略论元代科举考试制度的特点

元代科举考试制度具有四大特点：实行的时间短、规模小、录取人数少;仅限于文职考试;带有浓厚的民族歧视色彩;不是元代选官取士的主要途径。而元代民族众多、统治地域辽阔和元代统治阶级轻视科举、崇尚实用是元代科举制特点形成的主要原因     

清代前期科举制度上的满汉文化冲突

科举是汉文化中极其重要的一部分。清军入关以后,清朝统治者为了稳定统治,采取了科举制度来选官,并允许满族八旗子弟参加科举。从此一大批的满族八旗子弟走上了学而优则仕的道路,八旗子弟汉化趋势逐渐加深。面对大批满族八旗子弟汉化加深的趋势,满族统治者一方面采取了种种措施防止满族八旗子弟汉化,力图保持本民族的国语骑射的祖宗旧制。另一方面,为了稳定统治,又不得不实行科举制度。这体现了在实行科举制度上的满汉文化冲突。     

元朝选官制度管窥

元朝是一个由北方游牧民族蒙古族建立的王朝。为了统治人口超过自身数十倍的异族,元朝统治者在选官任仕方面走了一条有别于历史上任何一个中原汉族王朝的道路。总的说来,元代选择官员的主要途径有吏员出职、怯薛制度、科举考试等。这些选官制度,集中体现了蒙元统治者的意愿,同时在一定时期一定程度上保证了国家机器正常的运转,满足了蒙古贵族维护其统治的需要。     

五代至宋初科举制度探析

科举制度是中国古代重要的选官制度之一,自隋唐创立科举制度以后,经过五代及宋初不断改革和完善逐步走向成熟,科举制度成为宋代中后期及明清时期主要的选官制度。五代至宋初实行了更加严格的锁院、糊名、复试、殿试等考试制度,同时,科举取士的官僚政治地位和作用也进一步提高。通过对五代至宋初科举制度的探究,能够使我们更加清晰地了解这一时期的科举制度。     

元朝官场的“潜规则”

元朝在中国的统治,是少数蒙古贵族对众多的汉族及其他民族进行的残酷统治。元朝最高统治者,把社会上的人分成蒙古人、色目人（西域的少数民族）、汉人（黄河两岸的人）、南人（长江流域的汉族及少数民族）四等。从中央到地方各级政权,几乎都用蒙古人当第一把手,其次是色目人。汉人、南人无论文化多高,能力多大,只能处于最下层。元代各部大臣,多由吏（小官）进,并不由科举选拔,而省一级的长官,皆由蒙古贵族世袭,所以蒙古贵族尚在儿童,便可当封疆大吏。     

明朝科举，灿若烟花

元朝开始,蒙古人统治中原,科举考试进入中落时期,但以四书试士,却是元代所开的先例。元朝灭亡后,明王朝建立,科举制进入了它的鼎盛时期。明代统治者对科举高度重视,科举方法之严密也超过了以往历代。     

元代科举中实行民族倾斜政策的原因分析

元代科举制度中的民族不平等现象一直受人诟病,很多学者认为其不平等现象是民族歧视的直接表现。作者通过对史料分析得出:元代科举制度中的不平等现象不应论作歧视,而是元代在科举制度中的民族倾斜政策的体现,其旨在鼓励蒙古和其他少数民族考生学习汉族儒家文化,并积极参加科举。这一政策加强了元代民族融合,促进了汉族儒家文化在偏远边疆地区的传播。     

论唐代的早期家庭教育

由于唐代统治者用法令将直系长辈教育子女的权力法律化,使得早期家庭教育得到一定的重视和发展。胎教理论的提出,是儿童家庭教育理论的一大进步,表明唐人对儿童家庭教育有了更清晰的认识。而统治者打破门第观念,实行科举取士的用人政策,则是促进早期家庭教育发展的直接动因。家庭教育的主要内容除了六朝以来沿袭下来的士族礼法教育外,增加了科举教育和文学教育,具有很强的现实功利性。     

元朝官场的“潜规则”

元朝在中国的统治,是少数蒙古贵族对众多的汉族及其他民族进行的残酷统治。元朝最高统治者,把社会上的人分成蒙古人、色目人(西域的少数民族)、汉人(黄河两岸的人)、南人(长江流域的汉族及少数民族)四等。从中央到地方各级政权,几乎都用蒙古人当第一把手,其次是色目人。汉人、南人无论文化多高,能力多大,只能处于最下层。元代各部大臣,多由吏(小官)进,并不由科举选拔,而省一级的     

清代封禁政策的内在矛盾与归化城土默特地区教育事业的发展

清廷为更好地控制蒙古族并维护其在北部边疆的统治,对包括归化城土默特在内的蒙古地区实行了封禁政策,其中包括文化封禁,但这一政策却存在着内在矛盾:首先,清廷对蒙古封禁政策与其在全国倡导的“尊孔读经、礼义教化”相矛盾;其次,清廷对蒙地文化封禁政策与其在全国推行科举取士制度、大力兴办地方教育存在矛盾;最后,清廷对蒙地人口封禁政策与其弛禁政策相矛盾。上述内在矛盾为归化城土默特地区的教育事业提供了发展契机。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.