greece and in the UK. A total of 463 children participated in this study, with 229 children from Greece and 234 children from the UK, in the fifth and sixth grades in primary schools. The views of the children were elicited with the use of an attitude scale. The roles of prior contact and current contact were examined. Results indicated that all children were positive towards the three categories of children and that girls were more positive than boys. Comparative findings showed that children's attitudes in the two countries differed in several ways. Children in Greece were more positive than children in the UK. However, children attending schools with special education units in Greece held more negative attitudes than children attending schools with special education units in the UK. Also, children in Greece who had prior contact with deaf children were less favourable towards deaf children compared with children in the UK. Furthermore, the results indicated that children held positive attitudes at a superficial level, expressing mostly social and emotional concern, and not a willingness to interact with these children. The findings stimulate a discussion regarding the impact of sociocultural characteristics upon children's attitudes towards children with special educational needs.     

现代玩具对儿童游戏自由的束缚及破解措施

游戏和玩具在儿童生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,但现代儿童玩具对儿童的自由游戏产生了种种束缚:限制了儿童游戏的场所,剥夺了儿童想象的空间与自由,过于注重“教育性”对“游戏性”有所削弱,使得儿童游戏产生孤独化趋向。要走出这些束缚就需要:引导儿童游戏回归自然,鼓励儿童自主找寻和制作玩具,玩具设计要体现多元化的功能与价值,把玩具作为情感交流的桥梁。     

Similarities in the social competencies of learning disabled and low achieving elementary school children.

This study sought to examine distinctions in social competencies between children with learning disabilities (LD) and other children who also experience academic difficulties. Eighty-five children with LD (54 male, 31 female) in Grades 3 through 6 from a large urban school district were compared to a group of low achieving (LA) peers matched on achievement as well as sex, race, and grade. The samples were 42% black, 39% Hispanic, and 19% Anglo. Both groups completed two self-concept questionnaires, a loneliness scale, and a measure of their social relationships outside of school. In addition, their classmates completed a peer rating scale and their teachers completed two ratings of the child's social skills. The results indicated that children with LD and LA children were comparable on most measures, although children with LD reported themselves as being less lonely than LA children. In addition, regular-class children rated children with LD as more likable than LA children. The results highlight similarities in the social competencies of children with LD and LA children and suggest that special education classes may offer some social advantages to children with mild handicaps.     

梁启超儿童教育思想初探

梁启超是中国近代最早关注和重视儿童教育的教育家之一。他通过对比中西方儿童教育，揭露和批判了中国落后的封建儿童教育，并提出了普及小学义务教育、改革儿童教育课程与方法、贯穿趣味教育观念、发展师范教育和女子教育以促进儿童教育等一系列发展中国近代儿童教育的主张。梁启超的儿童教育思想不仅推动了中国近代儿童教育的改革和发展，对于我们当前的儿童教育改革也有一定的启示。     

Linguistic Diversity and the Development of Reading Skills: A Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the same component processes are involved in reading acquisition for children with varying levels of proficiency in English in kindergarten and the first grade. The performance of 858 children was examined on tasks assessing basic literacy skills, phonological processing, verbal memory, and syntactic awareness. There were 727 children who were native English speakers (NS children) and 131 children who spoke English as a second language (ESL children). Although ESL children performed more poorly than NS children on most measures of phonological and linguistic processing in kindergarten and first grade, the acquisition of basic literacy skills for children from both language groups developed in a similar manner. Furthermore, alphabetic knowledge and phonological processing were important contributors to early reading skill for children from both language groups. Therefore, children learning English may acquire literacy skills in English in a similar manner to NS children, although their alphabetic knowledge may precede and facilitate the acquisition of phonological awareness in English.     

Hearing mothers and oral deaf children: an atypical relational context for theory of mind

The study assessed Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities in a group of oral deaf children and in their hearing mothers using a battery of ToM tasks. It also investigated the connection between mother and child in ToM performance. Participants were: 17 oral deaf children (aged 5 to 14 years) were paired by gender, age, and mental age with 17 hearing children; 17 hearing mothers of deaf children and 17 hearing mothers of hearing children. Compared to the hearing children, the deaf children faced difficulties in all ToM tests, and the hearing mothers of the deaf children were less capable than the mothers of the hearing children in all the ToM tests. Further, a specific ToM interaction model was found between the hearing mothers and the deaf children. The results confirmed ToM poor performance faced by the oral deaf children, showed the ToM level of hearing mothers of deaf children, and the ToM style of hearing mothers–deaf children dyads. Also, findings underline some educational implications related to the socio-relational origin of the ToM deficit in oral deaf children.     

Social Interactions and Peer Perceptions of Young Physically Abused Children

14 3-6-year-old children with a history of physical abuse and a closely matched comparison group of 14 nonabused children, all of whom had been in day-care for more than a year, participated in this investigation. Behavior observations, teacher reports, and peer sociometric ratings were used to evaluate children's peer interactions. It was found that abused children initiated fewer positive interactions with peers and exhibited a higher proportion of negative behavior than nonabused comparison children. Peers viewed abused children as less well liked. Further, peers were less likely to reciprocate the initiations of abused children, although they approached abused children as often as they approached comparison children. Teachers viewed abused children as more behaviorally disturbed. Overall, results indicated that abused children experience disturbed social interactions outside the home environment, despite involvement in a day-care setting that provides alternative peer and adult role models.     

Young children’s photographs of measurement in the home

This article explores the use of children’s photography as a method for conducting mathematics education research with young children. Collected as part of a study focusing on the experiences with measurement children have at the start of schooling, the photographs presented here were taken by children aged five and six years, from two Australian primary schools. The children took a digital camera home and were asked to photograph things that they considered to be related to measurement. While the intended use of the photographs was to provide insight into the types of experiences children have with measurement in the home context, an additional outcome to emerge from the research was a deeper understanding relating to the strengths and weaknesses of using children’s photography and photo elicitation as a research method with young children. This article presents some of the insights gleaned from this mathematics education research, and examines the use of children’s photography and photo elicitation as a research strategy for working in early years research contexts.