元认知迁移理论及其对教学的启示

与认知策略知识对应的元认知迁移理论是当代认知心理学对学习迁移理论的新发展，其基本思想在于强调认知策略在学习和问题解决中的重要作用。本文阐述了元认知迁移理论的基本观点及其对教学的启示。     

Humanities students and epistemological obstacles related to limits

The article presents a report on four 45 minute sessions with a group of 17 year old humanities students. These sessions were the first of a series organised with the aim of exploring the possibilities of elaborating didactical situations that would help the students overcome epistemological obstacles related to limits. Students' attitudes pertinent to the development of the notion of limit, as well as changes of these attitudes, are described and analysed.     

The German dual system of initial vocational education and training and its potential for transfer to Asia

Germany has a “dual system” of initial vocational education and training, one that other countries admire and would like to adopt. Can it hand this model over to them? This article argues that doing so will require far more than a simple process of copying. Instead, any transfer must reflect the existing conditions in the country adopting the system, and must be adapted to its unique social, cultural, and economic objectives. In addition, though the dual system can serve as a model, no other country can implement the dual system as a whole, or components one by one. Instead, it must use five constitutive elements in order to transfer the dual spirit of the German model appropriately. The article ends by describing some considerations that apply to the transfer process and reviews some German projects that transferred the system to countries in Asia.     

青少年儿童行为障碍的家庭治疗

对于青少年儿童的行为障碍，个体治疗有时无法将治疗室中取得的良好效果迁移到青少年儿童的现实生活中。家庭治疗作为一种积极的治疗过程，认为通过改变青少年儿童家庭成员围绕症状而出现的不良交往模式或者不良的家庭结构可以改变青少年儿童异常的心理行为问题和症状。     

个人合作建房运动中的法律障碍

本文将从法律障碍的视角,探讨个人合作建房运动中所遇到的问题,并提出对合作建房运动的建言。     

学生课堂提问的障碍分析及培养对策

学生课堂提问是学生参与教学活动中高层次的认知反应。本文分析了生物学课堂教学中影响学生提问的思想观念、教学方法、提问技能方面的因素。提出了相应的促进学生提问的培养对策。     

英语专科新生阅读障碍情况调查分析

为了进一步促进大中英语教学"一条龙"的衔接研究,作者对河池学院英语专业02级90名新生进行了有关阅读障碍情况调查.调查结果表明在阅读方面,目前专科英语专业新生仍存在着多方面障碍,且都较为严重.针对这一情况,笔者作了分析并提出了建议.     

大学英语听力理解中的障碍与对策

笔者依据自己四年大学英语听力教学经验,从提高英语实际应用能力出发,探讨了学生在听力理解中存在的障碍,并提出提高听力理解的对策,进而为帮助学生克服这些障碍提出相关对策,以求真正提高学生英语应用能力。     

论教师心理障碍对教育效果的影响

目前，在我国教师群体中存在着较严重的心理障碍，主要表现为认知障碍，个性障碍和情绪障碍。这些心理障碍严重影响教师个人的发展和教育效果，对学生的成长，成才与身心健康发展具有极大的危害性，必须给予深切关注。     

Epistemic obstacles and the marriage of fantasy to rigor: A response to suchting

Reality is difficult to know because the projection of reality onto experience creates misleading similarities and differences. Also, the projection is one-to-many in the appearance-to-reality direction, a fact that prevents us from reasoning from appearance to reality. The mode of thought that is associated with the Galilean revolution in science is a response to these epistemic obstacles. Its main characteristic is a marriage between imagination and formalization. This mode of thinking is as universal within post-Galilean science as the epistemic obstacles it is designed to overcome, but it is not salient in either common sense or Aristotelian science.     

浅谈如何突破英语听力障碍

在国际化、信息化发展迅速的当今社会,听作为重要的人类交际方式,也越来越重要。因此,如何提高听力始终是为人们所关注。本文通过教法的改变,为学生创造一个突破式的听力的练习给学生创造一个自主学习,自主发展的优良的学习环境。能有效地调动学生的自主学习意识,在教师良好的教学方法引导下,是学习成为一种自觉的活动,教师寻求到一种自主学习、自主发展的教育规律的同时,是英语教法有了一个质的飞跃。     

The limits of critical pedagogy: teaching about structural obstacles to students who overcame them

This article focuses on efforts to critically analyze the social reproductive functions of schooling with a group of pre-service teachers in the US–Mexico border region, and on students’ reactions to these efforts. The students – all female, predominantly Mexican-American – had experienced both educational discrimination and academic success, and heavily invested in the dominant view of schooling as a meritocracy where individual talent and motivation regularly overcome structural obstacles. We argue that the students’ ideologies and experiences of class, gender, ethnicity, nationality, and language predisposed them to resist analysis of systemic inequalities in schools; we also examine the implications of this resistance for their future success as teachers. We conclude with recommendations for balancing structural pessimism and strategic optimism in the classroom, and for bringing students’ personal and social histories to bear on the contradictions between schooling’s promise of social mobility and its tendency to reproduce social inequality.     

原有学习习惯在英语阅读中的负迁移及解决办法

从心理学范畴来看,原有知识阻碍了新知识学习的现象被称为“负迁移”。在英语阅读中,阅读效率往往受到原有学习习惯的影响。本文就谈到了原有的两种学习习惯(精读学习习惯和母语学习习惯)在英语阅读中的负迁移及解决办法。     

The resources and obstacles of creative collaboration in a long-term learning community

In the framework of a subject-centred socio-cultural approach, this study investigates creative collaboration and the resources for and obstacles to it in a long-term learning community of ten teacher students. The study focuses on five different learning situations over a 2-year period. The data were taken from teacher students’ evaluations and accounts (on given criteria) of their videotaped group-learning sessions, and their reports of the obstacles to creative collaboration. Using the students’ evaluations of the five videotaped group learning situations, the sessions they assessed as the least and most creative were compared, the aim being to discover the most important situation-specific contextual resources for collaborative creativity in the learning settings addressed. The findings showed that creative collaboration was manifested by the presentation of alternative views, and in most situations also by the production of new ideas. However, it was less evident that group discussion would in every session reveal contradictions or lead to the disclosure of opposing views concerning different meanings; nor would it necessarily create an elaborated understanding of the learning topic. The main obstacles to creative collaboration were related to the emotional atmosphere and power relations of the group. A comparison of the contextual conditions of the least and most creative evaluated situation illustrates that the least creative situation was characterised by participants’ disputational talk, aimed at invalidating opposing opinions. Here, the group atmosphere was emotionally charged in a negative sense, and mutual care taking was lacking. The unsafe atmosphere made group members afraid of being emotionally bruised by other members. The most creative situation was characterised by complementarity in participants’ talk and by inclusive utilisation of each other's views. The shared history of the group was an extremely important resource for group dialogue, allowing alternative future scenarios to be constructed reflectively. The emotional scaffolding between students was rich, and the tutor's resources were utilised. Results are discussed in terms of complementarity, emotions and power relations.     

浅析当代中国法律移植的文化障碍及解决途径

法律移植在我国社会主义现代化法治进程中一直起着重要作用。法律的成功移植也并非一帆风顺,在移植的过程中受到诸多因素的制约,也会受到本土文化和法律土壤的不适甚至排斥,在文化方面表现尤其明显。如何解决法律移植过程中遇到的文化障碍问题成为法治现代化进程中急需解决的问题之一。本文在分析法律移植中遇到的文化障碍的基础上提出了解决途径。     

自来水生产中的氯化处理及问题

对传染病学和细菌学的研究证明水的确又是传播疾病的重要媒介物。然而水又是生命得以维持所必需的物质之一 ,于是人们开始探索饮用水的消毒措施。最早人们采用慢速砂滤的方法对带病菌的饮用水进行处理。大约一百年前才有了水的氯化消毒法。 190 4年英格兰首先试图进行给水连续氯化。190 8年Ｇｅｏｒｇｅ .Ｊａｏｈｎｓｏｎ在芝加哥的ＢｕｂｂｌｙＢｒｅｅｋ过滤厂开始使用次氯酸钙处理水 ,从此给水氯化在美国得到了最初尝试。公共给水氯化的主要目的就是防止水传播疾病 ,这种方法后来逐渐得到推广 ,时至今日几乎成了一种常规方法。可是 ,随…